Indonesia, the country in Asia with the highest stunting rate (ranked fifth), has a program to accelerate reducing the number of cases with Banyuwangi Regency being one of the pilot projects for the ...Healthy Children's Movement to Prevent Stunting Toddlers and accelerating stunting prevention issued by the Regent of Banyuwangi in April 2022. On the other hand, Bangorejo District, which is close to the south coast in Banyuwangi, means that this area has a lot of marine products in the form of fish and has cheap prices. The problem is, the community, especially mothers, most of whom are housewives, do not yet have the skills to increase the use value of these marine products. This program aims to improve skills in extending the shelf life of products made from lemuru fish and increase the use value of these products. The methods used are counseling and direct practice through training. The target partners are 27 mothers/women in Padukuhan Kedungrejo, Sambirejo, and Pasembon, Bangorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency. Training activities were held on 23 and 31 August 2023. The results of this activity were that participants had knowledge of making processed fish food which increased by 29.6%, and skills in making processed fish food which increased by 33.3%. The conclusion is that people's knowledge and skills in making processed lemuru fish have increased. The target community is able to make dragon legs and nuggets from lemuru fish.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of using barberry or acorn extracts in fried sardine marinade formulations. In line with this purpose, sardines were eviscerated, washed, and ...filleted. Fillets were marinated with a solution containing 4% salt, 1% vinegar, and 0.2% potassium sorbate. After that, four marinated batches were made, namely C (no antioxidant added), B (200 ppm BHT added), BE (barberry extract added-200 ppm gallic acid equivalent (GAE)), and AE (acorn extract added-200 ppm gallic acid equivalent). Marination uptake, chemical composition, pH, colour, oxidation (peroxide value and lipid oxidation), trimethylamine (TMA-N), and sensory analyses were performed at +4 ℃ for 28 days. Acorn extract exhibited higher total phenolic content and pH value than barberry extract. Both barberry and acorn extract contain various bioactive components, especially phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The incorporation of antioxidants did not alter the chemical composition, initial pH and marinade uptake. Barberry extract was responsible for the lowest oxidation on the 14th day of storage. TBARS and TMA-N values of all extract added treatments were within the acceptable limits. Only flavour and general acceptability scores of AE were lower. All treatments were preferred at the same level except for AE treatment.
Microplastics were determined in pink Bombay-duck (Harpadon nehereus), white Bombay-duck (H. translucens) and gold-stripe sardine (Sardinella gibbosa) collected from the Northern Bay of Bengal at ...Bangladesh. Gastrointestinal tracts of fishes (n = 25 per species) were examined for microplastics following alkali digestion protocol, microscopic observations and chemical analysis by micro-Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscope (μ-FTIR). A total of 443 microplastic items were found in the intestines of H. nehereus, H. translucens and S. gibbosa, averaging in the range of 3.20–8.72 items per species. Among various shapes, colours and types of microplastics, irregular (37–43%), white/transparent (26–68%) and fiber (50–55%) were dominant. The size fraction of microplastics ranging between 1 μm and 5 mm was 68–84 items/kg biomass, and μ-FTIR analysis identified 13 particles of polyethylene terephthalate and 66 particles of polyamide. The study findings raised concern that microplastics in marine fish could be a threat to public health via the food chain.
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•Microplastics (MP) in marine fishes were determined from the Bay of Bengal.•A total of 443 MP items were found in the intestines of three fishes.•MPs content were dominated by fiber, irregular and white/transparent colour.•MPs were composed of polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate polymers.•MPs in marine fish may transfer to humans via food chain.
•Developed a sardine bioenergetics model coupled with a lower trophic level model (NEMURO).•Model reproduced growth rate and wet-weight of sardine along the Indian west coast.•Utilized model to ...describe the seasonality in the growth of sardine.•Simulated wet weight validated with available observations.•Sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of temperature and consumption in the growth.
The Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) fishery was observed with wide stock fluctuation. Ecological parameters, mainly temperature and prey density, had a profound influence on the growth of S. longiceps and hence the production. In this study, a fish bioenergetics model, coupled with a lower trophic level model, was developed to reproduce the seasonality in the growth of S. longiceps. For this, we have used an Indian Ocean adaptation of an intermediate complex ecosystem model called North Pacific Ecological Modeling for Understanding Regional Oceanography (NEMURO) for marine productivity simulations. The model has 11-component ecosystem variables such as two types of phytoplankton (small and large including flagellates and diatoms), three types of zoo-planktons (small, large, and predatory, which includes ciliates, copepods, and euphausiids), particulate and dissolved organic matter, opal, cycling of nitrate, ammonia, and silicate. The prey densities derived from the NEMURO were input to the sardine bioenergetics model. The coupled model reproduced the appropriate growth rate and wet-weight of S. longiceps in its seasonal cycle in four major fishery regions such as Kochi, Goa, Ratnagiri, and Mumbai as verifiable from the available observation. In Kochi, the mean wet weight was 72.0 ± 12.8 g (June to September), 65.4 ± 5.3 g (October to November), 82.4 ± 2.7 g (December to February), and 66.7 ± 3.8 g (March to May). Goa and Ratnagiri have moderate weights with mean wet weight as 73.6 ± 10.6 g (June to September), 87.4 ± 3.2 g (October to November), 95.5 ± 4.3 g (December to February), and 76.2 ± 6.8 g (March to May). In the Mumbai region, maximum weight is simulated with mean wet weight as 97.4 ± 13.3 g (June to September), 102.1 ± 1.6 g (October to November), 104.8 ± 1.3 g (December to February), and 101.6 ± 1.2 g (March to May). Sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of temperature and consumption in the growth of sardine. Detailed model validation with available observations is presented.
Marine organisms can change their habitat depth based on feeding strategies and physiological requirements. Here, we investigated habitat depth selections of juvenile sardines in the western and ...eastern North Pacific, Sea of Japan, and East China Sea from summer to autumn, which have been poorly documented. Habitat depth was estimated by comparing stable oxygen isotope values at the edges of otoliths formed several weeks before capture with in situ temperature and salinity observations near the sampling sites. The estimated depths at the three stations in the Sea of Japan for which acoustic data were available were consistent with the maximum acoustic scattering layer. Habitat depths in the eastern North Pacific, Sea of Japan, and the East China Sea varied considerably between regions in the upper 70 m. Still, they were mostly ± 10 m from the seasonal thermocline. Average temperatures at the thermocline in the regions were 16.8−24.5°C, which included temperatures significantly higher than the presumed optimal temperatures. However, the habitat depths in the subarctic North Pacific, where the mean temperature at the thermocline was 8.4°C, were consistently in the surface mixed layer above the thermocline. These results suggested that juvenile sardines tend to reside in the thermocline to feed efficiently on aggregated plankton, provided the temperature is physiologically tolerable. Our results may be useful for increasing sampling efficiency, validating assumptions in behavioural models, and providing insight into how atmospheric forcing affects sardine growth and survival.
•Microvolume isotope analysis of otolith allows prediction of fish habitat depth.•The habitat depth of sardine juveniles varied significantly around the Pacific.•The juveniles mostly resided in the thermocline when the temperature is tolerable.•The food availability is likely the primary factor in their habitat depth selection.
Nature-inspired optimization algorithms, especially swarm based algorithms (SAs), solve many scientific and engineering problems due to their flexibility and simplicity. These algorithms are ...applicable for optimization problems without structural modifications. This work presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called SailFish Optimizer (SFO), which is inspired by a group of hunting sailfish. This method consists of two tips of populations, sailfish population for intensification of the search around the best so far and sardines population for diversification of the search space. The SFO algorithm is evaluated on 20 well-known unimodal and multimodal mathematical functions to test different characteristics of the algorithm. In addition, SFO is compared with the six state-of-art metaheuristic algorithms in low and high dimensions. It also indicates competitive results for improvement of exploration and exploitation phases, avoidance of local optima, and high speed convergence especially on large-scale global optimization. The SFO algorithm outperforms the best algorithms in the literature on the majority of the test functions and it shows the statistically significant difference among other algorithms. Moreover, the SFO algorithm shows significantly great results for non-convex, non-separable and scalable test functions. Eventually, the promising results on five real world optimization problems indicate that the SFO is applicable for problem solving with constrained and unknown search spaces.
•We present a global study of small pelagic fish body condition in the Mediterranean.•Fish body condition strongly declined during last decades in almost all studied areas.•Body condition did not ...vary in synchrony between areas in the Mediterranean Sea.•Well-marked environmental differences between sub-regions were highlighted.•This decline in the condition may have negative effects on ecosystems and fisheries.
Small pelagic fish are among the most ecologically and economically important marine fish species and are characterized by large fluctuations all over the world. In the Mediterranean Sea, low catches and biomass of anchovies and sardines have been described in some areas during the last decade, resulting in important fisheries crises. Therefore, we studied anchovy and sardine body condition variability, a key index of population health and its response to environmental and anthropogenic changes. Wide temporal and spatial patterns were investigated by analyzing separately data from scientific surveys and fisheries in eight Mediterranean areas between 1975 and 2015.
Results showed that anchovy and sardine body condition as well as maximum size in some areas sharply decreased in most Mediterranean areas along years (except in the Northern Alboran Sea). Despite this general pattern, well-marked environmental differences between sub-regions were highlighted by several analyses and variations in body condition were not found to be homogeneous over all the Mediterranean Sea. Further, other analyses revealed that except for the Adriatic where major changes towards a lower body condition were concomitant with a decrease in river runoffs and chl-a concentration, no concomitant environmental regime shift was detected in other areas.
Together, these analyses highlighted the current poor body condition of almost all small pelagic fish populations in the Mediterranean. Yet, global environmental indices could not explain the observed changes and the general decrease in condition might more likely come from regional environmental and/or anthropogenic (fishing) effects. A prolonged state of poor fish body condition, together with an observed reduced size and early age-at-maturity may have strong ecological, economic and social consequences all around the Mediterranean Sea.
No report was found on the occurrence of microplastics in processed seafood products that are manufactured for direct human consumption. This study investigates the potential presence of micro- and ...mesoplastics in 20 brands of canned sardines and sprats originating from 13 countries over 4 continents followed by their chemical composition determination using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The particles were further inspected for their inorganic composition through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Plastic particles were absent in 16 brands while between 1 and 3 plastic particles per brand were found in the other 4 brands. The most abundant plastic polymers were polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The presence of micro- and mesoplastics in the canned sardines and sprats might be due to the translocation of these particles into the edible tissues, improper gutting, or the result of contamination from the canneries. The low prevalence of micro- and mesoplastics sized >149μm, and the absence of potentially hazardous inorganic elements on them, might indicate the limited health risks associated with their presence in canned sardines and sprats. Due to the possible increase in micro- and mesoplastic loads in seafood products over time, the findings of this study suggest their quantification to be included as one of the components of food safety management systems.
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•Micro- and mesoplastics were detected in 4 brands of canned fish.•The most abundant plastic polymers were PP and PET.•Consumers may ingest between 1 and 5 anthropogenic particles per annum.•The current plastic loads pose limited health risks to the consumers.
Summary
Effect of chitooligosaccharide from squid pen prepared using lipase (COS‐L) at various concentrations (0–30 g kg−1) on gel properties of sardine surimi gel was investigated. Breaking force ...(BF) and deformation (DF) of gel were increased, when COS‐L level was increased up to 10 g kg−1 (P < 0.05). Water holding capacity and whiteness of gel were improved with the addition of COS‐L than those of control. Gel added with 10 g kg−1 COS‐L had denser network with higher likeness score for all sensory attributes, compared to control. When gel incorporated with 10 g kg−1 COS‐L was stored at 4 °C, BF, DF and whiteness were maintained during 10 days of storage. Textural properties of surimi gel added with COS‐L were higher than those of control throughout storage. Thus, incorporation of 10 g kg−1 COS‐L could improve gel properties of sardine surimi gel and retarded the deterioration of gel properties during refrigerated storage.
Illustration of cross‐linking of COS‐L and myofibrillar protein and its effect on gel properties of sardine surimi
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