A detailed stratigraphy of Jurassic and Cretaceous deep-water sediments in the Julian Alps is presented. The study areas are located at Mt. Mangart, in the Triglav Lakes Valley and in the broader ...surroundings of Bovec. The successions are paleogeographically attributed to the Bovec Basin and the Julian High, and correlated with similar successions elsewhere in the Southern Alps. The sedimentary evolution is reconstructed and discussed in relation to synsedimentary tectonics, eustatic sea-level fluctuations and global paleoceanographic changes. The monograph is a fundamental publication for stratigraphy and sedimentology of Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits in the Julian Alps.
Prispevek obravnava kronologijo mlajšega pleistocena (MIS5-3, ”izotopske stopnje” 5-3) v Sloveniji na podlagi paleolit-skih jamskih najdišč. Glavni poudarek članka je na metodolo-giji in ...terenskih tehnikah. V prvem delu je podan kritičen pregledstanja do leta 1990, ko je avtor prevzel vodenje paleolitskihraziskav. V drugem delu so predstavljeni nova kronologija inustrezni stratotipi najdišča Divje babe I. Najbolje je predstav-ljen stratotip MIS 3. S pomočjo kronometrije in klimatokro-nologije je najdišče primerjal tudi z drugimi stratotipi virmskepoledenitve
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Klastični sedimenti poznati kao Viviparus slojevi predstavljaju posljednju fazu jezerske sedimentacije u južnom dijelu PBS-a. ...Stratigrafski pripadaju pliocenu, a taloženi su unutar kata cernik u vremenskom rasponu od 4,5 – 2 milijuna godina. Na prostoru Vukomeričkih gorica, gdje su površinski najrasprostranjeniji, dokazano je taloženje donjih i gornjih Viviparus slojeva. Analizom facijesa i fosilnog sadržaja utvrđeno je da se njihovo taloženje odvijalo u plitkom slatkovodnom jezerskom i aluvijalnom okolišu. Donji Viviparus slojevi diskonformni su na miocensku podlogu, pripadaju zoni Viviparus kochanskyae i taloženi su u vrijeme umjereno tople i vlažne klime s izraženim sezonskim oscilacijama sezonalnošću. Gornji Viviparus slojevi taloženi su u uvjetima pliocenskog klimatskog optimuma, bez izražene sezonalnosti, a pripadaju zoni Viviparus hoernesi. Međusobno ispreplitanje jezerskih i aluvijalnih okoliša ukazuje na oscilacije razine vode uz zapadni rub tadašnjeg jezera Slavonija, a izostanak srednjih Viviparus slojeva pokazatelj je smanjenja površine jezera, odnosno jake regresije u srednjem cerniku. Modalni i kemijski sastav klastičnog detritusa ukazuje na njegovo dominantno podrijetlo iz starijih sedimentnih i kiselih magmatskih stijena čija su izvorišta bila lokalno izdignuta gorja i pretaloženi gornjomiocenski materijal alpske provenijencije.- Clastic sediments known as Viviparus beds represent the last phase of lacustrine sedimentation in the southern part of Pannonian Basin System. Based on stratigraphy they belong to the Pliocene epoch, within time period from 4.5 to 2 Ma as a part of the Cernikian stage. In the area of Vukomeričke gorice two stratigraphic horizons have been detected, Lower Viviparus beds and Upper Viviparus beds. Facies analysis and fossil content have shown that the deposition of these freshwater sediments occured in predominantly shallow lacustrine and alluvial environment. The Lower Viviparus beds lay disconformly on Miocene sediments, they belong to the Viviparus kochanskyae zone and they are deposited in the moderately warm and humid climate with strong seasonality. Upper Viviparus beds, belonging to Viviparus hoernesy zone, were deposited under conditions of the Pliocene climate optimum, without strong seasonality. Alternation of lacustrine and alluvial environment indicates the fluctuations of water level along the western edge of the former lake Slavonia while the absence of middle Viviparus beds suggests a decrease in the lake’s surface or its regression in the Middle Cernikian. Modal and chemical composition of clastic detritus indicates that it originates from the older sedimentary rocks as well as predominantley acidic igneous rocks whose source were locally raised mountains and resedimented material of Alpine provenance from Upper Miocene.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Tijekom srednjega trijasa na području Vanjskih Dinarida tektonika povezana s
otvaranjem Tetiskog oceana dovela je do značajne ...diferencijacije taložnih okoliša. Istovremeno
su egzistirala izdignuta područja sa značajkama subaerske vulkanske aktivnosti i trošenja
starijih stijena te njihova pretaloživanja, kao i plitkomorski prostori obilježeni karbonatnom
sedimentacijom te dublja, pelagička morska korita u kojima su taloženi različiti sedimenti
uključujući i vulkanoklastične i vulkanske stijene. Cilj provedenog istraživanja je bio definirati
i opisati srednjetrijaske vulkanoklastične naslage, odrediti njihov stratigrafski položaj u
Vanjskim Dinaridima, definirati taložne okoliše u kojima su nastale, geokemijskim podacima
povezati ih s geotektonskim okolišem u kojem je nastala magma koja je producirala
vulkanoklastične naslage te usporediti razvoj prostora Vanjskih Dinarida s okolnim prostorima
zapadnog Tetisa. Analizirane su petrološko-sedimentološke, mineraloške i geokemijske
karakteristike vulkanoklastičnih naslaga s pet lokaliteta u Vanjskim Dinaridima (Donje
Pazarište i Jovanović Draga u okolici Gospića, Bosansko Grahovo u Bosni i Hercegovini,
Zelovo u blizini Sinja, i Plavno u blizini Knina). Mikropetrografskim metodama određeni su
facijesi istraživanih stijena i mehanizmi njihova postanka čime je omogućena rekonstrukcija
taložnih okoliša. Analizama konodontnog materijala biostratigrafski je određena starost te je
postavljen vremenski okvir taloženja vulkanoklastita srednjega trijasa. Geokemijskim
analizama dobiveni su podaci koji su korišteni za klasifikaciju istraživanih stijena, odredbu
geotektonskog okvira i porijekla magme iz koje su nastale vulkanoklastične naslage, te je
omogućena rekonstrukcija petrogenetskog modela u srednjem trijasu Vanjskih Dinarida.
Vulkanoklastične naslage srednjega trijasa nastajale su u kopnenim i marinskim okolišima.
Većina istraživanih lokaliteta ima obilježja dubljevodne pelagičke sedimentacije. Taloženje
ovih naslaga u Vanjskim Dinaridima vezano je za prijelazni interval iz anizika u ladinik, kao i
u većini okolnih prostora zapadnog dijela nekadašnjeg Tetiskog oceana. Geokemijska obilježja
vulkanoklastičnih i vulkanskih stijena ukazuje na kalcijsko-alkalijsku magmu kontaminiranu
krustalnim materijalom nastalu u složenom geotektonskom sustavu. Sedimentološka obilježja
istraživanih vulkanoklastita i s njima udruženih sedimentnih stijena dokazuju postojanje
nepotpuno razvijenih malih riftnih sustava.- In the Middle Triassic times, the External Dinarides were a part of the Western Tethyan
domain (Haas et al., 1995; Stampfli & Borel, 2002; 2003; Scotese et al., 2004). A deposition of
the Early Triassic low energy carbonate-siliciclastic sediments of the epeiric ramp (Aljinović
et al., 2014) was interrupted in the Middle Triassic by vigorous and extensive tectonic activity
related to the opening of the Tethyan Ocean. Tectonic activity was accompanied by volcanism
and formation of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. These tectonic movements caused the
differentiation of the relief, thus forming different rift related tectonic structures. Some tectonic
blocks were uplifted and prone to subaerial erosion while others were subsided and developed
different deep marine, pelagic facies. All depositional environments were under the influence
of volcanic activity. However, some areas experienced long lasting shallow marine, mostly
carbonate sedimentation. The Middle Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks were
investigated by various authors (e.g. Poljak & Tajder, 1948; Lugović & Majer, 1983; Pamić,
1984; Marci et al., 1991; Trubelja et al., 2004; Garašić et al., 2006; Preglej, 2006; Hrvatović et
al., 2011; Aljinović et al., 2011). Some of them pronounced the controversial relation between
the geochemical data of volcanic rocks and geotectonic setting in the Middle Triassic (Lugović
& Majer, 1983; Pamić, 1984; Trubelja et al., 2004; Garašić et al., 2006). That resulted in the
unambiguous interpretation of the magma origin. Geochemical data all indicate calc-alkaline
magma composition, which is more common in the subduction areas than in rift zones. The
typical Middle Triassic rift related magmatic rocks (ophiolites) are still not found in the External
Dinarides.
The aim of this dissertation is to present the petrological, sedimentological,
stratigraphical and geochemical data of the investigated volcaniclastic rocks and to unravel its
genesis and origin. Therefore, volcaniclastic rocks at five localities in the External Dinarides
were investigated. The field methods included recording the sedimentary sections in which
different volcaniclastic rocks crop out. Petrographical methods were used to analyse
micropetrographic composition (in thinsections) and differentiate sedimentary facies based on
the lithology and depositional processes. The differentiation of the facies allowed
reconstruction of the depositional mechanisms and prediction of the sedimentary model for
each of the investigated localities. Carbonate sedimentary rocks associated with the
volcaniclastics served for conodont analysis that enabled the biostratigraphic constrains of the
volcanic activity. The high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy also enabled the correlation of
the investigated sequences. Geochemical analysis aimed to determine the magma composition
and according to that interpret geotectonic position of the investigated area.
In Lika, part of the Velebit Mts., the five small localities were investigated adjacent to
the village Donje Pazarište. In all five localities, the different volcaniclastic deposits were
recorded in different sedimentary sequences. The three sedimentary sequences, called Donje
Pazarište 1, Donje Pazarište 2 and Donje Pazarište 3 form almost continuous 97 m thick
succession with six different facies: Flysch facies (FF), Carbonate shale facies (KS),
Syneruptive resedimented pyroclastic facies (FSP), Platy limestone and pyroclastic facies
(FPV), Limestone breccia facies (VB) and Slumped limestone, chert and pyroclastic facies
(FSV). Near the investigated sections (Donje Pazarište 1, 2, 3) the Pyroclastic flow facies (FPT)
was determined (similarly as investigated by Preglej, 2006). The whole sequence has the
characteristics of deposition in the open marine, pelagic environment. The beginning of the
sequence was influenced by Flysch facies (FF) deposited by turbidity currents. Flysch facies
was conformably overlain by Carbonate shale facies (KS) slightly influenced by deposition of
pyroclastic material. Syneruptive resedimented pyroclastics (FSP) were redeposited from
relatively shallow parts of the depositional area to the deep pelagic areas via pyroclastic
turbidity currents. Deposition of the Platy limestone and pyroclastic facies (FPV), indicates
shallowing of the environment envisaged by prevalence of limestones. Limestone breccia facies
(VB) occassionaly occurres in the sequence and imply periods of intense tectonic activity.
Slumped limestone, chert and pyroclastic facies (FSV) was deposited in pelagic environment
influenced by the deposition of pyroclastic material primary sedimented through water settled
fall out on slopes. The sequence was strongly influenced by tectonic activity and tectonic block
movements. The Pyroclastic flow facies (FPT), located in vicinity of the youngest strata of the
Donje Pazarište section, has the characteristics of subaerial emplaced ignimbrite flow, as does
the same facies in the vicinity of the village Brušane, in the foothill of Vinac. Lithological
similarities of these rocks allow the interpretation that they possibly represent a unique
pyroclastic flow generated by pyroclastic column collapse and subaerial of shallow marine
emplacement. The time constraint of this facies is unfortunately missing due to lack of conodont
species in the associated shallow water limestones.
In the same area, the recorded profile Jovanović Draga consists completely of
volcaniclastic deposits (81 m thick) that are associated with the olivine basalt of Coherent facies
(KF). Among volcaniclastics, the Hyaloclastic facies (HF) was differentiated. It was formed by
autoclastic processes and limited pyroclastic activity. Fragments formed by autoclastic
processes were mixed with fragments of carbonate rocks probably formed by fragmentation of
the lithified carbonates during magma ascent. Explosive eruption was restricted due to water
depth that limited the spread of pyroclastic material (dominantly volcanic glass shards).
The recorded profile near the village Bosansko Grahovo (Bosnia and Herzegovina),
consists of 79 m thick dominantly autoclastic deposits. Four different volcaniclastic facies were
determined. The base of the profile is represented by the significant Limestone peperite facies
(FVP). It consists of bioclastic peckstones-weckstones with thin-shelled bivalves and
radiolarians indicating emplacement of hot lava in the pelagic environment. The Limestone
peperite facies is conformably overlain with the Pyroclastic flow facies (FPT), followed by a
Hyaloclastic facies (FH) divided into three lithotypes: resedimented basalt-andesite
hyaloclastite (Pba), in situ basalt hyaloclastite (ISb) and resedimented basalt hyaloclastite (Pb).
The top of the sequence is characterized by the occurrence of the Breccia-conglomerate peperite
(FBP). The facies distribution possibly represents both, the lateral and the vertical exchange of
recorded facies. According to the fossil content in the limestone parts of the peperite, the
sedimentary environment is determined as pelagic. Pyroclastic flow facies in this profile is
represented by a small volume ignimbrite formed in the low fountaining volcanic vent and was
constantly in contact with warm ascending magma throughout the emplacement time.
Hyaloclastic facies (FH) was formed by quenching fragmentation of the coherent facies. The
accurence of in situ basalt hyaloclasti
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