Plántulas de pepino y tomate fortificadas con silicio y cloro Flores Cázarez Flores, Luz Llarely; Velázquez Alcaraz, Teresa de Jesús; Partida Ruvalcaba, Leopoldo ...
Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas (México),
01/2023, Volume:
14, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
El uso de silicio (Si) y cloro (Cl) permite que las plantas incrementen favorablemente el crecimiento y desarrollo, ya que contribuyen al aumento del peso seco de las plantas y biosíntesis de ...clorofila, así como la resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos. La investigación se realizó para esclarecer el resultado que ocasiona la aplicación de Si y Cl en el crecimiento de plántulas de pepino y tomate. Para ello, se sembró pepino ‘Paraiso F1’ y tomate F3 en charolas de poliestireno con 242 cavidades rellenas de peat moss. Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, donde los tratamientos fueron: 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Cl, 20:20, 30:30 y 50:50 mg L-1 de Si:Cl un testigo absoluto y cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Las variables de respuesta fueron verdor foliar, altura de planta, área foliar, peso seco de la parte aérea y de raíz en plántulas de pepino y tomate. En plántulas de pepino, el verdor foliar se incrementó 18.7% y 4.6% con 20 y 50 mg L-1 de Si y Cl, respectivamente. La combinación de 20:20 mg L-1 de Si:Cl aumentó un 30.2% la biomasa de la parte aérea. Mientras que, en plántulas de tomate, tratadas con 30 mg L-1 Si y en mezcla con Cl a concentración 30:30 mg L-1 su altura fue de 31.9% y 25.1% con respecto a las plántulas testigo. La biomasa seca de raíz se aumentó significativamente con la aplicación de Si (20 y 30 mg L-1), Cl (20 y 50 mg L-1) y en combinación 30:30 (mg L-1).
Grevillea robusta is recognized by the pinnate and deeply lobed fernlike leaves, dark green adaxial, silky with whitish, by showy yellowish flowers clustered on and by black curved pod. Techniques of ...seed dormancy avoidance were written for different species by different authors. However, a combined effect of watering frequency and germination percentage for successful germination of G. robusta seed is scantly documented. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of mulching and watering frequency on seed germination, height and leaf number. The research design was factorial experiment in the arrangement of eight different treatments with three replications. The plot size was 1m by 1m and the spacing between plot and block were 0.4m and 1m respectively. The frequency of watering (w) and mulching (M) percentage results variation in height and germination percentage. M0% with watering in one day gap (w1), M0% with watering all day (wa), mulching above 75% and no mulching generally delay total germination percentages of seedling. The optimum mulching (%) and frequency of water for rate of normal seed germination was between mulching M25% wa to M50% wa. The optimum mulching and frequency of water for seedling height was attended at M50% wa. Therefore, the germination responses of seed of G. robusta vary as per mulching percentage and watering frequency it has. Further study on how mulching and watering frequency improve the soil microbial activity and temperature during seed germination of G. robusta species on the seedbed across Agroecology is needed.
At a three-leaf stage, two Fe treatments 0 mg kg-1 (Fe-) and 20 mg.kg-1 (Fe+) in the form of FeCl3 were used in the soil of the pot and then two concentrations of α-ketoglutaric acid 0 mg L-1 (A-) ...and 50 mg L-1 (A+) were sprayed to the rice plants of Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan cultivars. We showed that seedlings exhibited an increased length and fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots with treatments Fe+A- and Fe-A+, as well as the Fe content increased greatly. Both treatments increased the morphological characteristic values of roots and promoted photosynthesis. Interestingly, Fe+A+ notably affected the photosynthesis of fragrant rice seedlings; however, it exerted no significant differences on other parameters. Overall, Fe and α-ketoglutaric acid had the potential for improving the growth of fragrant rice seedlings. The interaction between Fe and α-ketoglutaric acid regulated photosynthesis in seedling leaves, which provided evidence for further improvement of rice cultivation.
Introduction Mulberry is one of the plants that are compatible with dry areas. A little research has been done on the irrigation of mulberry seedlings using different methods in arid and special ...areas of Sistan. In the past, there were suitable climatic conditions for the establishment of mulberry trees in Sistan. If mulberry orchards are revived in the area, in addition to fruit production and the prosperity of the breeding industry, it will also play an effective role in controlling erosion and improving the environment. Due to the harmful effects of water shortage and lack of proper efficient methods used in the agricultural sector of the country, it is necessary to study and use new methods. This research examines the establishment of fruitful mulberry seedlings with three methods of subsurface irrigation, pottery, and drip irrigation in the Helmand watershed. By establishing vegetation while saving limited water consumption in the region, along with its economic aspects for the stakeholders, should also be effective as windbreaks and improvement of the environment for the development of the region.Materials and MethodsThis research was carried out to evaluate the Mulberry growth using three methods including subsurface irrigation, clay pot, and drop irrigation in dryland regions. Therefore, after preparing hold digs, three soil samples has collected from depth 50 cm of each treatment, and soil characteristics were analyzed. Six-month-old mulberry seedlings were planted in the pits. This research was randomly tested the clay pot irrigation, drop and surface irrigation on mulberry with three treatments and four iterations. Tree high, branch number, diameter, and canopy have been measured. Also, soil moisture was measured at a depth of 60 cm before irrigation. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results and Discussion According to the climatic conditions of the region, a total of 700 L of water was given to each seedling. The average moisture content of subsurface irrigation treatment was higher than other treatments. Moisture content in subsurface irrigation, pottery, and surface drops were 18, 14.25, and 13.4%, respectively. The moisture content of subsurface irrigation treatment was 20.8% and 25.5% higher than the moisture content of clay irrigation treatment and drip type, respectively. The mean values have been compared based on the Duncan test and showed the amount of moisture in subsurface irrigation classified in one group and in clay type and surface drops in another group. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the moisture content of the three treatments (α< 0.01). Also, significant differences were observed between the mean of plants height of the subsurface (78.5 cm), clay pot (45.5 cm), and drop (59.7 cm) irrigation methods. But, there was no significant difference between canopy, diameter, and branch number. The plant water needs are better provided in the surface irrigation method, and more water is available compared with clay pot and drop irrigation.Conclusion The results of this experiment showed that the subsurface irrigation treatment had a better condition in all characteristics than the pottery and drip irrigation methods. Because it provides more moisture to the plant. This situation is due to the lack of high evaporation in subsurface irrigation, water enters the root zone directly through gravity. Therefore, it is concluded that the subsurface irrigation method is more suitable for plant growth than pottery and drip irrigation which reduces the water loss from the soil surface and better moisture distribution.
1. Evergreen broad-leaved forests are widely distributed in eastern Asia with evergreen broad-leaved (EBL) and deciduous broad-leaved (DBL) tree species coexisting under the same climatic regime, ...raising questions as to the underlying mechanisms. Since EBL and DBL species differ in leaf life span, a key component of resource economic strategies, their coexistence might be attributed to regeneration niche partitioning across habitats varying in resource supply. 2. We investigated the effects of variation in insolation and topography on regeneration of EBL and DBL species in a subtropical EBL forest of eastern China after an ice storm that caused severe canopy disturbance. 3. Using a mixed-effects modelling framework and census data from 2011 to 2014 on 8,548 wild seedlings of 123 species, we quantified habitat preferences of EBL and DBL species during post-disturbance regeneration and how their survival and height relative growth rates varied among habitats. 4. The relative density of DBL seedlings (proportional to all seedlings) was greater in habitats with greater (canopy gaps) compared to habitats with lesser (understorey) insolation and increased with canopy gap size. However, DBL seedlings were not more frequent in higher (valleys) compared to lower (ridges) fertility habitats. Although DBL seedlings exhibited larger differences in growth between higher and lower resource habitats than EBL seedlings, their growth rates did not increase with canopy gap size. Seedlings of EBL species had high survival in all habitats, but larger DBL seedlings survived equally well on ridges. Consequently, the relative density of DBL seedlings declined in valleys, so that by 2014 it became more similar in valley and ridge habitats, whereas it remained higher in gaps than in the understorey, and especially in larger gaps. 5. Synthesis. Specialization on contrasting topographic habitats is considered the primary mechanism mediating coexistence between deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved species. Our results, however, suggest this may not always be true, since seedlings of deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved species partitioned regeneration niches based on light more so than topography. We propose that coexistence of deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broadleaved species can strongly depend upon canopy disturbance to create a mosaic of habitat patches, including high light gaps favouring regeneration of deciduous broad-leaved species.
In forest management in Poland, there are no standards for the quality and suitability for planting seedlings produced in nursery containers; therefore, research contributing to the development of ...such guidelines is important. We investigated the growth reaction of European beech and Norway spruce seedlings growing in container technology one year after planting on an experimental forest plantation. The seedlings used in the study were three experimental variants grown in a container nursery differing in fertilization. Two heights of seedlings were measured, i.e., after the first growing season on the experimental plantation and the initial (obtained in the forest nursery), and the annual (AHI, cm) and relative height increments (RHI, %) were calculated. The regression of the RHI of seedlings to their initial height was calculated, and the equations obtained were used to determine the optimal range of seedling height at the stage of nursery growth at which they will achieve the maximum increment in the first year of growth on the plantation. The change from foliar fertilization to a mixed one affected beech and spruce seedling parameters; however, it did not affect the diversity of their survival on the experimental plantation. Higher seedlings planted on the experimental plantation were characterized by a smaller RHI. The optimal range for the height of seedlings obtained at the nursery stage of growing, which determined the maximum value of the AHI after the first year of growth after planting, was 18–36 cm for beech and 14–25 cm for spruce.
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the size of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) seedlings, of which mainstem is fed by the Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus). We planted 60 seedlings of various ...heights (82-197 cm) in a stand in Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, and observed the feeding of the mainstem for 1 year. We found that of the 15 dead seedlings, only 1 died after the feeding of the mainstem. Among the surviving seedlings, the mainstem of 25 seedlings was fed by hares. The probability of feeding on the mainstem decreased with the increasing size of the seedlings. Regarding the generalized linear model estimation, the probability of feeding on the mainstem was ＜10％ for seedlings with an initial height of ＞140 cm or an initial diameter of ＞15 mm at the height of 60 cm. Therefore, we predict that Chinese fir seedlings are less likely to suffer feeding damage of the mainstem after they grow to be larger than the abovementioned values.
Considerable controversy has arisen over the management of white-tailed deer in eastern landscapes where there is evidence of damage to forest vegetation, crops, and wildlife habitat attributable to ...deer. We examined the impact of 4, 8, 15, and $25\>deer/km^2$ on herbaceous layer abundance and tree seedling density, height development, species composition, and diversity for 10 yr in a repeated-measures randomized-complete-block experiment at four replicate cherry-maple forest sites in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. At each 65-ha site, deer were placed in 13- or 26-ha fenced enclosures in which the landscape composition and forage production of a forest managed on a 100-yr rotation was simulated by clear-cutting 10% of each area and thinning 30%. Vegetation was sampled 0-1, 3, 5, and 10 yr after treatment (YAT). We analyzed vegetative treatment responses separately in each silvicultural treatment. Time was an important factor mediating responses at all deer densities. Rubus spp. abundance in all silvicultural treatments and the density of striped maple (STM) in clearcuts and birch (BI), American beech (AB), and red maple (RM) in thinnings showed negative trends with increasing deer density. As deer density increased, we found negative linear trends in the height of BI, RM, and AB in clearcuts; in the height of AB, RM, and STM in thinnings; and in the height of AB and RM in uncut stands. Species richness showed a negative linear trend with increasing deer density in all silvicultural treatments. Conversely, species avoided by deer or resilient to deer browsing increased with increasing deer density. Percent cover of ferns, grasses, and sedges showed positive linear trends with deer density in clearcuts and in thinnings. The percentage of plots dominated by black cherry (BC) increased with increasing deer density in cut and uncut stands. The net result of increased deer impact was an altered trajectory of vegetation development dominated by species avoided by deer or resilient to deer browsing. Negative effects on vegetation became significant at deer impact levels well below those observed in many eastern forests. Moreover, species not browsed or resilient to browsing may have indirect effects on vegetation development through plant-plant interactions and on wildlife habitat quality for small mammals, birds, and deer. Managing these impacts is important as pressures to harvest and fragment eastern forests accelerate.
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