For the first time, an overview of plant communities in Slovenia is presented according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. In total 588 associations (and some communities classified into higher syntaxa) ...belonging to 51 classes have been registered in Slovenia. Additionally 149 syntaxa are mentioned as registered in the field or in, the literature, but not documented with relevé material. Syntaxonomical classification is based on the "EuroChecklist" and includes also the Slovenian written definition of the high-rank syntaxa.
Prvič je predstavljen pregled vseh rastlinskih združb v Sloveniji razvrščenih po Braun-Blanquetovem principu. Ugotovili smo 577 asociacij (in nekaj združb uvrščenih v višje sintaksone), ki pripadajo 47 vegetacijskim razredom registriranim v Sloveniji. Dodatno smo izpostavili 126 sintaksonov, ki smo jih opazili v naravi ali pa so jih omenili v literaturi, niso pa dokumentirani s popisnim gradivom. Sintaksonomska klasifikacija sledi seznamu "EuroChecklist", zato obenem predstavljamo tudi slovenske definicije višjih sintaksonov.
A total of 546 releves collected in western Bulgaria and referred to Festuco-Brometea were classified into the alliances Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati and ...Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. All releves assigned to alliance Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati were further classified towards lower level which resulted in the description of a new association - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae and two new subassociations added to ass. Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Both associations were ecologically well differentiated on the basis of soil parameters (pH and humus content) as well as some additional factors (exposition, land use, etc.).
V zahodni Bolgariji smo naredili 546 vegetacijskih popisov, ki jih uvrščamo v razred Festuco-Brometea in dalje v zveze Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati in Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. Vse popise, ki smo jih uvrstili v zvezo Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati smo členili na nižje sintaksonomske enote. Opisali smo novo asociacijo - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae in dodali dve novi subasociaciji k asociaciji Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Obe asociaciji sta ekološko jasno ločeni na podlagi talnih parametrov (pH in vsebnost humusa) in nekaterih dodatnih dejavnikov (ekspozicija, raba tal, itd.).
A phytosociological study on the most extensive dry grassland communities of the coastal limestone massif of the Ausoni-Aurunci mountains (southern Latium, central Italy) is here presented. Violo ...pseudogracilis-Koelerietum splendentis ass. nova is restricted to the montane belt of the Aurunci mountains where it is dynamically related to the mesophilous Ostrya carpinifolia or Fagus sylvatica woodlands. Helichryso italici-Brometum erecti ass. nova is found within the upper hilly and submontane belt of both the Ausoni mountains (typical aspect) and the Aurunci mountains (subassociation saturejetosum montanae), where it is dynamically related with termophilous Ostrya carpinifolia woods and mesophilous Quercus ilex woods. Helichryso-Brometum is differentiated from Violo-Koelerietum in that it has a higher incidence of the steno-Mediterranean therophytic component. As far as the higher rank syntaxa are concerned, in this study the following changes were made in accordance with the rules of ICPN: the name Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi et al. 1995 was considered invalid due to the invalidity of its nomenclatural type Asperulo purpureae-Brometum erecti. In contrast, the validity of the old name Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978 was demonstrated and its nomenclatural type, Lavandulo-Asphodelinetum luteae Bonin 1978, was lectotypified. Thus Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978 henceforth substitutes Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti (nom. inval.) as the syntaxonomical reference for the endemic alliance of the hilly and montane limestone dry grasslands of the central and southern Apennines. Cytiso-Bromion is here divided into two suballiances: Sideritidenion italicae Biondi et al. 1995, Phleo ambigui-Bromenion erecti Biondi et al. ex Di Pietro suball. nov. Cytiso-Bromion belong to the new suborder Festuco circummediterraneae-Seslerienalia nitidae (Ubaldi 2003) stat. nov. and to the order Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi ex Mucina & Dengler 2009. New and updated packages of characteristic and differential species for both Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti and its related suballiances are proposed. Furthermore the validity of the name Astragaletum calabrici Giacomini & Gentile ex Bonin 1978, was proved and the association lectotypified. This association, which was previously included in Cytiso-Bromion erecti, is moved into Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici. Finally some interesting coenological and syndynamical similarities with Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia western Dalmatia submediterranean dry pastures are discussed.
Fitocenološka raziskava predstavlja najbolj razširjene združbe suhih travišč obalnega masiva pogorja Ausoni-Aurunci (južni Lazio, osrednja Italija). Violo pseudogracilis-Koelerietum splendentis ass. nova je razširjena samo v montanskem pasu gorovja Aurunci, kjer je v dinamični povezavi z mezofilnimi gozdovi črnega gabra (Ostrya carpinifolia) in gozdovi bukve (Fagus sylvatica). Helichryso italici-Brometum erecti ass. nova najdemo na zgornjem delu gričevnatega in v podgorskem pasu tako gorovja Ausoni (tipični aspekt) in gorovja Aurunci (subasociacija saturejetosum montanae), kjer se dinamično navezuje na termofilne gozdove črnega gabra in mezofilne gozdove črničevja (Quercus ilex). Večji delež stenomediteranskega terofitskega elementa razlikuje asociacijo Helichryso-Brometum od asociacije Violo-Koelerietum. Glede višjih sintaksonov, smo v tem prispevku naredili naslednje spremembe v skladu z mednarodnim kodeksom fitocenološke nomenklature; poimenovanje Phleo ambugui-Bromion erecti Biondi et al. 1995 obravnavamo kot neveljavno, ker je neveljaven nomenklatorni tip Asperulo purpureae-Brometum erecti. Za razliko pa je prikazana veljavnost starega poimenovanja Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978, izbran je tudi nomenklaturni tip in sicer Lavandulo-Asphodeletum luteae Bonin 1978 kot lektotip. Tako poimenovanje Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1979 od sedaj zamenjuje Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti (nom. inval.) kot sintaksonomska oznaka za endemično zvezo suhih travišč na apnencu, ki se pojavlja v gričevnatem in gorskem pasu v osrednjih in južnih Apeninih. Zveza Cytiso-Bromion je razdeljena v dve podzvezi: Sideritidenion italicae Biondi et al. 1995 in Phleo ambigui-Bromenion erecti Biondi et al. ex Di Pietro suball. nova. Zvezo Cytiso-Bromenion uvrščamo v nov podred Festuco-Seslerienalia nitidae Ubaldi 2003 statt. nov. in red Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi ex Mucina & Dengler 2009. Nove in posodobljene so tudi skupine značilnih in razlikovalnih vrst tako za zvezo Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti in podrejeni podzvezi. Poleg tega pa se je poimenovanje asociacije Astragaletum calabrici Giacomini & Gentile ex Bonin 1978 izkazalo za pravilno in je bila asociacija lektotipificirana. Ta asociacija, ki je bila vključena v zvezo Cytiso-Bromion erecti, je bila premeščena v Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici. Na koncu smo obravnavali nekateri zanimive cenološke in sindinamske podobnosti z redom Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia, kamor uvrščamo suhe submediteranske pašnike v zahodni Dalmaciji.
This study focuses on mesic and xeric grasslands of mostly secondary origin, and that are influenced by human activity. Mesic grasslands are traditionally used for hay-making, and xeric ones for ...pastures. Over the last 20 years, livestock farming in Bulgaria has significantly declined so that less grass is needed. Many types of grasslands are no longer used and lots of abandoned fields can be found nowadays in Bulgaria. The analyses in this study are based on 868 releves collected on xeric and mesic grasslands according to the methodological approach of Braun- Blanquet. As a result, five alliances within two classes are recognized: the class Festuco-Brometea, represented by three alliances, namely Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae and Festucion valesiacae, and the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, represented by two alliances, namely Arrhenatherion elatioris and Cynosurion cristati. The majority of the managed grasslands are situated in close proximity to settlements. Most of the abandoned areas (30%) are found within Cirsio-Brachypodion alliance. These grasslands are characterized by the highest values of total cover of vegetation. They are located in the most distant and least accessible areas. If use is not resumed, all the abandoned grasslands will be under threat of extinction in the near future. At the same time, many arable lands have been abandoned and turned into grasslands by the processes of secondary succession.
V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na mezična in kserična travišča večinoma sekundarnega nastanka, ki so pod vplivom človekovih aktivnosti. Mezična travišča se tradicionalno uporabljajo za seno, kserična pa kot pašniki. V Bolgariji je živinoreja v zadnjih 20 letih močno upadla in je potreba po krmi manjša. S številnimi tipi travišč ne gospodarijo več in danes je v Bolgariji moč najti številne opuščene površine. V analizi smo zbrali 868 vegetacijskih popisov kseričnih in mezičnih travišč, narejenih z Braun-Blanquetovo metodo. Uvrstili smo jih v pet zvez in dva razreda: razred Festuco-Brometea, ki ga predstavljajo tri zveze Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Chrysopogono- Danthonion calycinae in Festucion valesiacae in razred Molinio-Arrhenatheretea z dvema zvezama Arrhenatherion elatioris in Cynosurion cristati. Večina vzdrževanih travišč se nahaja v bližini naselij. Večino opuščenih površin (30%) uvrščamo v zvezo Cirsio-Brachypodion in za te travnike je značilno, da imajo največjo skupno pokrovno vrednost in se nahajajo v najbolj oddaljenih, težko dostopnih območjih. Če jih ne bomo ponovno začeli uporabljati, bodo v bližnji prihodnosti izginili. Obenem se opuščajo tudi številne obdelovalne površine, ki se spreminjajo v travnike v procesu sekundarne sukcesije.
The forests of the Tolfa-Ceriti mountains (Latium, central Italy) were investigated through a phytosociological approach. 249 relevés were performed and treated with multivariate analysis. 13 ...woodland communities were identified, of which 7 belong to Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, 1 to Fagetalia sylvaticae, 1 to Populetalia and 4 to Quercetalia ilicis. The thermophilous Turkey oak-forests occurring on the trachytic hills of the Ceriti Mountains and on the flysch substrates of the Tolfa Mountains were included in Rubio peregrinae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova. Quercus cerris and Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa woodland communities of the footslopes have been ascribed to Fraxino oxycarpae-Quercetum cerridis, while the widespread mesophilus Turkey oak forests have been ascribed to Melico-Quercetum cerridis. Cephalantero longifoliae-Quercetum cerridis has been restricted to acid and oligotrophic soils. Quercus petraea woodlands, occurring on trachytic substrates have been described as a new association named Carici olbiensis-Quercetum petraeae ass. nova. All these mixed oak woods have been included in the alliance Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997. The nomenclatural problems concerning the prior name Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi 1988 are also discussed. The beech forests of the higher altitudes have been included in Fraxino orni-Fagetum sylvaticae, while the Alnus glutinosa ravine woodlands have been described as belonging to the new association Polysticho setiferi-Alnetum glutinosae. Secondary communities of Acer monspessulanum and Acer campestre developed on flysch substrates, and of Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo (Erico-Arbutetum unedonis) developed on trachytic substrates, have also been identified. Finally two types of Quercus ilex wood have been identified: Cyclamino repandi-Quercetum ilicis, on sandstones, and the new association Arbuto unedonis-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova on volcanic soils. This latter community can be considered as a coenological and geographical vicariant in central Italy of the sicilian Erico-Quercetum ilicis.
Fitocenološko so bili raziskani gozdovih na pogorju Tolfa-Ceriti (Lacij, osrednja Italija). Izdelano je bilo 249 fitocenoloških popisov, ki so bili obdelani z multivariantimi metodami. Ugotovljenih je bilo 13 gozdnih združb, od katerih jih 7 uvrščamo v red Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, 1 v red Fagetalia sylvaticae, 1 v red Populetalia in 4 v red Quercetalia ilicis. Termofilni cerovi gozdovi, ki jih najdemo v gričevnatem svetu pogorja Ceriti in se razvijejo na flišu v pogorju Tolfa, so vključeni v asociacijo Rubio pereginae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova. Gozdovi cera (Quercus cerris) in ozkolistnega jesena (Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa) na vznožjih so uvrščeni v združbo Fraxino oxycarpae-Quercetum cerridis, medtem ko so široko razširjeni mezofilni cerovi gozdovi uvrščeni v združbo Melico-Quercetum cerridis. Združba Cephalanthero longifoliae-Quercetum cerridis je razširjena le na grušču na kislih in oligotrofnih tleh. Gradnovi gozdovi, ki se pojavljajo na trahičnem substratu, so uvrščeni v novo asociacijo Carici olbiensis-Quercetum petraeae. Vsi obravnavani mešani hrastovi gozdovi so vključeni v zvezo Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997; poleg tega pa obravnavamo tudi starejše ime Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi 1988. Bukove gozdove, ki se pojavljajo na večjih nadmorskih višinah, uvrščamo v združbo Fraxino orni-Fagetum sylvaticae, medtem ko jelševe gozdove, ki jih najdemo po grapah, uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Polysticho setiferi-Alnetum glutinosae. Ugotovili smo tudi sekundarni združbi, in sicer na flišu združbo trokrpega javorja (Acer monspessulanum) in maklena (Acer campestre) ter na trahičnem substratu združbo drevesaste rese (Erica arborea) in jagodičnice (Arbutus unedo) - Erico-Arbutetum unedonis. Ugotovili smo tudi dva tipa gozdov črničevja (Quercus ilex): Cyclamino repandi-Quercetum ilicis na peščenjakih in novo asociacijo Arbuto unedeonis-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova na vulkanskih tleh, ki jo lahko obravnavamo kot cenološko in geografsko vikariantno združbo združbe Erico-Quercetum ilicis, ki jo najdemo na Siciliji.
The present phytosociological study of the eastern Adriatic coastal salt-marsh at Blato, Croatia, is based on the Braun-Blanquet approach. Five plant associations were recorded in the area: Juncetum ...maritimo-acuti, Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae, Scirpetum maritimi, Enteromorpho intestinalidis-Ruppietum maritimae and Cressetum creticae. The association Cressetum creticae was found for the first time in Croatia as well as on the eastern Adriatic coast. This therophytic and halo-nitrophilous association shows a monospecific or paucispecific character and occupies the most haline and the driest parts of the salt-marsh. The association develops during the summer on silty clay substrates with organic matter derived from the decay of plants of the neighboring communities. According to key soil factor analysis no differences of grain size of the soils among the associations were found, while regarding electrical conductivity, Cl
and Na
concentrations were higher in the Cressetum creticae than in any of the others associations. The particular original features of the site regarding its flora and vegetation would justify some measures of protection and management.
Predstavljamo fitocenološko raziskavo obalnega slanega mokrišča Blato (Hrvaška) v vzhodnem Jadranu, ki smo jo naredili po Braun-Blanquetovi metodi. V raziskovanem območju smo zabeležili pet asociacij: Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae, Scirpetum maritimi, Enteromorpho intestinalidis- -Ruppietum maritimae in Cressetum creticae. Asociacija Cressetum cretice je na ozemlju Hrvaške in tudi na vzhodni obali Jadranskega morja opisana prvič. Terofitska in halo-nitrofilna asociacija je monospecifična ima siromašno vrstno sestavo in se pojavlja na najbolj slanih in suhih delih slanišča. Sestoji se razvijajo poleti na glineni podlagi z organsko snovjo, ki jo sestavljajo odmrli rastlinski deli s sosednjih združb. Analiza tal je pokazala, da med asociacijami ni bilo razlik v velikosti talnih delcev, električni konduktivnosti, koncentraciji Cl- in Na+ ionov pa sta bili v asociaciji Cressetum creticae višji kot ostalih asociacijah. Zaradi posebnosti v flori in vegetaciji bi bilo potrebno na preučevanem območju zagotoviti določene mere zaščite in ustrezen način upravljanja.
A list of corrected and typified grassland communities of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 occurring in Serbia was provided. The nomenclature rules of the International Code of ...Phytosociological Nomenclature were strictly followed. Syntaxonomic affiliation of communities to higher syntaxa was assessed according to the existing syntaxonomical schemes for Serbia, i.e. according to the position determined by the original source. Higher syntaxa followed the synsystem of the so-called “EuroVegChecklist”. Since syntaxonomic disagreements concerning a certain plant association’s position within the whole classification system have not been discussed, such a list should serve as the starting point for a further revision of the status of grassland communities in Serbia. So far, a total of 87 plant communities of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea were described for Serbia.
The list provided here will enable more precise and more accurate mapping of vegetation in Serbia, as well as classification of these communities into the Habitat Directive which will enable the establishment of the Red list of Habitats for Serbia.
V članku so predstavljene nomenklaturno popravljene in tipifizirane traviščne združbe razreda Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937, ki se pojavljajo v Srbiji. Dosledno smo upoštevali pravila Mednarodnega kodeksa fitocenološke nomenklature. Sintaksonomsko pripadnost združb višjim sintaksonom smo ohranili glede na obstoječe sintaksonomske sheme v Srbiji oziroma glede na uvrstitev v originalnem viru. Višji sintaksoni sledijo sintaksonomiji po “EuroVegChecklist”. Glede na to, da nismo obravnavali uvrstitve posameznih rastlinskih združb v sintaksonomski sistem, bo ta seznam omogočil sintaksonomsko revizijo traviščnih združb Srbije. Do sedaj je bilo na ozemlju Srbije opisanih 87 rastlinskih združb razreda Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Seznam bo omogočil tudi bolj natančno kartiranje vegetacije Srbije in povezavo teh združb s Habitatno direktivo in izdelavo Rdečega seznama habitatnih tipov Srbije.
We present description of a new class for the high-altitude screes of the Caucasus (the Lamio tomentosi-Chaerophylletea humilis) and two alliances such as the Scrophulario minimae-Symphyolomion ...graveolentis (Chaerophylletalia humilis, Lamio tomentosi-Chaerophylletea humilis) and the Scrophulario variegatae-Epilobion dodonaei (Epilobietalia fleischeri, Thlaspietea rotundifolii).
V članku predstavljamo opis novega razreda na visoko ležečih meliščih na Kavkazu (Lamio tomentosi-Lamietea tomentosi) in dveh zvez − Scrophulario minimae-Symphyolomion graveolentis (Chaerophylletalia humilis, Lamio tomentosi- -Chaerophylletea humilis) in Scrophulario variegatae-Epilobion dodonaei (Epilobietalia fleischeri, Thlaspietea rotundifolii).
A recently completed project on the Natura 2000 sites of Prespa National Park revealed that the area hosts 49 habitat types according to the EU classification, of which eight have a narrowly ...restricted distribution in Greece. The priority habitat type “*6260 Pannonic sand steppes” is reported here for the first time for Greece. The new locality represents its southernmost occurrence on the Balkan Peninsula. The aim of this paper therefore is to describe the Greek stands of this habitat type, investigate the factors affecting its occurrence and discuss the associated conservation issues. This is based on a total of 87 releves sampled for this study and 8 additional releves from the literature. The releves were classified by applying TWINSPAN and ordinated using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Six vegetation units could be distinguished. One of these corresponds to the habitat type *6260 and was found exclusively on inland sand dunes. Syntaxonomically, we assigned this unit to the alliance Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri s.l. of the class Koelerio-Corynephoretea. Its occurrence in the study area seems to be determined by climatic factors, as well as by the sandy substrate, while anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also appear to be beneficial to some degree. Apart from the Koelerio-Corynephoretea, another five grassland classes were distinguished in the national park, namely the Thero-Brachypodietea, Stellarietea mediae, Festuco-Brometea, Daphno-Festucetea and Juncetea trifidi.
Nedavno končani projekt o območjih Natura 2000 v Narodnem parku Prespa je pokazal, da je na območju po EU klasifikaciji 49 habitatnih tipov, od katerih jih je osem z ozko razširjenostjo v Grčiji. Pojavljanje prednostnega habitata “*6260 Panonske stepe na peščenih tleh” v Grčiji objavljamo prvič. Nova lokacija predstavlja najjužnejše pojavljanje na Balkanskem polotoku. Namen članka je opisati sestoje tega habitatnega tipa v Grčiji, preučiti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na njegovo pojavljanje in razpravljati o vprašanjih, povezanih z njegovim ohranjanjem. Raziskava temelji na 87 vegetacijskih popisih in 8 dodatnih popisih iz literature. Popise smo numerično obdelali s pomočjo TWINSPAN klasifikacije in z uporabo korespondenčne analize z odstranjenim trendom (DCA). Ločili smo šest vegetacijskih enot. Ena ustreza habitatnemu tipu in smo jo našli le na celinskih peščenih sipinah. Sintaksonomsko smo jo uvrstili v zvezo Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri s.l. in razred Koelerio-Corynephoretea. Njeno pojavljanje v preučevanem območju je pogojeno s klimatskimi dejavniki in peščeno podlago, antropogene motnje, kot na primer paša, pa do neke mere nanjo vplivajo pozitivno. Poleg travišč razreda Koelerio-Corynephoretea smo v parku našli še pet travišč iz razredov Thero-Brachypodietea, Stellarietea mediae, Festuco-Brometea, Daphno-Festucetea in Juncetea trifidi.
The present paper describes the floristic composition and synecology of steppe-like dry grasslands occurring in a Natura 2000 site in North-Central Greece around the two karstic lakes of Vegoritida ...and Petron. In total, 245 releves of vascular plant species composition and abundance were sampled and subjected to cluster analysis and ordination analysis. Passive explanatory variables, including environmental parameters as well as indicator values, were used to support the ecological interpretation. Four plant communities were distinguished in the area, namely Artemisia campestris-Dasypyrum villosum, Chrysopogon gryllus-Bothriochloa ischaemum, Satureja montana-Artemisia alba and Stipa capillata-Koeleria macrantha. All communities were classified within the Festuco-Brometea class and the Astragalo-Potentilletalia order. Soil properties (soil reaction, moisture and nutrient content) and meso-climate factors (temperature variation along topographic gradients) were identified as the main factors determining the floristic differentiation among the four communities.
The dry grasslands harbor a number of species associated with steppic habitats. We discuss the relict character of the steppe-like vegetation.
V članku opisujemo floristično sestavo in sinekologijo stepi podobnih suhih travišč, ki se pojavljajo v Natura 2000 območju v severni centralni Grčiji okoli dveh kraških jezer Vegoritida in Petron. Vzorčili smo 245 vegetacijskih popisov in jih analizirali s klastrsko in ordinacijsko analizo. Rastišče smo interpretirali s pasivnimi pojasnjevalnimi spremenljivkami, kamor smo vključili okoljske spremenljivke in indikatorske vrednosti. Na raziskovanem območju smo ločili štiri rastlinske združbe: Artemisia campestris-Dasypyrum villosum, Chrysopogon gryllus-Bothriochloa ischaemum, Satureja montana-Artemisia alba in Stipa capillata-Koeleria macrantha. Vse združbe smo uvrstili v razred Festuco-Brometea in red Astragalo-Potentilletalia. Lastnosti tal (reakcija tal) in mezo klimatski dejavniki (spreminjanje temperature vzdolž topografskih gradientov) so glavni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na floristične razlike med štirimi rastlinskimi združbami.
V suhih traviščih najdemo številne vrste stepskih habitatov. V članku razpravljamo o reliktnem značaju stepi podobne vegetacije.
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