Smile Management Bohluli, Behnam; Keyhan, Seied Omid; Saadoun, André P. ...
The Dental clinics of North America,
July 2022, 2022-07-00, Volume:
66, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Smile design is an ongoing challenge in both dentistry and facial cosmetics surgery. Herein, some very common smile design scenarios are shared with six world known masters. Each case will be ...reviewed by 2 cosmetic dentists, 2 periodontists, and 2 oral and maxillofacial surgeons. At the end, contributors will describe current advances and future prospects of this evolving field.
Botulinum Toxin and Smile Design Polo, Mario
The Dental clinics of North America,
July 2022, 2022-07-00, 20220701, Volume:
66, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Smiles with excessive gingival display exceeding 3 mm are considered unattractive. Excessive muscular contraction of lip elevator muscles is the etiology in most cases, and other factors, such as ...excessive vertical dimension of the maxilla and altered passive dental eruption resulting in the presence of excessive gingival tissue, account for the etiologic factors in others. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) blocks muscular contraction by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine in muscles’ endplates. The author has proven BTX-A to be an effective treatment alternative for the correction of these conditions affecting smile esthetics. This article explains how this is accomplished.
Smile Management: A Discussion with the Masters Bohluli, Behnam; Keyhan, Seied Omid; Saadoun, André P ...
The Dental clinics of North America,
07/2022, Volume:
66, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Smile design is an ongoing challenge in both dentistry and facial cosmetics surgery. Herein, some very common smile design scenarios are shared with six world known masters. Each case will be ...reviewed by 2 cosmetic dentists, 2 periodontists, and 2 oral and maxillofacial surgeons. At the end, contributors will describe current advances and future prospects of this evolving field.
The multi variate mixture dynamics model is a tractable, dynamical, arbitrage-free multivariate model characterized by transparency on the dependence structure, since closed form formulae for ...terminal correlations, average correlations and copula function are available. It also allows for complete decorrelation between assets and instantaneous variances. Each single asset is modelled according to a lognormal mixture dynamics model, and this univariate version is widely used in the industry due to its flexibility and accuracy. The same property holds for the multivariate process of all assets, whose density is a mixture of multivariate basic densities. This allows for consistency of single asset and index/portfolio smile. In this paper, we generalize the MVMD model by introducing shifted dynamics and we propose a definition of implied correlation under this model. We investigate whether the model is able to consistently reproduce the implied volatility of FX cross rates once the single components are calibrated to univariate shifted lognormal mixture dynamics models. We consider in particular the case of the Chinese Renminbi FX rate, showing that the shifted MVMD model correctly recovers the CNY/EUR smile given the EUR/USD smile and the USD/CNY smile, thus highlighting that the model can also work as an arbitrage free volatility smile extrapolation tool for cross currencies that may not be liquid or fully observable. We compare the performance of the shifted MVMD model in terms of implied correlation with those of the shifted simply correlated mixture dynamics model where the dynamics of the single assets are connected naively by introducing correlation among their Brownian motions. Finally, we introduce a model with uncertain volatilities and correlation. The Markovian projection of this model is a generalization of the shifted MVMD model.
This study aimed to develop and validate evaluation metric for an automated smile classification model termed the “smile index.” This innovative model uses computational methods to numerically ...classify and analyze conventional smile types.
The datasets used in this study consisted of 300 images to verify, 150 images to validate, and 9 images to test the evaluation metric. Images were annotated using Labelme. Computational techniques were used to calculate smile index values for the study datasets, and the resulting values were evaluated in three stages.
The smile index successfully classified smile types using cutoff values of 0.0285 and 0.193. High accuracy (0.933) was achieved, along with an F1 score greater than 0.09. The smile index successfully reclassified smiles into six types (low, low-to-medium, medium, medium-to-high, high, and extremely high smiles), thereby providing a clear distinction among different smile characteristics.
The smile index is a novel dimensionless parameter for classifying smile types. The index acts as a robust evaluation tool for artificial intelligence models that automatically classify smile types, thereby providing a scientific basis for largely subjective aesthetic elements.
The computational approach employed by the smile index enables quantitative numerical classification of smile types. This fosters the application of computerized methods in quantifying and analyzing real smile characteristics observed in clinical practice, paving the way for a more objective evidence-based approach to aesthetic dentistry.
•Cyclotorsion compensation with manual limbal marking aids in aligning surgical position in SMILE procedures.•These methods are less effective than expected for correcting myopic astigmatism with ...controlled surgical position.•Inherent errors in cyclotorsion compensation and subjective refraction are more significant than cyclotorsion error itself.
To compare the astigmatic correction outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery with or without two different cyclotorsion compensation methods.
This is a prospective randomized clinical trial. Patients with myopic astigmatism that underwent SMILE surgery were randomly divided into static cyclotorsion compensated group (SCC group), slit-lamp group and control group. In the SCC and slit-lamp groups, the intraoperative cyclotorsion was manually compensated with different limbal marking methods. In the control group, the cyclotorsion was not compensated. Visual acuity and manifest refraction were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Astigmatic outcomes were estimated with vector analysis.
A total of 94 eyes from 94 patients were analyzed postoperatively at the 3-month follow-up. Their mean preoperative cylinder was -1.56±0.86 D (range: -4.25 to -0.25 D). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -5.95±1.72 D (range: -10.50 to -2.75 D). All groups showed favorable results in the correction of myopic astigmatism. No statistically differences were found among three groups in postoperative visual acuity, refractive outcomes or vector parameters.
Cyclotorsion compensation with two different manual limbal marking methods was helpful in aligning the surgical position in SMILE, but it was not as effective as expected for the correction of myopic astigmatism under well controlled surgical positioning.
A meta-analysis was conducted to compare perceptions of Duchenne smiles, smiles that include activation of the cheek raiser muscle that creates crow's feet around the eyes, with perceptions of ...non-Duchenne smiles, smiles without cheek raiser activation. In addition to testing the overall effect, moderator analyses were conducted to test how methodological, stimulus-specific and perceiver-specific differences between studies predicted the overall effect size. The meta-analysis found that, overall, Duchenne smiles and people producing Duchenne smiles are rated more positively (i.e., authentic, genuine, real, attractive, trustworthy) than non-Duchenne smiles and people producing non-Duchenne smiles. The difference between Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles was greater when the stimuli were videos rather than photographs, when smiles were elicited naturally rather than through posing paradigms and when Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles were not matched for intensity of the lip corner puller in addition to other perceiver and methodological moderators.
Smile Analysis Sabbah, Ahmed
The Dental clinics of North America,
July 2022, 2022-07-00, Volume:
66, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Smile design is defined as the process of creating an esthetic smile based on scientific and artistic guidelines established through studies, perception, and cultural and racial standards that have ...been recognized over time. Smile design is a dynamic field with evolving trends that take into consideration: facial esthetics, lip dynamics, pink and white esthetics, and personality. Traditional smile design focused on the orodental complex. Modern smile designers must have a global understanding of the entire patient to design the perfect smile.
For the upcoming European Space agency (ESA)/Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) SMILE mission, launching in 2025, large-format soft X-ray optimised CCDs have been manufactured by Teledyne e2v, named ...the CCD370. The CCDs are approximately 8 cm × 8 cm and are comprised of 4510 × 4510 18 μm pitch pixels, with a store shield covering approximately 1/7th of the active imaging area to facilitate frame-transfer operation mode. To optimise quantum efficiency within the soft X-ray energy band, the device is 16 μm thick, back illuminated, and has an additional back surface passivation process. The focal plane of the soft X-ray imager (SXI) on the SMILE spacecraft will be comprised of 2 CCD370s, operating with 6 × 6 on-chip binning to mitigate against CTI-induced charge transfer losses and charge spreading throughout the 3-year mission lifetime.
As part of the pre-flight testing and calibration, a CCD370 was characterised at the PTB beamline at the BESSY 2 synchrotron in Berlin, and key metrics such as quantum efficiency and energy resolution in the 0.2–1.8 keV energy band were assessed. The quantum efficiency measurements show expected performance within specification for the instrument, and also match a transmission-layer QE model. The energy resolution is 68 ± 2 eV FWHM @ 1.2 keV, which is an improvement over the current generation of X-ray telescopes such as XMM-Newton, Chandra, and the Swift X-ray Telescope. Although competing technologies such as DEPFETs and scientific CMOS image sensors now have similar performance to CCDs, the performance shown here can still easily satisfy requirements for novel X-ray instruments, and can still be useful in future astronomy missions given the rich heritage, high technology-readiness-level, and maturity of the technology.
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