Un críptico a la vez que sugerente título invita a conocer los resultados de la larga y compleja exploración emprendida por Aäron Moszowski Van Loon, cuyo propósito original, analizar la obra de ...Michael Taussig, lo llevó a reflexionar sobre la antropología contemporánea por "una senda que conecta elementos heterogéneos -antropólogos, conceptos, disciplinas, libros, lugares, problemas- sin limitar de antemano su forma o su tamaño" (p. 21). Originalmente, los resultados de esta travesía intelectual quedaron plasmados en la tesis de doctorado en filosofía de la ciencia que Moszowski presentó en 2015, bajo la supervisión del comité de tesis integrado por José Luis Vera Cortés, Andrés Medina Hernández y Witold Jacorzynski, que en 2016 obtuvo mención honorífica en el Premio Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, en la categoría de tesis en el área de etnología y antropología social.
This study investigates how gamified customer benefits (epistemic, social integrative, and personal integrative) and customer characteristics (age and experience) influence marketing outcomes, ...behavioral engagement and purchase, in exercise context. Using a unique data set of exercise and purchase history created by 5072 smartphone users over three years in South Korea, this study finds that although all three customer benefits are positively associated with marketing outcomes, personal and social integrative benefits are the best predictors for engagement and purchase, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of gamified customer benefits on marketing outcomes vary by age and experience, showing the importance of epistemic and personal integrative benefits to older and less experienced customers and social integrative benefits to younger and experienced customers. This study not only explores the long-term effects of gamification on behavioral outcomes but also examines the feasibility of successfully implementing the gamification benefit proposition strategy for superior marketing outcomes.
•Investigates air transport demand on global, regional, national and individual scales.•Estimates that only 2% to 4% of global population flew internationally in 2018.•Finds that 1% of world ...population emits 50% of CO2 from commercial aviation.•Suggests that emissions from private air travel can amount to 7,500 t CO2 per year.•Affirms that current climate policy regime for aviation is inadequate.
Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, global air transport demand was expected to triple between 2020 and 2050. The pandemic, which reduced global air travel significantly, provides an opportunity to discuss the scale, distribution and growth of aviation until 2018, also with a view to consider the climate change implications of a return to volume growth. Industry statistics, data provided by supranational organizations, and national surveys are evaluated to develop a pre-pandemic understanding of air transport demand at global, regional, national and individual scales. Results suggest that the share of the world’s population travelling by air in 2018 was 11%, with at most 4% taking international flights. Data also supports that a minor share of air travelers is responsible for a large share of warming: The percentile of the most frequent fliers – at most 1% of the world population - likely accounts for more than half of the total emissions from passenger air travel. Individual users of private aircraft can contribute to emissions of up to 7,500 t CO2 per year. Findings are specifically relevant with regard to the insight that a large share of global aviation emissions is not covered by policy agreements.
STORY OF COHESION Zachar Podolinská, Tatiana; Popelková, Katarína
09/2023
eBook
Open access
This book is a contribution to the anthropology of academic institutions in Central Europe from the latter half of the 20th century until nowadays. On the background of longue durée processes and ...profound political, ideological, and economic transformations, the book displays the micro-temporalities in the life of the Institute of Ethnology and Social anthropology within the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The book offers critically self-reflective combination of the anthropological perspective, historical ethnography, and memory studies. Besides using the archive, printed and electronic sources, the Authors also conducted comprehensive qualitative research among the members of the Institute to capture imprints of the internalised (hi)stories, attitudes, feelings, and emotions. Using qualitative ethnography, the Authors also pictured the intimate atmosphere and very nature of the Institute as a living organism during the socialist, post-socialist, and post- transitional era. Tracing the internal history of the Institute based on the generations of Founders and Builders, and the Transformation and Innovation generations, the Authors discovered that what is essential in the success of the Institute is a strong positive auto-narrative of internal cohesion and team support, transmitted from one generation to another as a precious legacy.
Abstract Background To understand how local ecological knowledge changes and adapts, here in the case of the recent introduction of plant species, we report the knowledge and perceptions of the ...Ndjuka (Maroon) of French Guiana concerning two tree species, Acacia mangium and niaouli ( Melaleuca quinquenervia ), which are categorized as “invasive alien plants” in the savannas of their territory. Methods To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and July 2022, using a pre-designed questionnaire, plant samples and photographs. The uses, local ecological knowledge, and representations of these species were surveyed among populations of Maroon origin in western French Guiana. All responses to closed questions collected during the field survey were compiled into an Excel spreadsheet in order to perform quantitative analyses, including the calculation of use reports (URs). Results It appears that the local populations have integrated these two plant species, which are named, used and even traded, into their knowledge systems. On the other hand, neither foreignness nor invasiveness seem to be relevant concepts in the perspective of the informants. The usefulness of these plants is the determining factor of their integration into the Ndjuka medicinal flora, thus resulting in the adaptation of their local ecological knowledge. Conclusion In addition to highlighting the need for the integration of the discourse of local stakeholders into the management of "invasive alien species,” this study also allows us to observe the forms of adaptation that are set in motion by the arrival of a new species, particularly within populations that are themselves the result of recent migrations. Our results furthermore indicate that such adaptations of local ecological knowledge can occur very quickly.
The knowledge, values, and practices of Indigenous peoples and local communities offer ways to understand and better address social-environmental problems. The article reviews the state of the ...literature on this topic by focusing on six pathways by which Indigenous peoples and local communities engage with management of and relationships to nature. These are (
a
) undertaking territorial management practices and customary governance, (
b
) contributing to nature conservation and restoration efforts with regional to global implications, (
c
) co-constructing knowledge for assessments and monitoring, (
d
) countering the drivers of unsustainable resource use and resisting environmental injustices, (
e
) playing key roles in environmental governance across scales, and (
f
) offering alternative conceptualizations of the interrelations between people and nature. The review shows that through these pathways Indigenous peoples and local communities are making significant contributions to managing the health of local and regional ecosystems, to producing knowledge based in diverse values of nature, confronting societal pressures and environmental burdens, and leading and partnering in environmental governance. These contributions have local to global implications but have yet to be fully recognized in conservation and development polices, and by society at large.
A familiar story about the evolution of alphabets is that individual letters originated in iconic representations of real things. Over time, these naturalistic pictures became simplified into ...abstract forms. Thus, the iconic ox's head of Egyptian hieroglyphics transformed into the Phoenician and eventually the Roman letter A. In this vein, attempts to theorize the evolution of writing have tended to propose variations on a model of unilinear and unidirectional progression. According to this progressivist formula, pictorial scripts will tend to become more schematic while their systems will target smaller linguistic units. Objections to this theory point to absent, fragmentary, or contrary paleographic evidence, especially for predicted transitions in the underlying grammatical systems of writing. However, the forms of individual signs, such as the letter A, are nonetheless observed to change incrementally over time. We claim that such changes are predictable and that scripts will in fact become visually simpler in the course of their use, a hypothesis regularly confirmed in transmission chain experiments that use graphic stimuli. To test the wider validity of this finding, we turn to the Vai script of Liberia, a syllabic writing system invented in relative isolation by nonliterates in ca. 1833. Unlike the earliest systems of the ancient world, Vai has the advantage of having been systematically documented from its earliest beginnings until the present day. Using established methods for quantifying visual complexity, we find that the Vai script has become increasingly compressed over the first 171 years of its history, complementing earlier claims and partial evidence that similar processes were at work in early writing systems. As predicted, letters simplified to a greater extent when their initial complexity was higher.
In Europe as elsewhere around the world, sustainable food is a pressing concern. As we write this introduction, diverse socio-economic actors operating in increasingly complex and challenging ...contexts are experiencing new vulnerabilities caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, energy crisis, and war in Ukraine. European media report startling increases in food poverty, with an additional 200 million people confronting acute food insecurity since the Covid-19 pandemic began (Harvey 2022). Philanthropic organisations rush to open new food banks and parents report cutting back on food consumption, while the multinational corporations that control 70-90% of the global grain trade have made a “record bonanza” since the Ukraine war began (Harvey 2022, Lawson 2022, Yucel 2022). Many agree that we need radical change to make food provisioning more sustainable. In the words of the United Nations, “Everyone, everywhere must take action and work together to transform the way the world produces, consumes, and thinks about food” (UN, n.d.).
This special issue of kritisk etnografi speaks directly to this daunting scenario. With contributions grounded in first-hand ethnographic observation of diverse European contexts, we consider our positioning in food provisioning systems: not only where we are and where we need to go, but what is at hand to make the change, what works and what is stunted in its striving – often by sociocultural considerations that rarely enter dominant sustainability agendas. Anthropological research on food provisioning is seldom spotlighted at international summits or featured in major news stories, yet ethnographers know a great deal about “the way the world produces, consumes, and thinks about food” (UN, n.d.), including which action is (or is not) congenial to “transforming” foodways in specific contexts and among specific people (e.g., Barnard 2016; Grasseni 2013, 2020; Pilgeram 2011; Rissing 2019). Our ethnographic insights on “sustainable food” in Europe examine skill in relation to food production, distribution, and consumption. If change is what is needed for Europe and the world to achieve sustainable foodways, then skills to support that change must be developed.
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