Tax incentives are closely related to employees' income. The relationship between tax incentives and firm social insurance contributions is underexplored in existing literature. We construct a ...theoretical model to portray the impact of tax incentives on firm social security contributions and use China's accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets (AD reform) to test it empirically. We find that the tax incentives effectively increase the social security contributions of firms. This effect is more pronounced in large firms, firms with high capital intensity, firms with strong bargaining power of employees, and firms with social security contributions levied by the social security department. Moreover, the AD reform promotes improvements in firm productivity and performance by increasing investment in machinery and equipment, increasing the rents shared by firms with employees, and thus indirectly boosting firms' social security contributions. Overall, Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of rent-sharing between firms and employees, as well as enhancing our understanding of the effective incidence of taxes in less developed regions.
•We investigated how tax incentives affect firm social insurance contributions.•China's accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets allows us to run a difference-in-differences regression.•Tax incentives have a significant and positive effect on firm social insurance contributions.•The indirect improvement effect of rent sharing between firms and employees is the channel through which tax incentives affect firm social insurance contributions.•The effect varies across firm characteristics.
The article is aimed at researching the current tendencies of social insurance and their influence on the development of insurance protection in Ukraine. It is determined that the existing system ...(model) of social insurance in Ukraine belongs to the social-democratic, which presupposes active participation of the State in social security and social insurance and, unlike similar systems in other countries, is State-operated. The current status is researched and tendencies of development of social insurance both abroad and in Ukraine are defined. It is determined that the social insurance system established in Ukraine is insufficiently effective, informationally closed, opaque and poorly controlled, which leads to large-scale abuses. It is emphasized that among the measures to improve the system of social insurance in Ukraine public-private partnership is quite weighty, able to ensure the attraction of additional financial resources to the system. The author suggests reform of social insurance in general and of the pension system in particular by intensifying development of the third level of pension provision, based on the non-State pension funds and the combination of opportunities of both social and personal (commercial) insurance for the implementation of pension and health insurance.
This study examines the causal effects of having a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) branch on the coverage of labour contracts and social insurance among employees in private enterprises. Using a ...regression discontinuity design in a quasi-experimental framework, we find that having a Party branch has a significant effect on the coverage rates of individual and collective labour contracts as well as five social insurance schemes. The positive effect of having a Party branch on contract and social insurance coverage are weaker when the enterprise also has a trade union and staff representative congress, when the entrepreneur is a member of the CCP or the People's Congress or Political Consultative Conference and in provinces in which government intervention is lower or the private sector more developed. We find that firm-level mean wages and spending on training and occupational health and safety mediate the relationship between having a Party branch and labour rights.
•This study examines the causal effects of having a Chinese Communist Party branch on the coverage of labour contracts and social insurance•Having a Party branch has a significant effect on the coverage rates of labour contracts as well as five social insurance schemes•The positive effect of having a Party branch on labour rights provision and protection is heterogeneous
The FREEDOM (Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease) trial demonstrated that for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and ...multivessel coronary disease (MVD), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is superior to percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents (PCI-DES) in reducing the rate of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after a median follow-up of 3.8 years. It is not known, however, whether CABG confers a survival benefit after an extended follow-up period.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival of DM patients with MVD undergoing coronary revascularization in the FREEDOM trial.
The FREEDOM trial randomized 1,900 patients with DM and MVD to undergo either PCI with sirolimus-eluting or paclitaxel-eluting stents or CABG on a background of optimal medical therapy. After completion of the trial, enrolling centers and patients were invited to participate in the FREEDOM Follow-On study. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for subgroup and multivariate analyses.
A total of 25 centers (of 140 original centers) agreed to participate in the FREEDOM Follow-On study and contributed a total of 943 patients (49.6% of the original cohort) with a median follow-up of 7.5 years (range 0 to 13.2 years). Of the 1,900 patients, there were 314 deaths during the entire follow-up period (204 deaths in the original trial and 110 deaths in the FREEDOM Follow-On). The all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the PCI-DES group than in the CABG group (24.3% 159 deaths vs. 18.3% 112 deaths; hazard ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.74; p = 0.01). Of the 943 patients with extended follow-up, the all-cause mortality rate was 23.7% (99 deaths) in the PCI-DES group and 18.7% (72 deaths) in the CABG group (hazard ratio: 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.97 to 1.78; p = 0.076).
In patients with DM and MVD, coronary revascularization with CABG leads to lower all-cause mortality than with PCI-DES in long-term follow-up. (Comparison of Two Treatments for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Individuals With Diabetes FREEDOM; NCT00086450).
Introduction How cognitive abilities affect financial and economic decision is an important issue that has attracted the attention of economics. Method This paper uses the China Family Panel Studies ...(CFPS) 2010, 2014, and 2018 survey data to empirically test the impact of cognitive skills on the insurance participation decisions in rural China. Results and discussion The results show that higher word ability is correlated to higher social health insurance participation and both word and math ability leads to higher social pension participation. Mechanism analysis reveals that individuals with higher cognitive skills are more likely to be affected by peers in insurance decision, and higher cognitive skills increase personal income that enables them to enroll in the social insurance. Further investigation of labor supply behavior suggests that while cognitive skills positively affect non-agricultural labor participation, cognitive skills amplify the negative effect of social security on labor supply.
Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar el coste hospitalario de una muestra de casos atendidos en siete hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud de diferentes ciudades españolas. Método: Estudio basado en 78 ...casos de enfermedad profesional reconocida por la Seguridad Social, atendidos en centros hospitalarios de Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid y Vigo entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: La actividad asistencial generada en estos hospitales para atender estos procesos supuso un coste total para el Sistema Nacional de Salud de 282.927 €. Conclusiones: Urge mejorar la coordinación entre los dos sistemas públicos de salud: la asistencia sanitaria de la Seguridad Social y el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Abstract: Objective: To estimate the hospital cost of a sample of cases treated in seven hospitals of the National Health System in several Spanish cities. Method: Study based on 78 cases of occupational disease recognized by the social security, and previously treated in hospitals in Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid and Vigo between 2017 and 2019. Results: The healthcare activity generated by these hospitals to attend these processes involved a total cost of 282,927€. Conclusions: It is urgent to improve the coordination between the two public health systems, the social security health care system and the National Health System.
This paper examines the effect of declined social insurance contribution rate on total factor productivity. Taking listed companies in China as observation samples, we show a positive association ...between the social security payment rate decrease and total factor productivity. Further, we find that financing constraints play a strengthening role in diminishing social insurance contribution rate to increase firm productivity, and the effect is more pronounced for companies with higher financing constraints. This results also suggest that the reduction of social insurance contribution rate on the change of total factor productivity varies from different regions, ownership and industries, among which the central and western regions, state-owned enterprises and manufacturing enterprises have a relatively stronger effect on the improvement of productivity. Our study empirically tests the policy effect of lowering the social insurance contribution rate, and provides important implications related to the government formulating the phased social insurance fee reduction policy.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore and prioritize the factors that determine the social insurance contribution of unorganized workers.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-stage procedure ...was adopted to recognize and prioritize factors influencing the social insurance participation of unorganized workers: first, crucial factors influencing unorganized workers’ contribution towards social insurance were identified by employing exploratory factor analysis, and in the second phase, the fuzzy analytical hierarchal process was applied to rank the specified criteria and then sub-criteria by assigning weights.
Findings
Four broad factors were identified, namely, economic, political, operational and socio-psychological, that significantly influence unorganized workers’ contribution towards social insurance. Later findings revealed that the prime influencer of unorganized workers’ contribution is employment contracts followed by average earnings, delivery of quality services, eligibility and accessibility.
Practical implications
The research findings are feasible as the basic propositions are based on real-world scenario. The identification and ranking of factors have the potential to be used as a checklist for policymakers when designing pension and social insurance for unorganized workers. If it is not possible to consider all, the criteria and sub-criteria assigned upper rank can be given priority to extend pension coverage for a large group of working poor.
Social implications
The key factors driving social insurance contributions have been highlighted by studying the stakeholders’ perceptions at a micro level. By comprehending the challenges, there is a possibility of covering a large section of the working poor into social insurance coverage.
Originality/value
This paper is believed to be one of its kinds to acknowledge a combination of factors that determine the contribution of unorganized workers to social insurance. This study is an empirical investigation to prioritize the essential drivers of social insurance participation by low-income cohorts in the context of emerging countries. The present approach of employing fuzzy logic has also very limited use in social insurance literature yet.
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