This paper addresses the question of whether self-esteem affects women's intra-household bargaining power by using the National Survey on Women's Social Status of China (NSWSS). While providing a ...conceptual framework, the study employs econometric models to show that self-esteem positively affects women's intra-household bargaining power. The analyses, using an instrument-variable approach, and using different indicators of household bargaining power, further collaborate the robustness of our conclusion. Overall, the empirical study provides important insights on future academic research and policy measures in women's empowerment.
•Customers at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) tend to participate in aspirational consumption.•The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on aspirational consumption in ...BOP contexts.•This synthesis demonstrates factors driving aspirational consumption and the consequences of aspirational consumption in BOP contexts.•This study also suggests some insightful directions for further research in this area.
Customers at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) desire to use the same products as affluent consumers. Thus, BOP customers tend to participate in aspirational consumption. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review and to synthesise the literature on aspirational consumption in BOP contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of it. Among other findings, this review synthesises factors that drive aspirational consumption and the consequences of aspirational consumption in BOP contexts. This study also suggests insightful directions for further research on aspirational consumption in BOP contexts. Our study advances BOP and consumer behaviour literature by examining an emergent domain of aspirational consumption at the BOP. Our study also outlines some insightful practical and social implications.
Drawing on social identity development theory, this study investigated a socioeconomically diverse sample of 8‐ to 12‐year‐old US children's (N = 93) subjective social status (SSS), how they ...determined and identified with their SSS, and whether their own SSS related to their social preferences for individuals from other SSS groups. Children primarily referenced material resources, lifestyles, money, and relative comparisons when explaining how they determined their SSS. Although all children identified with their SSS ingroup and viewed it positively, higher‐SSS children reported stronger identification with their SSS ingroup than did middle‐SSS children. Finally, regardless of their own SSS, children liked higher‐SSS individuals less, on average, than middle‐ or lower‐SSS individuals. Overall, this study provides novel evidence for the emergence of SSS identity in late childhood and its early relations to SSS intergroup preferences.
•Children used social category membership in their nationality and person judgments.•Children chose light-skinned, Hindu, and local-language speakers as “more Indian”.•In a novel task we manipulated ...skin tone to assess colorism.•Language and accent influenced judgments of leadership, intelligence, and warmth.•Children’s leadership choices highlight status inferences based on language cues.
The present research assessed 5- to 10-year-old Indian children’s attention to social category information and status when evaluating the nationality and characteristics of novel individuals. In Study 1, children chose which of two targets was “more Indian” (with the option to choose “both”). Targets varied on three social dimensions: Skin Tone (White, Lighter-skinned South Asian, Darker-skinned South Asian), Religion (Hindu, Muslim), and Language (Tamil local state language, Hindi India’s lingua franca, British-accented-English, Indian-accented-English). Children reliably chose Lighter-skinned South Asian, Hindu, and Tamil-speaking targets as more Indian. In Study 2, focusing on the language contrasts from Study 1, we replicated our nationality findings and extended them to person judgments (kindness, intelligence, and leadership). Children chose Tamil speakers as more “Indian,” and “kind,” Tamil and British-accented-English speakers as more “intelligent,” and British-accented-English speakers as “better leaders.” Children’s responses reflected attention to markers of social familiarity, representativeness, and status.
We propose a self-regulation model of grandiose narcissism. This model illustrates an interconnected set of processes through which narcissists (i.e., individuals with relatively high levels of ...grandiose narcissism) pursue social status in their moment-by-moment transactions with their environments. The model shows that narcissists select situations that afford status. Narcissists vigilantly attend to cues related to the status they and others have in these situations and, on the basis of these perceived cues, appraise whether they can elevate their status or reduce the status of others. Narcissists engage in self-promotion (admiration pathway) or other-derogation (rivalry pathway) in accordance with these appraisals. Each pathway has unique consequences for how narcissists are perceived by others, thus shaping their social status over time. The model demonstrates how narcissism manifests itself as a stable and consistent cluster of behaviors in pursuit of social status and how it develops and maintains itself over time. More broadly, the model might offer useful insights for future process models of other personality traits.
Abstract
Recent scholarship on mobility has increasingly incorporated wealth. We ask if wealth brings anything new to mobility research or is just a standard socioeconomic status (SES) dimension in ...disguise. We exploit Swedish administrative registers, which contain rich SES measures over individuals’ lives for both parents’ and children’s generations. Using sibling correlations to estimate a baseline of shared family background influence, we then perform a total decomposition for each SES dimension and their overlaps. We find that wealth is a distinct dimension of SES that is very different from education, occupation, and income. Parental wealth cannot be substituted for other SES dimensions in understanding child’s wealth attainment. Moreover, parental wealth substantially moderates intergenerational reproduction in other dimensions: The wealthiest have higher reproduction rates in all child outcomes, but in particular for children’s income and wealth. Excluding wealth leads to underestimating intergenerational inequality, aggravated by its qualitatively unique status as an SES resource. We conclude that—alongside the SES resources education, occupation, and income—wealth emerges as an integral and unique dimension of what we choose to call the “big four” of social stratification.
The consulate was the focal point of Roman politics. Both the ruling class and the ordinary citizens fixed their gaze on the republic's highest office - to be sure, from different perspectives and ...with differing expectations. While the former aspired to the consulate as the defining magistracy of their social status, the latter perceived it as the embodiment of the Roman state. Holding high office was thus not merely a political exercise. The consulate prefigured all aspects of public life, with consuls taking care of almost every aspect of the administration of the Roman state. This multifaceted character of the consulate invites a holistic investigation. The scope of this book is therefore not limited to political or constitutional questions. Instead, it investigates the predominant role of the consulate in and its impact on, the political culture of the Roman republic.
Subjective social status has a known association with health, whereby better health outcomes are observed for those with higher perceived status. In this research, we offer new evidence on the ...status–health relationship using a rigorous methodological approach that considers both observed and unobserved confounders.
We use 5 waves of data spanning 15 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and derive a measure of allostatic load with biomarkers as an objective measure of health. We apply ‘within–between’ panel regression models.
Models reveal the expected association between subjective status and health when comparing participants (the ‘between’ estimate), but no association when examining temporal variation within participants (the ‘within’ estimate). When controlling for personality traits including optimism, and parental education, the ‘between’ association between subjective status and allostatic load is reduced but does not disappear.
Person-level confounders play some role in explaining the observed link between subjective status and health. The exact nature of the link, including the role of psychological pathways and early-life confounders, remains a question for future research.
•Subjective social status has a known association with health outcomes.•We re-test this association with overtime data and biomarkers to measure health.•Higher status is associated with better health.•Overtime analysis within individuals shows no link between status and health.
This book explores the relationship between mainstream and marginal or subaltern religious practice in the Indian subcontinent, and its entanglement with ideas of nationhood, democracy and equality. ...With detailed readings of texts from Marathi and Hindi literature and criticism, the book brings together studies of Hindu devotionalism with issues of religious violence.
Drawing on the arguments of Partha Chatterjee, Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida, the author demonstrates that Indian democracy, and indeed postcolonial democracies in general, do not always adhere to Enlightenment ideals of freedom and equality, and that religion and secular life are inextricably enmeshed in the history of the modern, whether understood from the perspective of Europe or of countries formerly colonized by Europe. Therefore subaltern protest, in its own attempt to lay claim to history, must rely on an idea of religion that is inextricably intertwined with the deeply invidious legacy of nation, state, and civilization. The author suggests that the co-existence of acts of social altruism and the experience of doubt born from social strife - ‘miracle’ and ‘violence’ - ought to be a central issue for ethical debate. Keeping in view the power and reach of genocidal Hinduism, this book is the first to look at how the religion of marginal communities at once affirms and turns away from secularized religion.
This important contribution to the study of vernacular cosmopolitanism in South Asia will be of great interest to historians and political theorists, as well as to scholars of religious studies, South Asian studies and philosophy.
Milind Wakankar teaches in the Department of English, SUNY Stony Brook, USA. He received his PhD in English and Comparative Literature and Postcolonial theory from Columbia University. His current work involves a monograph on Ramchandra Shukla and a critical commentary on the Dnyaneswari.
Preface Part 1: Introduction: The Question of a Prehistory 1. Subalternity at the Cusp: Limits and Openings in the Dalit Critique 2. Moral Rite before Myth and Law: Death in Comparative Religion 3. The Time of Having-Found (God): Languages of Dalit Hearsay Part 2: The Vicissitudes of Historical Religion 4. The Anomaly of Kabir: Historical Religion in Dwivedi’s Kabir (1942) 5. The Pitfalls of a Dalit Theology: Dr Dharmvir’s Critique of Dwivedi (1997) 6. System and History in Rajwade’s Grammar for the Dnyaneswari (1909) Part 3: The Prehistory of Historical Religion 7. The Suspension of Iconoclasm: Myth and Allegory in the Time of Deities 8. Miracle and Violence: The Allegorical Turn in Kabir, Dnyaneswara, and Tukaram 9. Deity and Daivat: The Transfiguration of the Folk in Tukaram
Treating AIDS Sangaramoorthy, Thurka
2014, 20140326, 2014-03-26
eBook
There is an inherently powerful and complex paradox underlying HIV/AIDS prevention-between the focus on collective advocacy mobilized to combat global HIV/AIDS and the staggeringly disproportionate ...rates of HIV/AIDS in many places. InTreating AIDS, Thurka Sangaramoorthy examines the everyday practices of HIV/AIDS prevention in the United States from the perspective of AIDS experts and Haitian immigrants in South Florida. Although there is worldwide emphasis on the universality of HIV/AIDS as a social, political, economic, and biomedical problem, developments in HIV/AIDS prevention are rooted in and focused exclusively on disparities in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality framed through the rubric of race, ethnicity, and nationality. Everyone is at equal risk for contracting HIV/AIDS, Sangaramoorthy notes, but the ways in which people experience and manage that risk-and the disease itself-is highly dependent on race, ethnic identity, sexuality, gender, immigration status, and other notions of "difference."Sangaramoorthy documents in detail the work of AIDS prevention programs and their effect on the health and well-being of Haitians, a transnational community long plagued by the stigma of being stereotyped in public discourse as disease carriers. By tracing the ways in which public knowledge of AIDS prevention science circulates from sites of surveillance and regulation, to various clinics and hospitals, to the social worlds embraced by this immigrant community, she ultimately demonstrates the ways in which AIDS prevention programs help to reinforce categories of individual and collective difference, and how they continue to sustain the persistent and pernicious idea of race and ethnicity as risk factors for the disease.
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