•Critical assessment of currently common approaches to design and optimisation.•Proposal for criteria addressing environmental and socio-political design goals.•Detailed list of proposed parameters ...and variables.•Survey of design studies incorporating fuel cells.•Survey of optimisation software tools.
Electricity generation presents the biggest opportunity to lower CO2 emissions and it is foreseen that hydrogen energy technology will play an important role in realising the scenario to cap global warming at 2°C through replacement of fossil fuels with renewables. The transition to electric power for transport in battery- and fuel-cell-electric vehicles will further increase the need for low-carbon electricity generation. For a successful transition to a renewable energy economy the traditional approach of designing energy systems to meet only goals related to the technology (capacity, availability, reliability) and economics (return on investment, cost to the consumer) must evolve to take on a more holistic viewpoint and be able to take into account other goals addressing environmental and social considerations.
This paper reviews approaches for integrating hydrogen energy technology into hybrid energy systems, emphasising electricity generation using a hydrogen fuel cell. Integration of energy storage, sizing methodologies, energy flow management and their associated optimization algorithms and software implementation are addressed. Few published case studies go beyond technical considerations. This reality is discussed in the light of available software packages. A four-dimensional multi-objective meta-heuristic function is proposed with weighting of technical, economic, environmental and socio-political factors to suit the design goals for the energy system.
MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, ...and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.
Zusammenfassung In Deutschland besteht seit einigen Jahren ein erhöhtes Aufkommen von Patientenfällen in der Notaufnahme, bei welchen es sich oft nicht um Notfälle für das Krankenhaus handelt. Zur ...Verbesserung der Triage und Lenkung der Patientenströme wurde das Triage-System SmED (Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland) entwickelt. Dieses zertifizierte Medizinprodukt soll sowohl die Dringlichkeit von Alltagsbeschwerden als auch den adäquaten medizinischen Versorgungsbedarf zielgerichtet, schneller und sicherer einschätzen. Mit Handlungsvorschlägen unterstützt es medizinisches Fachpersonal bei der Triage, wobei die Endverantwortung beim Fachpersonal selbst bleibt. Für das Fachgebiet der HNO-Heilkunde erfolgte anhand von 9 spezifischen Notfällen eine inhaltliche Überprüfung hinsichtlich der Plausibilität und der Patientensicherheit im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Die Fälle wurden durch 9 HNO-Fachärzte simuliert und anhand des Medizinprodukts SmED durch medizinisches Fachpersonal und Studierende der Medizin triagiert, indem eine Versorgungsebene sowie ein -Versorgungszeitpunkt (Dringlichkeit) zugeordnet wurde. Die Mehrzahl der Fälle wurde korrekt zugeordnet. Das Ersteinschätzungssystem SmED stellt eine gute Möglichkeit dar, dringliche Krankheitsbilder der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde einzuschätzen. Langfristiges Ziel der Ersteinschätzung ist es, Kapazitäten von Ambulanzen zukünftig zu entlasten. Um dies zu erreichen und Patientenwartezeiten zu verkürzen, wäre es notwendig, zügig auf die HNO-Fachdisziplin zu verweisen. Es gilt daher sicherzustellen, dass über das Online-Tool Patienten an einen HNO-Bereitschaftsdienst weitergeleitet werden.
Abstract In Germany, an increased volume of patient cases in the emergency department has been observed for several years, many of which do not represent hospital emergencies. To improve the triage and management of patient flows, the Structured Initial Medical Assessment ( Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland , SmED) triage system was developed. This certified medical product is intended to assess both the urgency of everyday complaints and their adequate medical care in a targeted, faster, and safer manner. It supports medical professionals in triage by suggesting courses of action, whereby the ultimate responsibility remains with the professionals themselves. For otorhinolaryngology, a content review was carried out with regard to plausibility and patient safety in the head and neck region on the basis of nine specific emergencies. The cases were simulated by nine otorhinolaryngologists and triaged on the basis of the SmED by medical staff and medical students by assigning a care level and timepoint (urgency). The majority of cases were correctly assigned. The SmED initial assessment system is a good tool for assessing urgent clinical pictures in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine. The long-term goal of the initial assessment is to relieve the capacities of outpatient departments. In order to achieve this and to shorten patient waiting times, it would be necessary to refer patients quickly to otorhinolaryngology. It is therefore necessary to ensure that patients are referred to an ENT on-call service via the online tool.
Achieving complete understanding of any living thing inevitably requires thorough analysis of both its anatomic and dynamic properties. Live-cell imaging experiments carried out to this end often ...produce massive amounts of time-lapse image data containing far more information than can be digested by a human observer. Computerized image analysis offers the potential to take full advantage of available data in an efficient and reproducible manner. A recurring task in many experiments is the tracking of large numbers of cells or particles and the analysis of their (morpho)dynamic behavior. In the past decade, many methods have been developed for this purpose, and software tools based on these are increasingly becoming available. Here, we survey the latest developments in this area and discuss the various computational approaches, software tools, and quantitative measures for tracking and motion analysis of cells and particles in time-lapse microscopy images.
Abstract Quantitative analysis has tremendous but mostly unrealized potential in healthcare to support objective and accurate interpretation of the clinical imaging. In 2008, the National Cancer ...Institute began building the Quantitative Imaging Network (QIN) initiative with the goal of advancing quantitative imaging in the context of personalized therapy and evaluation of treatment response. Computerized analysis is an important component contributing to reproducibility and efficiency of the quantitative imaging techniques. The success of quantitative imaging is contingent on robust analysis methods and software tools to bring these methods from bench to bedside. 3D Slicer is a free open-source software application for medical image computing. As a clinical research tool, 3D Slicer is similar to a radiology workstation that supports versatile visualizations but also provides advanced functionality such as automated segmentation and registration for a variety of application domains. Unlike a typical radiology workstation, 3D Slicer is free and is not tied to specific hardware. As a programming platform, 3D Slicer facilitates translation and evaluation of the new quantitative methods by allowing the biomedical researcher to focus on the implementation of the algorithm and providing abstractions for the common tasks of data communication, visualization and user interface development. Compared to other tools that provide aspects of this functionality, 3D Slicer is fully open source and can be readily extended and redistributed. In addition, 3D Slicer is designed to facilitate the development of new functionality in the form of 3D Slicer extensions. In this paper, we present an overview of 3D Slicer as a platform for prototyping, development and evaluation of image analysis tools for clinical research applications. To illustrate the utility of the platform in the scope of QIN, we discuss several use cases of 3D Slicer by the existing QIN teams, and we elaborate on the future directions that can further facilitate development and validation of imaging biomarkers using 3D Slicer.
Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a field at the intersection of biology and engineering. Inspired by engineering principles, researchers use defined parts to build functionally defined biological ...circuits. Genetic design automation (GDA) allows scientists to design, model, and analyze their genetic circuits in silico before building them in the lab, saving time, and resources in the process. Establishing SynBio’s future is dependent on GDA, since the computational approach opens the field to a broad, interdisciplinary community. However, challenges with part libraries, standards, and software tools are currently stalling progress in the field. This review first covers recent advancements in GDA, followed by an assessment of the challenges ahead, and a proposed automated genetic design workflow for the future.
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•Synthetic biology aims to apply engineering principles in biology.•Insufficient part libraries, standards, and software are challenges to the field.•Working on the challenges will move genetic design automation forward.•Goal is a fully automated workflow for design, build, and test of genetic circuits.
Using Jupyter for Reproducible Scientific Workflows Beg, Marijan; Taka, Juliette; Kluyver, Thomas ...
Computing in science & engineering,
2021-March-April-1, 2021-3-1, 2021-03-01, Volume:
23, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Literate computing has emerged as an important tool for computational studies and open science, with growing folklore of best practices. In this work, we report two case studies-one in computational ...magnetism and another in computational mathematics-where domain-specific software was exposed to the Jupyter environment. This enables high level control of simulations and computation, interactive exploration of computational results, batch processing on HPC resources, and reproducible workflow documentation in Jupyter notebooks. In the first study, Ubermag drives existing computational micromagnetics software through a domain-specific language embedded in Python. In the second study, a dedicated Jupyter kernel interfaces with the GAP system for computational discrete algebra and its dedicated programming language. In light of these case studies, we discuss the benefits of this approach, including progress toward more reproducible and reusable research results and outputs, notably through the use of infrastructure such as JupyterHub and Binder.
Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) keep growing in popularity within the scientific community. However, despite substantial advances in the theory and applications of FCMs, there is a lack of an up-to-date, ...comprehensive presentation of the state-of-the-art in this domain. In this review study we are filling that gap. First, we present basic FCM concepts and analyze their static and dynamic properties, and next we elaborate on existing algorithms used for learning the FCM structure. Second, we provide a goal-driven overview of numerous theoretical developments recently reported in this area. Moreover, we consider the application of FCMs to time series forecasting and classification. Finally, in order to support the readers in their own research, we provide an overview of the existing software tools enabling the implementation of both existing FCM schemes as well as prospective theoretical and/or practical contributions.
A key to the success of automatic program repair (APR) techniques is how easily they can be used in an industrial setting. In this article, we describe a collaboration by a team from four U.K.-based ...universities with Bloomberg (London) in implementing automatic, highquality fixes to its code base. We explain the motivation for adopting APR, the mechanics of the prototype tool that was built, and the practicalities of integrating APR into existing systems.
Chatbots are programs that supply services to users via conversation in natural language, acting as virtual assistants within social networks or web applications. Here, we review the most ...representative chatbot development tools with a focus on technical and managerial aspects.
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