Research points to negative associations between educational success, socioemotional functioning, and the severity of symptoms in some speech-language disorders (SLDs). Nonetheless, the majority of ...studies examining SLDs in children have focused on monolinguals. More research is needed to determine whether the scant findings among multilinguals are robust. The present study used parent report data from the U.S. National Survey of Children's Health (2018 to 2020) to gain a better understanding of the impacts of SLD severity on indicators of academic success and socioemotional functioning among multilingual (
= 255) and English monolingual (
= 5,952) children with SLDs. Tests of between-group differences indicated that multilingual children evidenced more severe SLDs, had lower school engagement, and had lower reports of flourishing than English monolingual children with SLDs. Further, a greater proportion of multilingual children with SLDs missed more school days than English monolinguals. However, multilinguals were less likely to bully others or have been bullied than monolinguals. While the previous between-group differences were statistically significant, they were small (
≤ 0.08). Increased SLD severity predicted an increased number of repeated school grades, increased absenteeism, and decreased school engagement, when age and socioeconomic status were controlled. Increased SLD severity also predicted greater difficulty making and keeping friends and decreased flourishing. The effect of SLD severity on being bullied was statistically significant for the monolinguals but not multilinguals. There was a statistically significant interaction for SLD severity and sex for school engagement and difficulty making and keeping friends for monolinguals but not multilinguals. The interactions indicated that school engagement decreased more for females than for males while difficulties making and keeping friends increased more for males than females as one's SLD severity increased. While some findings were specific to monolinguals, tests of measurement invariance indicated that the same general pattern of relations among the variables were evident across the groups of multilinguals and monolinguals. These final findings can inform the interpretation of the results from both the current and future studies, while the overall findings can inform the development of intervention programs, thereby improving the long-term academic and socioemotional outcomes of children with SLDs.
This study used data from Michigan schools participating in the Reading First program to examine the stability of students’ disability status in Grades 1 to 3. Reading First aimed to improve at-risk ...students’ reading comprehension through research-based instruction. We analyzed how changes in students’ disability status were related to reading comprehension growth. The sample consisted of n = 10,196 students from 191 schools who took the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) Reading Comprehension subtest. Data were collected from 2003 through 2008. We observed considerable changes in disability status for students with speech–language disorders or a specific learning disability ( n = 1,193). These students had lower achievement levels and made less progress than students without disabilities. Overall, achievement gains did not differ between students with different stability and change patterns in their disability status. However, students changing from speech–language disorders to a specific learning disability demonstrated the smallest achievement gains.
Abstract
Background
Acoustic neuroma (AN) may compress the cerebellum and brainstem and may cause dysfunction of bulbar cranial nerves.
Objective
To describe swallowing function outcomes in the ...late postoperative period after AN surgery.
Methods
This cohort study included patients operated on between 1999–2014, with a mean follow up of 6.4 ± 4.5 years. The swallowing function was assessed through the functional oral intake scale (FOIS). The primary outcome was defined by scores 5 to 1, which implied oral feeding restriction or adaptation. Risks factors were identified through multivariate logistic regression.
Results
101 patients were evaluated. As many as 46 (45.5%) presented dysphagia on the late postoperative period. Women comprised 77.2%, and the mean age was 47.1 ± 16.0 years (range 19–80). Dysphagic patients presented more type II neurofibromatosis (NF II) (32.6% vs. 10.9%,
p
= 0.007), larger tumors (3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 3.1 ± 1.0 cm,
p
< 0.001), partial resection (50.0% vs. 85.5%,
p
< 0.001) and needed more surgeries (≥2, 39.1% vs. 18.2%,
p
= 0.019). Important peripheral facial palsy (PFP) (House–Brackmann HB grade ≥3) was present before the surgery on 47.5% and worsened on 55.4%. Postoperative PFP (
p
< 0.001), but not preoperative PFP, was predictive of postoperative dysphagia. On multivariate analysis, the following factors were risk factors for dysphagia: NF II (OR 5.54,
p
= 0.034), tumor size (each 1 cm, OR 2.13,
p
= 0.009), partial resection (OR 5.23,
p
= 0.022) and postoperative HB grade ≥3 (OR 12.99,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusions
Dysphagia after AN surgery is highly correlated to postoperative facial motor function. NF II, tumor size, and extent of resection were also predictive of this morbidity in the late postoperative period.
Background: Acoustic neuroma (AN) is a well-recognized cause of neurological morbidity, peripheral facial paralysis being one of the most prevalent. Phonatory dysfunction in the late post-operative ...term has not been properly addressed so far.
Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the outcomes of phonatory function on the long-term follow-up of AN surgery and identify its prognostic factors.
Material and methods: This cohort study included patients submitted to AN surgery from 1999 to 2014, with a mean follow up of 6.4 ± 4.5 years. To evaluate the phonatory function, we performed a combination of noninvasive acoustic and aerodynamic measurements including vocal intensity and stability, maximum declination rate of the glottal airflow (MDR) and transglottal pressure scale (TP).
Results: 101 patients were studied. 25 (24.7%) presented a deficit in phonatory function. Women comprised 56% and the mean age was 42.4 ± 13.8 years (range19-80). 100% presented reduced expiratory airflow capacity with excessive manifestation of the laryngeal musculature (TP > 1,23s ;MDR/z/<MDR/s/). Dysphonic patients presented more neurofibromatosis II (NF II) (40% vs 12.7% p = .002), large tumors (3.8 ± 1.1 p = .002) and needed less surgeries (≥256.7% vs 74.6%, p = .0073) in univariate analysis. NFII and tumor size were predictive of dysphonia according to multivariate analysis (NFII-OR 5.57, p = .006; tumor size-each 1 cm, OR1.68, p = .062).
Conclusion: The late postoperative prevalence of dysphonia corresponded to 24.7%. Dysphonia could be secondary to the hyperfunction of laryngeal musculature explained by the reduced expiratory airflow found in our patients. Tumor size and NF II were predictors for the occurrence of dysphonia in the present study.
Highlights
The comprise of phonation function can be a morbidity of AN surgery
NF II and tumor size were predictive of dysphonia on late postoperative period
Data of hypofunction secondary to the phonatory hyperfunction were unanimous in the dysphonic patients.
The early diagnosis and treatment of phonation function could avoid alterations of pneumophono-articulatory coordination and projection deficiency.
This study investigated the occurrence of speech-language disorders during the acute phase of recovery in children with acquired brain injury (ABI) with an age between 0 and 16 years.
A retrospective ...chart analysis was performed including 228 children (n = 118 boys, n = 110 girls) who consecutively presented with ABI over a 10-year period (2006-2016) at the children's rehabilitation center at Ghent University Hospital. Descriptive statistical analyses were applied.
71.1% (162/228) of the children who were admitted to the rehabilitation center presented with a speech-language disorder. Within this sample (n = 162), results demonstrated the occurrence of acquired disorders in language (48.9%), speech (35.1%), learning (33.3%), swallowing (21.5%), and early communicative functions (17.4%). The proportion of children presenting with disturbances in early communicative functions differed by ABI cause. More than half (10/18, 58.8%) of the children who presented with ABI following inflammatory processes demonstrated disorders in early communicative functions.
Especially in young children who present with inflammatory processes as the ABI cause, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) must be aware of disorders in early speech-language development. The present findings allow the SLP to appropriately plan research, education, and clinical management.
Infections and inflammation during pregnancy or early life can alter child neurodevelopment and increase the risk for structural brain abnormalities and mental health disorders. There is strong ...evidence that TORCH infections (i.e., Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus) alter fetal neurodevelopment across multiple developmental domains and contribute to motor and cognitive disabilities. However, the impact of a broader range of viral and bacterial infections on fetal development and disability is less well understood. We performed a literature review of human studies to identify gaps in the link between maternal infections, inflammation, and several neurodevelopmental domains. We found strong and moderate evidence respectively for a higher risk of motor and cognitive delays and disabilities in offspring exposed to a range of non-TORCH pathogens during fetal life. In contrast, there is little evidence for an increased risk of language and sensory disabilities. While guidelines for TORCH infection prevention during pregnancy are common, further consideration for prevention of non-TORCH infections during pregnancy for fetal neuroprotection may be warranted.
•We reviewed the evidence for developmental effects of fetal exposure to maternal non-TORCH infections.•We found strong evidence for increased risk of motor disability after fetal exposure to maternal non-TORCH infections.•We found moderate evidence for increased risk of cognitive disability after fetal exposure to maternal non-TORCH infection.•There was little evidence for increased risk of language or sensory disability.
•Fatigue and speech-language disorders are both highly prevalent in the stroke population.•Speech-language disorders are underrepresented in the post-stroke fatigue literature.•Presence of ...speech-language disorders (e.g., aphasia, dysarthria) should be considered in the context of assessing post-stroke fatigue in rehabilitation.
After a stroke, it is highly likely that an individual will experience substantial fatigue that can significantly affect recovery and function; stroke survivors also have more than a 50% chance of having at least one speech-language disorder. Current reviews of post-stroke fatigue have not provided evidence focused on speech-language disorders or the potential influence they may have on post-stroke fatigue and related recovery.
The aim of this review was to determine how speech-language disorders are represented in post-stroke fatigue research and to catalogue methods used to identify speech-language disorders and measure fatigue.
A systematic scoping review was conducted to identify studies measuring post-stroke fatigue. To identify these studies, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using relevant databases and grey literature sources, followed by several stages of review that adhered to PRISMA guidelines. We evaluated these studies using pre-established eligibility criteria and extracted data regarding the inclusion/exclusion of persons with speech-language disorders and the assessment methods used.
The scoping review analysis was conducted on 161 studies. Of these, 41 (26%) excluded all speech-language disorders, 71 (44%) excluded severe speech-language disorders, and 49 (30%) included participants with speech-language disorders. Of the 120 studies that did not explicitly exclude all speech-language disorders, only 34 were confirmed to report data from at least one person with a speech-language disorder. Further, only 5 studies reported data that could be used to determine a relationship between speech-language disorders and fatigue.
Persons with speech-language disorders are underrepresented in post-stroke fatigue research and very few studies have examined the relationship between post-stroke fatigue and speech-language disorders, limiting conclusions that can be drawn. This is problematic because medical professionals relying on this evidence to guide clinical practice are likely to be treating individuals with co-occurring fatigue and speech-language disorders and the current research does not provide enough information about the potential impact of fatigue on speech-language disorders or vice versa. To bridge this gap, we suggest methods of assessment that could provide ways to more accurately 1) reflect the real population in post-stroke fatigue studies, and 2) measure and document fatigue in post-stroke speech-language disorder studies. We also propose the Filter-Funnel Model of Post-Stroke Fatigue, which considers the role of speech-language disorders and communicative demands in the context of post-stroke fatigue.
This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the opinions and experiences with telepractice (TP) of Dutch-speaking speech-language pathologists (SLPs) living in the Dutch-speaking part ...of Belgium (Flanders). This study will help to optimize care for children with speech-language disorders as we will gain more insight into the experienced barriers and facilitators while using TP for assessing and treating these disorders.
Twenty-nine Dutch-speaking speech-language pathologists living in Flanders (age category 20–30 years: n = 16/29, 55.2%, 31–40 years: n = 10/29, 34.2%, 41–50 years: n = 2/29, 6.9%, 51–60 years: n = 1/29, 3.4%) were recruited through the social media. An online questionnaire was developed based on the available literature and administered to the SLPs. To compare the opinions and experiences of SLPs with TP, χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests were used.
The study showed a statistically significant association between years of clinical experience of SLPs and their opinion that TP does not provide more options in a clinical setting compared to face-to-face contact. SLPs who had expertise in multiple domains experienced significantly more added value of TP during the corona pandemic than SLPs who had expertise in only one specific domain. Additionally, SLPs who worked in a private practice indicated significantly more difficulties in developing a therapeutic relationship due to a lack of personal contact than SLPs who worked in other settings. 51.7% (15/29) of the SLPs experienced technical barriers using TP.
Expertise in multiple domains of pediatric speech-language therapy resulted in experiencing more added value of TP during the corona pandemic, possibly because of the experience of multiple different and simultaneous advantages of TP in several domains. Additionally, SLPs in a private practice experienced more difficulties in developing a therapeutic relationship due to a lack of personal contact with their clients. This is in contrast to hospitals where children are often seen for a shorter period. Hence, there may be less chance of a negative perception of relationships with clients. Another conclusion is that treatment drop-out was not larger using TP compared to face-to-face therapy. However, SLPs experienced that the use of TP was not promoted/encouraged by their employer possibly because of technical barriers. It is hoped that the findings of this study will help SLPs and policymakers overthrow existing barriers and make telepractice a substantial, effective, and efficient service delivery model.
Mucopolysaccharidosis III is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and severe hyperactivity that does not respond to stimulants. Somatic features are relatively mild. ...Patients are often initially misdiagnosed as having idiopathic developmental delay, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or autism spectrum disorders, putting them at risk for unnecessary testing and treatments.
Conclusion
Children with developmental or speech delay, especially those with a characteristic somatic feature or behavioural abnormalities, should be screened for MPS III.
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify major risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics responsible for speech and language delay/disorders. Two hundred twenty-eight children (aged ...24–72 months) with speech and language delay/disorders participated in this study. The Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory and The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used to assess language profiles and developmental stages of children. Low income, nonattendance in preschool education, low maternal education, having two or more siblings, later birth order (order of siblings), family history of speech and language delay/disorders, preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth complications or the need for intensive care support during neonatal period were identified as risk factors (all p < 0.005). Both sociodemographic and biologic factors were associated with speech and language delay/disorders. Awareness of these factors may provide a chance for earlier diagnosis and intervention. Identification of risk factors of these children would contribute to our knowledge in this field.
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