The number of migrant children referred to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is increasing in the United States. SLPs need to be competent in distinguishing between a language disorder and language ...differences associated with children who are learning English as a new language.
SLPs need to acquire the knowledge, skills, and cultural attitudes to evaluate language of bilingual children to competently assess and intervene with linguistically diverse children and families. Often children separated from their biological parents at the border are placed in foster homes, and the foster parents often do not have essential information regarding the children's developmental history to share with the SLP. The children described in this article include school-age children in the United States who are learning to speak English as a second language and are migrants.
This article presents the difficulties faced when working with children learning a new language, effective strategies used with this population, and some of the resources available in the United States for children and families.
This article highlights some challenges SLPs experience, assessment protocols used in different states and local school districts, successful strategies that involve working with interpreters, and varied service delivery options.
This study was conducted to assess dentists' knowledge of normal speech-language development (NSLD), speech-language disorders (SLD), and speech-language pathology (SLPy) and to determine their ...general attitudes toward speech-language pathology (SLPy). A self-administered, web-based questionnaire was emailed to all members of the Jordanian Dental Association Council. 191 completed questionnaire were entered in excel sheet and statistically analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20 software. The respondents demonstrated insufficient knowledge regarding normal speech-language development and speech-language disorders. Additionally, the majority of respondents reported a general impression that the speech-language pathologist has an important role in a health profession team (86.8%). However, they did poorly on the normal speech-language development questions (26%) as well as the speech-language disorders questions (18%). There were no statistically significant differences between different variables - age, gender, years of practice, place of practice and specialty of dentists and dentists' knowledge of speech-language pathology.
On the territory of the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija (Kosovo municipalities Mitrovica, Zvecan, Leposavic and Zubin Potok) a study is conducted in primary schools in order to determine the ...presence of speech-language disorders in children of early school age. Data were collected from the teachers of the third and fourth grades of primary schools in these municipalities (n = 36, which include a total number of 641 student). The results show that the number of children with speech and language disorders represented in the different municipalities of the research vary (the largest is in Leposavic, the smallest is in Zvecan), then 3/4 the total number of children with speech and language disorders are boys. It is also found that the speech-language disorders usually appear from the very beginning of schooling and that the examined teachers recognize 12 types of speech-language disorders in their students. Teachers recognize dyslexia as the most common speech-language disorder, while dysphasia and distortion are the least common, in the opinion of the teachers. The results show that children are generally accepted by their peers, but only during schooling; then, there is a difference in school success between children with speech and language disorders and children without any speech-language disorders. It also found that the teachers' work is generally not affected by the children with speech and language disorders, and that there is generally an intensive cooperation between teachers and parents of children with speech and language disorders. The research and the results on prevalence of speech-language disorders in children in northern Kosovo and Metohija can be considered as an important guidelines in future work.
To evaluate noise-induced hearing injury (NIHI) and blast-related comorbidities among U.S. Army soldiers in an effort to understand the morbidity burden and future health service requirements for ...wounded war fighters returning from the Central Command Area of Responsibility, predominantly from Iraq and Afghanistan deployments.
Inpatient and outpatient records with diagnosed NIHI or blast-related comorbidities (e.g., significant threshold shift STS, noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss, eardrum perforations, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder) were extracted for active duty soldiers returning from combat deployments. Records were limited to those within 6 months of the soldier's return date from April 2003 through June 2009. To account for changes in STS coding practice, STS rates observed after October 1, 2006, were used to extrapolate prior probable postdeployment STS.
Statistically significant increases were observed for tinnitus, dizziness, eardrum perforations, and speech-language disorders. The combination of observed and extrapolated STS yielded a conservative estimate of 27,427 cases.
Estimates can be used to forecast resource requirements for hearing services among veterans. This article could serve as a guide for resourcing and innovating prevention measures and treatment in this population. Data provided may also serve as a baseline for evaluating prevention measures.
Comportamentos de pais e de filhos influenciam-se mutuamente. Crianças com alterações de linguagem relacionadas ou não à perda auditiva, podem apresentar dificuldades de relacionamento com os irmãos ...e seus pares. Assim, a investigação das práticas educativas parentais e do repertório comportamental infantil é fundamental para a busca de intervenções efetivas para essas crianças. O estudo tem como objetivos: (a) comparar o repertório positivo e negativo de mães e crianças com deficiência auditiva (DA) e distúrbio de linguagem (DL); (b) comparar cada uma das deficiências com grupo não clinico; (c) correlacionar comportamentos para cada uma das deficiências. Participaram deste estudo 72 mães, cujos filhos apresentavam DA (n = 27), DL (n = 19) ou compunha uma população não clínica (n = 26). O instrumento utilizado foi o Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais, que avalia a ocorrência de habilidades sociais aplicáveis às práticas educativas. Os resultados evidenciaram a associação entre práticas positivas e habilidades sociais, bem como entre práticas negativas e problemas de comportamento. O grupo de DL não apresentou mais problemas que as crianças não clínicas, sugerindo a participação de intervenções de caráter preventivo, facilitando a inclusão social. Por outro lado as crianças com DA apresentaram menos habilidades sociais, bem como suas mães, menos habilidades sociais educativas. Este estudo evidencia a importância da metodologia empregada na reabilitação de crianças com distúrbios da comunicação, sobretudo para aquelas com DA visando o beneficio de programas educativos de promoção do repertório parental positivo integrados aos objetivos da fonoterapia.
The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the communication of individuals with Sotos syndrome in order to better characterize common speech and language patterns. Sixteen children with ...Sotos syndrome received an in-depth communication assessment using standardized procedures. Assessments of speech skills, language skills, voice, fluency, and social-pragmatic interactions were completed. Results of the evaluations indicated that individuals with Sotos syndrome are prone to: (a) language impairments (particularly expressive), (b) speech sound production impairments, (c) voice impairments, (d) dysfluencies (stuttering), and (e) average social-behavioral pragmatic interaction characteristics.
We report on the clinical, neuropsychological and language characteristics of a boy with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), agenesis of the splenium of the corpus callosum, minor ...anomalies of face and limbs, mild mental retardation, and speech and language disabilities. The occurrence of pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma) may be part of the clinical spectrum or a fortuitous finding. Compared to other related conditions with LVNC suggests that this is a "new" unique pattern MCA/MR syndrome.
Comportamentos de pais e de filhos influenciam-se mutuamente. Crianças com alterações de linguagem relacionadas ou não à perda auditiva, podem apresentar dificuldades de relacionamento com os irmãos ...e seus pares. Assim, a investigação das práticas educativas parentais e do repertório comportamental infantil é fundamental para a busca de intervenções efetivas para essas crianças. O estudo tem como objetivos: (a) comparar o repertório positivo e negativo de mães e crianças com deficiência auditiva (DA) e distúrbio de linguagem (DL); (b) comparar cada uma das deficiências com grupo não clinico; (c) correlacionar comportamentos para cada uma das deficiências. Participaram deste estudo 72 mães, cujos filhos apresentavam DA (n = 27), DL (n = 19) ou compunha uma população não clínica (n = 26). O instrumento utilizado foi o Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais, que avalia a ocorrência de habilidades sociais aplicáveis às práticas educativas. Os resultados evidenciaram a associação entre práticas positivas e habilidades sociais, bem como entre práticas negativas e problemas de comportamento. O grupo de DL não apresentou mais problemas que as crianças não clínicas, sugerindo a participação de intervenções de caráter preventivo, facilitando a inclusão social. Por outro lado as crianças com DA apresentaram menos habilidades sociais, bem como suas mães, menos habilidades sociais educativas. Este estudo evidencia a importância da metodologia empregada na reabilitação de crianças com distúrbios da comunicação, sobretudo para aquelas com DA visando o beneficio de programas educativos de promoção do repertório parental positivo integrados aos objetivos da fonoterapia.The behavior of parents and children are mutually influential. Children with language disorders, whether or not they are related to hearing loss, may present difficulties in relationships with siblings and peers. Thus, the investigation of parenting practices and child behavioral repertoire is essential for finding effective interventions for these children. This study aims to: (a) compare the positive and negative repertoire of mothers and children with hearing impairments (HI) and language disorder (LD); (b) compare each of the disabilities to a non-clinical population, (c) correlate behaviors for each of the disabilities. Seventy two mothers whose children presented HI (n = 27), LD (n = 19), or composed a non-clinic population (n = 26) participated in this study. The instrument used was the Roadmap Interview Social Skills for parenting, which assesses the occurrence of social skills applicable to educational practice. The results showed positive association between practices and social skills, as well as between negative practices and behavior problems. The LD group did not present more problems than non-clinical children, suggesting the involvement of preventive intervention that facilitates social inclusion. On the other hand, children with HI presented few social skills, and their mothers, likewise, presented few social educational skills. Aiming to enhance educational programs that promote positive parental repertoire including the goals of speech-language and hearing loss therapy, this study highlights the importance of the methodology that was employed in rehabilitating children with communication disorders, particularly for those with HI.
This study focuses on the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and speech sound disorder (SSD). SSD is a developmental disorder characterized by speech ...production errors that impact intelligibility. Previous research addressing this comorbidity has typically used heterogeneous groups of speech–language disordered children. This study employed more precise speech–language diagnostic criteria and examined ADHD symptomatology in 108 SSD children between the ages of 4 and 7 years old with specific language impairment (SLI) (
n
= 23, 14 males, 9 females) and without SLI (
n
= 85, 49 males, 36 females). We also examined whether a subcategory of SSD, persistent (
n
= 39, 25 males, 14 females) versus normalized SSD (
n
= 67, 38 males, 29 females), was associated with ADHD and/or interacted with SLI to predict ADHD symptomatology. Results indicated that participants in the SSD + SLI group had higher rates of inattentive ADHD symptoms than those in the SSD-only and control groups. In addition, an unexpected interaction emerged such that children with SLI and normalized-SSD had significantly higher ADHD inattentive ratings than the other subgroups. A proposed explanation for this interaction is discussed.
It has long been recognized that from the first months of life auditory perception plays a crucial role in speech and language development. Only in recent years, however, is the precise mechanism of ...auditory development and its interaction with the acquisition of speech and language beginning to be systematically revealed. This paper presents the results of a series of studies exploring the relevance of electrophysiological measurements for the objective diagnosis of children with language and speech disorders. In the first, retrospective, study, an inventory was made of clinical neurological, neuropsychological, logopedic and neurophysiological findings obtained from 43 children referred to the Paediatric Neurology Centre for the diagnosis of their speech and language deficits. Neurophysiological abnormalities were found in 95% of these children, among these deviant auditory evoked potentials (AEVPs). The second study demonstrated developmental trends in the waveform of the cortical AEVPs up to age 6 years; the implications for longitudinal studies are discussed. Preliminary results from the third study show emerging differences in auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) for young children who are at risk for developmental dyslexia based on their family history. These findings underscore the clinical usefulness of neurophysiological measures for the diagnosis of speech-language disorders. Clinical protocols are further developed and tested.
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