Part biography, part transnational history, this study details the life and career of Percy Spender, one of Australia's most prominent twentieth-century political figures.
In this paper, a manual dispenser printing-based fabrication technique has been developed to synthesize a flexible thermoelectric generator (FTEG). Fabricated FTEGs, printed on polyester fiber ...clothe, convert the thermal energy from the human body into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. Two flexible prototypes (prototype A and prototype B) were fabricated using a manual dispenser printing technique with n-type (0.98Bi,0.02Sb)2(0.9Te,0.1Se)3 and p-type (0.25Bi,0.75Sb)2(0.95Te,0.05Se)3 thermoelectric (TE) materials. The fabricated prototypes consisted of 12 pairs of n-type and p-type legs connected by silver conductive threads. The experimental investigations were conducted to determine the characteristics and the electrical outputs of the fabricated prototypes. The open circuit voltage and power output of prototype A and prototype B were 22.1 mV and 2.21 nW, and 23.9 mV and 3.107 nW, respectively, at 22.5 °C temperature difference. The fabricated prototypes were also tested on the human body at different body conditions and were found to be very flexible, twistable, and durable with the substrate as well as conforming well to the human body.
•Flexible thermoelectric generators were developed by a dispenser printing method.•Theoretical analysis & experimental tests were performed on two prototypes.•The prototypes were very flexible, twistable, and durable with the substrate.•The voltage output is relatively higher than FTEGs reported in the literature.
The ability to sort and dispense droplets accurately is essential to droplet-based single-cell analysis. Here, we describe a fluorescence-activated single-droplet dispenser (FASD) that is analogous ...to a conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorter, but sorts droplets containing single cells within an oil emulsion. The FASD system uses cytometric detection and electrohydrodynamic actuation-based single-droplet manipulation, allowing droplet isolation and dispensing with high efficiency and accuracy. The system is compatible with multiwell plates and can be integrated with existing microfluidic devices and large-scale screening systems. By enabling sorting based on single-cell reactions such as PCR, this platform will help expand the basis of cell sorting from mainly protein biomarkers to nucleic acid sequences and secreted biomolecules.
This paper describes an investigation into the acceptability of installing hydrogen dispensers in public areas based on risk assessments. Because gasoline dispenser risks have been widely accepted ...for many years, they were used as a benchmark in this study to analyze the risks of hydrogen dispensers. More specifically, we performed risk assessments for both hydrogen and gasoline dispensers and then compared and analyzed the results. We began the process by creating models for both hydrogen and gasoline dispensers that represented their various specifications and elements. Next, potential accident scenarios for each dispenser model were identified by failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) and hazard and operability study (HAZOP). The risks of each scenario were then qualitatively evaluated and the results were organized into risk matrices. By comparing the results of both hydrogen and gasoline dispensers with and without existing safety measures, the appropriateness of their safety measures were validated. Furthermore, by comparing the results of hydrogen and gasoline dispenser safety measures, it was confirmed that the risk levels of the two types were practically equivalent. Therefore, we concluded that the risks involved with installing hydrogen dispensers in public areas can be considered acceptable.
•Potential accident scenarios of dispensers were identified by FMEA and HAZOP.•Qualitative risk evaluations were conducted for each scenario.•The appropriateness of safety measures for fueling stations was confirmed.•The risks of hydrogen and gasoline dispensers are practically equivalent.•The risk of hydrogen dispensers is considered to be acceptable in public.
Only recently, researchers have started experimenting with 3D printing of foods. The aim of this study was to investigate 3D printed objects from sodium caseinate dispersions, exhibiting reversible ...gelation behaviour. Gelation and dispensing behaviour were explored and structures of different protein content and with oil droplets were prepared. Additions of pectin, sucrose and starch facilitated FDM of sodium caseinate dispersions with different layers and an enzymatic cross-linking procedure was enabled printing of caseinate dispersions at lower dry matter content. A modified Poiseuille equation for power law fluids was applied to describe dispensing behaviour of the caseinate dispersions and may be used to set dispenser pressure and line speeds. Finally, oil droplets are introduced in the dispersions with a premixing method and a dispenser with side-inlet. It is suggested that such specific spatial distribution of oil droplets provides more freedom in custom design of healthy foods, thus providing a niche for FDM of foods.
•Structures of sodium caseinate are prepared with fused deposition modelling (FDM).•Enzymatic cross-linking and additives enabled printing of protein dispersions.•Gelation and dispensing behaviour were characterised with rheology and modelling.•FDM allowed preparation of spatially distributed structures with oil droplets.
In our study, we analyzed 30years of climatological data revealing the bean production risks for Western Amazonia. Climatological profiling showed high daytime and nighttime temperatures combined ...with high relative humidity and low vapor pressure deficit. Our understanding of the target environment allows us to select trait combinations for reaching higher yields in Amazonian acid soils. Our research was conducted using 64 bean lines with different genetic backgrounds. In high temperatures, we identified three water use efficiency typologies in beans based on detailed data analysis on gasometric exchange. Profligate water spenders and not water conservative accessions showed leaf cooling, and effective photosynthate partitioning to seeds, and these attributes were found to be related to higher photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, water spenders and not savers were recognized as heat resistant in acid soil conditions in Western Amazonia. Genotypes such as BFS 10, SEN 52, SER 323, different SEFs (SEF 73, SEF 10, SEF 40, SEF 70), SCR 56, SMR 173, and SMN 99 presented less negative effects of heat stress on yield. These genotypes could be suitable as parental lines for improving dry seed production. The improved knowledge on water-use efficiency typologies can be used for bean crop improvement efforts as well as further studies aimed at a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of heat resistance in legumes.
Gas storage of hydrogen in composite pressure vessels at high pressure is attractive for weight reasons. On the other hand, filling in a short time has to be properly controlled to insure safety. ...Indeed, compression effects during the H2 fast filling of a cylinder induce a temperature rise inside the gas whose level depends on filling rate, thermal properties of the walls and also geometric characteristics of the cylinder. The effect of each parameter must be well understood to optimize filling quality while maintaining safety. This study presents experimental results obtained on a type IV 90.5 L tank for different filling conditions. Temperatures of the gas have been monitored during filling using temperature sensors. A soft sensor (0D model) has been developed for real time gas temperature estimation during filling. Comparisons between numerical simulations derived from this soft sensor and experimental results are discussed in order to prove the validity of the model and provide a deeper understanding of thermal phenomena in the cylinder.
•We describe experiments of filling o f H2 on a 95 L tank equipped with thermocouples.•We build a thermodynamical model of evolution of temperature.•We calibrate our model on experiments and study its precision.•We find a correlation of heat exchanges between the gas and tank wall.
Hydrogen has been expected as one of the most promising green energy sources, especially in transportation section. Despite its great potential as a new source of energy, it is reluctant to build ...hydrogen charging stations for the fear of accidents such as hydrogen leakage, fire, and following explosion. To reduce those problems and promote the acceptance of hydrogen charging station, this study focuses on the hydrogen charging platform package (HCPP) which is a new type of the mobile hydrogen station. Hydrogen leakage cases are investigated using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation. The simulation is performed with the whole configuration of the HCPP including main components, storage, compressor, and dispenser. Based on the risk assessment, hydrogen leak scenarios with high possibilities of accidents are simulated. The simulation results show the leak length of hydrogen gas, its dispersion, and the various ranges of volume ratios of leaked hydrogen gas. Based on the simulation results, it is clearly confirmed that the leaked hydrogen gas with high concentration stays inside the HCPP. Therefore, the effects of ventilation to reduce the possibility of the explosion are continuously considered to investigate the safety of the HCPP in the case of the leakage accident.
•CFD simulation model of hydrogen leakage is developed for mobile hydrogen station.•Validation of CFD model with experimental data is conducted.•Simulations of external leakage and internal leakage are conducted and analyzed.•Ventilation effects are considered for proving the safety of platform package.
While it is well known that the primate brain evolved to cope with complex social contingencies, the neurophysiological manifestation of social interactions in primates is not well understood. Here, ...concurrent wireless neuronal ensemble recordings from pairs of monkeys were conducted to measure interbrain cortical synchronization (ICS) during a whole-body navigation task that involved continuous social interaction of two monkeys. One monkey, the passenger, was carried in a robotic wheelchair to a food dispenser, while a second monkey, the observer, remained stationary, watching the passenger. The two monkeys alternated the passenger and the observer roles. Concurrent neuronal ensemble recordings from the monkeys' motor cortex and the premotor dorsal area revealed episodic occurrence of ICS with probability that depended on the wheelchair kinematics, the passenger-observer distance, and the passenger-food distance - the social-interaction factors previously described in behavioral studies. These results suggest that ICS represents specific aspects of primate social interactions.
Droplet evaporation is an important phenomenon governing many man-made and natural processes. Characterizing the rate of evaporation with high accuracy has attracted the attention of numerous ...scientists over the past century. Traditionally, researchers have studied evaporation by observing the change in the droplet size in a given time interval. However, the transient nature coupled with the significant mass-transfer-governed gas dynamics occurring at the droplet three-phase contact line makes the classical method crude. Furthermore, the intricate balance played by the internal and external flows, evaporation kinetics, thermocapillarity, binary-mixture dynamics, curvature, and moving contact lines makes the decoupling of these processes impossible with classical transient methods. Here, we present a method to measure the rate of evaporation of spatially and temporally steady droplets. By utilizing a piezoelectric dispenser to feed microscale droplets (R ≈ 9 μm) to a larger evaporating droplet at a prescribed frequency, we can both create variable-sized droplets on any surface and study their evaporation rate by modulating the piezoelectric droplet addition frequency. Using our steady technique, we studied water evaporation of droplets having base radii ranging from 20 to 250 μm on surfaces of different functionalities (45° ≤ θa,app ≤ 162°, where θa,app is the apparent advancing contact angle). We benchmarked our technique with the classical unsteady method, showing an improvement of 140% in evaporation rate measurement accuracy. Our work not only characterizes the evaporation dynamics on functional surfaces but also provides an experimental platform to finally enable the decoupling of the complex physics governing the ubiquitous droplet evaporation process.
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