The development of the circumplex model for coach behavior recently provided researchers an integrative model to assess coach behavior. While the circumplex model has currently only been deployed in ...cross-sectional research designs using the Situations in Sports questionnaire (SISQ), it has clear potential within research on dynamics of coach behavior. However, the SISQ consists of vignette-based situations and is too extensive for such frequent administrations. Within the present study we therefore developed the Coach Behavior in Sports Questionnaire (CBSQ), a 32-item alternative for the SISQ which consists of general items rather than vignette-based situations. First, content validity of 54 initial pilot CBSQ items was tested in a sample of 34 expert coaches. Second, construct validity, predictive validity, and reliability of the 32-item CBSQ was tested in a sample of 689 athletes and 420 coaches. Third, within-person variability of coach behavior was longitudinally assessed using the 32-item CBSQ during a five-week training and game period in a sample of 31 coach-athlete dyads. The 32-item CBSQ showed to be a valid and reliable alternative for the SISQ. Also, coach behavior showed considerable within-person variability over the five-week period in all coaching styles and approaches. Additionally, a 24, 16, and 12-item version were tested to provide even shorter alternatives. The CBSQ opens new horizons for future longitudinal research and coach reflection programs based on the circumplex model for coach behavior.
•We replicated the circular structure of the circumplex model for coach behavior.•The CBSQ showed to be a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess coach behavior.•Coach behavior fluctuates both on between-person and within-person level.•The CBSQ can be used to assess coach behavior within future longitudinal studies.
Many of our patients are athletes, and an ultimate goal is to help these athletes return to their preinjury level of activity or sport. Generally, we focus on patients’ injuries and treatments, but ...there are modifiable factors that can improve patient outcomes independent of surgical technique. A factor frequently ignored is psychological readiness to return to sport. In patients including athletes, particularly teenagers, chronic, clinical depression is a prevalent and pathologic condition. In addition, in nondepressed patients (or in patients who are situationally depressed because of injury), the ability to deal with stressors may still govern clinical outcomes. Specific psychological traits of significance have been identified and defined, including self-efficacy; locus of control; resilience; catastrophizing; kinesiophobia; and fear of reinjury. (Fear of reinjury is the leading reason for failure to return to competitive sport, reduced activity levels after sports injury, and greater reinjury rates.) The traits may overlap and may be modifiable. Thus, like strength and functional testing, we should evaluate for signs or symptoms of depression, and we should measure psychological readiness to return to sport. With awareness, we can intervene or refer as indicated. Psychological readiness to return to sport represents an underexamined domain in which we can help our patients achieve best outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to describe the mental skill characteristics of athletics, weightlifting, cycling, swimming, and waterskiing athletes based on medal achievements in the 2017 SEA Games. ...The study was a quantitative research with an ex-post facto method with retrospective causal-comparative design. The sample of the study were 36 athletes from five sports who gained gold, silver, and bronze medals. The variables of this study were psychological characteristics including the aspects of motivation, confidence, anxiety control, mental preparation, team emphasis, and concentration. Data collection used The Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports as the instrument. The results of the study show that athletes in athletic sports, who received three gold medals, had higher psychological skill characteristics than other sports. Meanwhile, athletes in cycling sports had lower mental skills than other sports, with a maximum gain of two silver medals. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan karakteristik keterampilan psikologis atlet cabang olahraga atletik, angkat besi, balap sepeda, renang dan ski air ditinjau dari prestasi di SEA Games 2017 berdasarkan perolehan medali. Menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode ex post facto dengan desian penelitian yaitu a restrospective causal-comparative design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 36 atlet dari lima cabang olahraga yang memperoleh medali baik emas, perak dan perunggu. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu karakteristik psikologis yang meliputi, aspek motivasi, percaya diri, kontrol kecemasan, persiapan mental, pentingnya tim, dan konsentrasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen The Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atlet cabang olahraga atletik memiliki karakteristik keterampilan psikologis lebih tinggi dari cabang olahraga lainnya dengan perolehan tiga medali emas. Sedangkan atlet cabang olahraga balap sepeda memiliki karakteristik keterampilan psikologis lebih rendah dari cabang olahraga lainnya dengan maksimal memperoleh dua medali perak.
Background:
Lower psychological readiness to return to sport has been reported for younger patients (≤20 years) who go on to a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, changes in ...psychological readiness and specific psychological responses associated with second injury have not been identified.
Purpose/Hypothesis:
To identify changes in psychological readiness over time associated with a second ACL injury. It was hypothesized that younger patients who suffered a second injury would have smaller changes in psychological readiness to return to sport when compared with those who did not have a second injury.
Study Design:
Case-control study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
Patients ≤20 years old at the time of surgery who had a primary ACL reconstruction procedure between June 2014 and June 2016 were recruited for this study. The short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale was completed by patients before their ACL reconstruction and repeated at 12 months after surgery to assess psychological readiness to return to sport. The primary outcome of interest was the relationship between the change in psychological readiness and second ACL injuries.
Results:
Among 115 young patients who returned to sport after ACL reconstruction, 21 (18%) experienced a second ACL injury. Injured patients did not show improvement in their ACL-RSI score between the preoperative assessment and 12-month time point (58.5 vs 60.8 points, P = .60) and had a significantly smaller change when compared with noninjured patients (9.2 vs 24.9 points, P = .01). When compared with the noninjured group, the injured group reported they were more nervous about playing sport, less confident in playing sport without concern for the knee, more frustrated with having to consider the knee with respect to sport, and more fearful of reinjuring the knee by playing sport (P≤ .05).
Conclusion:
Injured patients exhibited less improvement in psychological readiness at a group level and reported different psychological characteristics with regard to return to sport at 12 months after ACL reconstruction as monitored by the ACL-RSI scale.
In the quest to understand the dynamics of female Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) combats, this research delves into the world of winning and losing. By comparing time-motion analysis based on different ...outcomes, our objective was to unveil the movement patterns of victory. Our sample included 209 winning (W) versus 209 losing (L) female international BJJ combats, presenting a comprehensive picture of the combat landscape. Through time-motion analysis, we explored various BJJ combat phases, such as approach, gripping, transition, side control, mounting, attack, defense, low-intensity movement, and total time. The statistical results highlight significant differences between winners and losers in key aspects of the combats. Notably, side control (W= 47.7 27.8; 96.5s vs. L= 27.3 20.3; 41.9s), mount (W= 40.0 16.6; 85.9s vs. L= 15.9 6.1; 25.6s), attack (W= 50.1 28.6; 86.7s vs. L= 16.6 7.7; 35.7s), defense (W= 14.6 6.6; 38.2s vs. L= 38.8 17.7; 77.0s), and low-intensity movement (W= 55.9 23.4; 132.2s vs. L= 111.5 58.7; 225.6s) revealed differences between the winners and losers. The implications extend to sports psychology and judo training, providing knowledge for enhancing performance, optimizing training programs, and making strategic decisions during combat.
This article describes a tertiary intervention procedure in a public football training organization in which there were various verbal and discriminative violent manifestations, identifying: ...organizational violence, violence from spectators or unconditional fans (families), violence between equals and discrimination based on of genre. The system sample included the mayor's office (n=1), political manager (n=1), delegation technician (n=1); family members (n=360); and protagonists, which include the sports director (n=1), coaches (n=6) and players (n=360). The intervention occurred by a sports psychology professional specializing in violence with a reformulated role as technical director in 4 phases: adjustment, stabilization, acceptance and confrontation, and progress. The measures and actions were directed both at agents and at procedures and criteria that supported the structural culture of the organization. After four years of implementation of the program, the contracting administration described the results as successful, highlighting a reduction in violence in the organization. This success is reflected in a 25% increase in the total number of players, from 360 to 450, and in a notable 215% increase in female participation, which grew from 16 to 50 players. Less violence causes more satisfaction and therefore increases participation.
Home advantage in professional sports is a widely accepted phenomenon despite the lack of any controlled experiments at the professional level. The return to play of professional sports during the ...COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to analyze the hypothesized effect of home advantage in neutral settings. While recent work has examined the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on home advantage in European football, comparatively few studies have examined the effect of restrictions in the North American professional sports leagues. In this work, we infer the effect of and changes in home advantage prior to and during COVID-19 in the professional North American leagues for hockey, basketball, baseball, and American football. We propose a Bayesian multi-level regression model that infers the effect of home advantage while accounting for relative team strengths. We also demonstrate that the Negative Binomial distribution is the most appropriate likelihood to use in modelling North American sports leagues as they are prone to overdispersion in their points scored. Our model gives strong evidence that home advantage was negatively impacted in the NHL and NBA during their strongly restricted COVID-19 playoffs, while the MLB and NFL showed little to no change during their weakly restricted COVID-19 seasons.
Athletes face an uphill battle after an anterior cruciate ligament tear if they want to return to their sport. Almost one-third of patients never return to their preinjury level of sport involvement, ...and many athletes dread this outcome. Although this distress is an understandable reaction, it can be demotivating, and psychological engagement in the recovery process is crucial to achieving desired outcomes. In particular, psychological readiness to return to sport is associated with greater likelihood of returning to sport. However, other psychological factors, including kinesiophobia, can negatively impact readiness to return to sport preoperatively and postoperatively. Supporting patients psychologically and reducing kinesiophobia throughout the recovery process may be essential to improving outcomes after an anterior cruciate ligament tear.
Kate F. Hays (1943-2021) Shapiro, Jamie; Harris, Brandonn
The American psychologist,
04/2022, Volume:
77, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Memorializes Kate F. Hays (1943-2021), a pioneer in the field of Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology (SEPP). Kate was a practitioner in the field of SEPP since 1971 and maintained an ...independent practice,
, in Toronto, Canada. As a psychologist with 50 years of innovative and influential contributions to SEPP, Kate was not only a master practitioner, but also an educator and scholar in the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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