Insect infestations are considered one of the major problems causing enormous economic losses in stored grains. Laboratory bioassays were performed to establish the mortality induced by the ...commercially available Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC74040 (formulated product: Naturalis®) and by Metarhizium anisopliae strain CIST8 against four stored products pests. Adults of four grain and legume pest species (Cathartus quadricollis, Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus granarius, and Oryzaephilus surinamensis) were exposed in laboratory assays to three different concentrations (103, 105 and 107/mL) of each entomopathogenic fungal strain. For each insect species, fungal strain and concentration, the mortality was recorded daily over a period of 7 days. Mean survival time and final cumulative mortality were determined, and 7-day mortality curves were established. A significant effect of insect species, fungal strain, and conidial concentration was observed on the 7-day mortality curves and the final cumulative mortality. Also, the mean survival time varied significantly with the conidial concentration. In addition, a significant interaction between insect species and fungal strain was recorded for all three assessed parameters. In general, at all tested concentrations, B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040 caused higher mortality than M. anispliae strain CIST8 in all four insect species. Our results suggest that entomopathogenic fungi could be effectively used as part of an integrated pest management program for the control of legumes and grain pests. Key Words: Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, stored-products pests
This technical guide describes the techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella. These parasitoids are among the most widely ...used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops, including sugarcane, corn, soybean, cotton, vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes), fruit (avocado, citrus, grapes), and tobacco.
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) is know as one of main pests of stored canola seeds worldwide, however, the cases of infestation in Brazil are still not reported. Due to its potential pest status ...allied to the increasing production of canola in Brazil, this work aims to evaluate the establishment of T. castaneum in canola stored seeds, as well as the effects of diferent inert dusts to its control. For stablishment determination, three substrates were tested: wheat bran (control); whole wheat seeds; and whole canola seeds. The insects remained in the substrates for 14 days, when mortality was counted, and then for aditional seven days before get removed, for progeny assessment at 66 days after initial exposure. For the insecticide potential of inert dusts, four treatments were tested in canola seeds as substrate: diatomaceous earth; basaltic rock powder; vegetable charcoal powder; and untreated canola seeds as control treatment. The beetles were exposed to the treated substrate and cumulated mortality was counted each two days for 15 days. Lower adult mortality and higher progeny in canola seeds indicates that these substrate is a potential host for T. castaneum. Diatomaceous earth and vegetable charcoal powder reduced the survival of adult beetles in canola in more than 60% at the end of the evaluation period. The T. castaneum adults and its offspring develops well in stored canola seeds. Additionally, the use of inert dusts, mainly diatomaceous earth and vegetable charcoal powder presents promising results of control of the beetle in stored canola seeds.
Pest control strategies and damage potential of seed-infesting pests in the Czech stores - a review Stejskal, V., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety; Aulicky, R., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety; Kucerova, Z., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety
Plant protection science,
01/2014, Volume:
50, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This work reviews the historical and current pest risks and research concerning seed storage in the Czech Republic (CR). Stored seed pests (i.e. animals causing injuries to the germ and endosperm) ...represent a high risk of economic damage due to the high value of seeds coupled with long-term seed storage in small storage units (e.g., boxes, satchels). Rodents represent a significant risk to all types of seeds, especially seeds stored in piles or bags. Mites, psocids, and moths are the main pests of stored grass and vegetable seeds: mites can decrease seed germinability by 52% and psocids caused 9.7% seed weight loss in broken wheat kernels after 3 months of infestation under laboratory conditions. Although beetles (Sitophilus sp., Tribolium sp., Oryzaephilus sp.) and moths (Plodia sp.) are common pests of grain seeds (e.g., wheat, barley, maize), two serious seed pests, Sitotroga cereallela and S. zemays, are rare in the CR. Bruchus pisorum is a common pest of pea seeds, while other Bruchids are rare in the Czech legume seed stores. Currently, the control of seed pests is becoming difficult because the efficient pesticides (e.g., methylbromide, dichlorvos, drinking anticoagulant rodent baits) for seed protection have been lost without the development of adequate substitutes. New research on seed protection in the CR using biological control (mite predators Cheyletus sp.), low pressure, modified atmospheres, and hydrogen cyanide is overviewed.
Scientific and professional work in the field of stored products pests protection in Slovenia began in 2005, when we tested the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the granary weevil ...(Sitophilus granarius) and the sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) adults under laboratory conditions. In 2007, we participated as partners in the project SEE-ERA.NET “Development of a non-toxic, ecologically compatible, natural-resource based insecticide from diatomaceous earth deposits of South Eastern Europe to control storedgrain insects pests” (coordinated by C. Athanassiou), and we thus became acquainted with the research work in the field of investigation the efficacy of diatomaceous earth in controlling beetles from the Sitophilus genus. We have continued the research of different aspects of diatomaceous earth (the influence of geochemical composition and abiotic factors on its efficiency, the effects of individual and combined application, the effects on various harmful insect pests, etc.). In search for comparable substances to diatomaceous earth (regarding the efficacy), we have studied insecticidal effects of quartz sand and entomopathogenic nematodes from Slovenia, plant powders and essential oils on various harmful beetles. In the recent years, our research work has been mainly dedicated to studying the efficacy of wood ash and zeolites as natural insecticides, which have demonstrated sufficient efficiency in suppressing Sitophilus beetles. In the same period, we studied the seasonal dynamics of the Indian mealmoth (Plodia interpunctella), the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and the Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) in cereal stores, where we were also searching for possible indigenious natural enemies of stored product insects pests. We have confirmed the occurrence of two parasitoids, Anisopteromalus calandrae and Dibrachys microgastri. In 2017, we have organized the 11th Conference of the IOBC/wprs Working Group on Integrated Protection of Stored Products (Ljubljana, 3-5 July), which was attended by 136 participants from 25 countries. We also transfer knowledge to Slovenian agricultural specialists about the harmfulness and possible ways of controlling stored products insects pests. In 2014, we have organized a workshop on this topic (“From Technological Maturity to Storing of Cereals and Legumes“). In 2015, we have hosted C. Athanassiou as an invited lecturer at the 12th Slovenian Conference on Plant Protection with international participation in Ptuj. In recent years, we have been working with experts from other countries with the aim of studying the efficacy of environmentally acceptable insecticides (spinosad, spinetoram) and the influence of cereal production technologies on grains’ susceptibility to attack by Sitophilus beetles. Furthermore, we participate in the research regarding the efficiency of new formulations of insecticidal preparations. The paper presents the chronology of activities in this area of our work.
Sitophilous zeamais, the maize weevil is a main cause of infestation in stored maize throughout the tropical regions of the world. The attacked seeds are damaged badly, reduced their weight, ...nutritional values and market value. For the protection of maize crop, farmers usually use pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. The indiscriminate use of these insecticides resulted in the development of resistance in Maize Weevil and affected their growth rate. Therefore for the determination of effect of insecticides on life history of Sitophilous zeamais, two pyrethroid-resistant strains from fields of the counties Juiz de Fora (JF) and Jacarezinho (JA) from State of Parana were compared with one strain susceptible to both insecticides from the county of Sete Lagoas (SL), which were reared in an insectary, under the controlled condition. We tested whether individual-based life histories of two strains of the maize weevil S. zeamais resistant to pyrethroid insecticides showed fitness costs relative to a susceptible strain. None were detected, despite such costs having been shown in a mass-rearing experiment using the same strains.
Two new species of family Acaridae infesting stored products from district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan Bashir, M.H. (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Agricultural Entomology); Honey, S.F. (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Agricultural Entomology); Ali, S. (South China Agricultural Univ. (China). Coll. of Natural Resource and Environment) ...
International journal of agriculture and biology,
2015, Volume:
16, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In the existing environment of this fast growing world, food scarcity is becoming major concern to be addressed due to considerable losses of food commodities not only during growth span but also ...post - harvest stage of any commodity is susceptible to number of losses. Mite pests are one of major concerning factors, which boost up such losses including both quantitative and qualitative. Family Acaridae is the major family of mites round the world, which not only possess great threat to stored commodities but also cause number of diseases in humans including asthma and skin allergies etc. During this study a comprehensive survey of different stored commodities from District Gujranwala was made to observe the influence of mite pests over these commodities, which resulted in discovery of two new species of family Acaridae belonging to genera Rhizoglyphus and Tyrophagus namely Rhizoglyphus iftikhari and Tyrophagus bisetosis infesting stored commodities. The types were deposited in the Acarology Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
The study was carried out to determine potential insecticidal effect of ten plant extracts against stored chickpea beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. Experiment was carried out under completely ...randomized design in the laboratory. The plant materials used for extraction included leaves of olive (Olea europea), tea (Thea chinensis), bhang (Canabis sativa), elephanta (Elephania sp.), neem (Azadirachta indica), dharek (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and fruit of garlic (Allium sativum), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), black pepper (Piper nigrum) and red chillies (Capsicum annum). Results indicate that black pepper was the most effective treatment in controlling chickpea beetle attack followed by cloves, neem and garlic.
The combined impact of microwave radiation and cold storage on Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Sitophilus oryzae L. adults either continuously or intermittently was evaluated. The insects were exposed ...to 2 450 MHz at power level of 100 W for exposure time 10 min, continuously and intermittently. In all experiments, the highest rate of mortality was achieved for exposure time 10 min intermittently and 72 h cold storage duration. Intermittent exposures were generally more effective in killing insects of both species compared with those of continuous irradiation. Combinations of microwave radiation and cold storage were found highly compatible and synergistic. The synergistic interaction indicates that microwave radiation can be used with cold storage for management of T. castaneum and S. oryzae adult developmental stage. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.
Oceniano ļączne dziaļanie naświetlania mikrofalami i zimnej przechowalni, stosowane w trybie ciągļym lub z przerwami, na T. castaneum Herbst. i na dorosļe osobniki S. oryzae L. Owady byļy eksponowane na 2 450 MHz, przy poziomie mocy 100 W i czasie 10 minut. We wszystkich doświadczeniach najwyższe tempo śmiertelności uzyskano dla czasu 10-minutowej ekspozycji przerywanej i 72 godzin zimnego przechowywania. W porównaniu do ciągļego naświetlania, przerywana ekspozycja byļa bardziej efektywna w zabijaniu owadów obydwóch gatunków. Kombinacje naświetlania mikrofalami i zimnej przechowalni byļy kompatybilne i synergistyczne. Synergistyczne wspóļdziaļanie wskazuje, że naświetlanie mikrofalami może być wykorzystane ļącznie z zimnym przechowywaniem, w celu zwalczania dorosļych osobników T. castaneum i S. oryzae. Ten zabieg może być efektywną i przyjazną środowisku techniką w programie integrowanej ochrony roślin.
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