This paper investigates whether leverage effects and structural changes have positive effects on the volatility prediction of crude oil futures. On the basis of existing HAR models, this paper ...proposes three classes of new HAR models by considering leverage effects, structural changes, or both. The in‐sample and out‐of‐sample results show that leverage effects and structural changes contain significant information for predicting oil volatility. In most cases, structural changes have more in‐sample and out‐of‐sample incremental information than leverage effect, whereas leverage effects have more out‐of‐sample information for predicting 1‐day volatility. In addition, HAR models with leverage effects and structural changes have better in‐sample and out‐of‐sample performances than the corresponding other three classes of HAR models. The above results mean that leverage effects and structural changes should be considered while modelling and forecasting oil volatility.
Zhai, S., 2020. Spatio-temporal differences of the contributions of marine industrial structure changes to marine economic growth. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics ...and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 1–5. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The continuous expansion of the differences in marine economy affects the realization of China's maritime power strategic goals. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the level of development of the marine economy, analyze the actual differences in coastal areas and find out the constraints. Sustainable development has important value. This paper mainly studies the spatial-temporal differences in the contribution of marine industry structural changes to marine economic growth. The cumulative contribution rate of 6 principal components extracted in this paper reaches 93.346%. The 6 principal components can explain the comprehensive development level of the marine economy in coastal provinces and cities. It shows that its comprehensive development level is below the average development level. It can be seen from the calculation results that the internal structure of the industry is constrained by the level of science and technology, scientific and technological breakthroughs are difficult, and the evolution of the industrial structure is slow, so its contribution to the growth of the marine economy is relatively low. Therefore, in the process of optimizing the structure of the marine industry, more attention must be paid to improving the development mode and quality of the marine industry, giving play to the role of science and technology, improving the quality of the supply of the marine industry, transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industry, mastering core technologies for the development of the marine industry, and fostering the Market competitiveness of the industry.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate changes over time in osteoarthritis risk factors most closely associated with the occurrence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesize that ...the robustness of a longitudinal case–control study will provide new information on the association between changes in various clinical and structural parameters in different time frames before TKA.
Methods:
Cases (195; TKA after cohort entry) and controls (468) matched for age, gender, income, WOMAC pain, Kellgren–Lawrence grade and follow-up duration were from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort. Associations between changes in sociodemographic, clinical, imaging and osteoarthritis therapies with the occurrence of TKA were performed using conditional logistic regression analyses.
Results:
Worsening of WOMAC scores (cOR 1.02–1.20, p ⩽ 0.012), KOOS (1.02–1.04, p ⩽ 0.014), knee injuries sustained in the previous 30–40 years (women 2.70, p = 0.034) and valgus alignment (1.10, p = 0.052) were associated with the occurrence of TKA. Also associated with TKA was cartilage volume loss in the lateral (overall 1.76, p = 0.025; women 1.93, p = 0.047) and medial compartments (⩾10%, overall 1.54, p = 0.027; men 2.34, p = 0.008), occurrence of medial meniscal extrusion (overall 1.77, p = 0.046; men 2.86, p = 0.028), and increase in bone marrow lesions (BMLs) for women (1.09, p = 0.048). The association of risk factors with TKA was reinforced when both an increase in WOMAC pain and cartilage volume loss (1.85, p = 0.001) were combined. Pain medication usage, mainly narcotics and intra-articular steroid injections (IASI), was also associated with TKA, with no impact on changes in cartilage loss or structure.
Conclusion:
This study provides new information about gender differences in risk factors associated with the occurrence of TKA. Worsening of valgus alignment, cartilage volume loss in the lateral compartment, BMLs and older injuries are important risk factors in women, while medial compartment cartilage loss and meniscal extrusion are in men. The use of pain medication and IASI although associated was found not causal with TKA.
The article proves that despite a significant growth in the service sector in recent years, industry remains the main engine of economic growth. Moreover, using the analysis of statistical data, it ...is shown that the development of industrial complexes of countries of the world is accompanied by corresponding structural changes, which in turn determines their economic development in general. The study aims to solve the following issues: which structure of the national industry can be considered progressive under modern conditions, i.e., can lead to progress and sustainable socio-economic growth; whether there is a correlation between the progressive structure of the country’s industry and its economic development and the quality of life of its population; how the approach of the country’s industrial structure to its progressive state influences the country’s economic development and quality of life of its population. The purpose of the study is to justify or refute the hypothesis about influence of progressiveness of the industrial structure on sustainable economic development and quality of life of the population. The main methods used in the study are cluster analysis and integral assessment. The statistical basis of the study is the data on inter-branch balances for 36 countries of the world for 2009, 2011 and 2014. The results obtained in the study allowed confirming the hypothesis about the positive influence of approach of the industrial structure of countries of the world to its progressive state on the sustainable economic development and quality of life of their population. This conclusion can be considered as the basis for forming the state policy of the world’s countries to develop their economies and improve the quality of life of their population.
Many roads lead to Rome; many roads lead toward the hydrogen energy economy. They are marked with milestones, those alongside the fully operational hydrogen economy, which was established long ago, ...and those marking the up and coming hydrogen
energy economy, which is the subject of this paper.
Recent research has demonstrated the value of comprehensive, integrated programs that combine and align several interventions to create a seamless learning environment for undergraduate students in ...STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). While there is emerging evidence of the value of these integrated programs for student success, there is little understanding of exactly how and why they are effective. This study of integrated programs at several California State University campuses indicates that successful integrated programs are effective because they create what we term a unified community of support for students, faculty, and staff. A unified community of support leverages structural changes to campus policies and practices to promote individual changes to faculty and staff knowledge, beliefs, actions, and relationships. This combination offers a unique and novel way of both organizing and conceptualizing student support within higher education, as most existing programs are based around either structural changes or individual support, rather than a mutually reinforcing combination of the two.
In experiments on rats of the Wi-star line, the influence of two iron-containing weakly mineralized mineral waters with a high content of organic matter (MW) from the sources № 13 and № 15 of ...Skhidnytsia deposit (Ukraine). It was determined that both MW do not have a toxic effect on their use on animals, as evidenced by the lack of significant structural and functional changes in the tissues of the stomach, kidneys, liver, and heart. It is established that MW from source No. 13 changes the activity of transamination processes in hepatocytes, increases bile formation and biliary excretion, and activates red blood counts. MW from source No. 15 has a similar effect, but more significantly affects the metabolism, red blood, and immune system. The research results justify the use of these iron-containing MW for the correction of iron deficiency conditions in laboratory animals.
Aim
To evaluate the incidence and clinical indications for which eyes were treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outside the guidelines set by International Classification of ROP (ICROP).
...Methods
Medical records of the patients treated at a single tertiary care ophthalmology hospital for ROP from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed to evaluate the indications for which they were treated.
Results
Out of 241 eyes, 33 eyes (13.7%) were treated outside the guidelines. The reasons for the treatment outside the guidelines were structural changes (
n
= 24, 72.7%), persistent stage 3 ROP that did not show any sign of regression for 6 weeks (
n
= 7, 21.2%) and active ROP with fellow eye being treated (
n
= 2, 6.1%). The recorded specific structural changes were tangential traction with temporal vessel straightening concerning for macular distortion and ectopia (
n
= 5, 15.2%), and stage 3 neovascularisation or ridge with anteroposterior traction with risk of progression to stage 4 disease (
n
= 19, 57.6%). Pre-plus disease was present in 11 eyes (33.3%).After the treatment, ROP stages regressed and retinal vessels grew either until the ora or at least into zone III in all the treated eyes. None of the eyes showed worsening of structural changes after treatment. The mean follow-up of the patients was 12.4 ± 11.7 months.
Conclusion
Experts occasionally recommend treatment in eyes with disease milder than type 1 ROP. This study may help paediatric retinal practitioners in decision-making in borderline cases.
Proteins from the intrinsically disordered group (IDP) focus the attention of many researchers engaged in protein structure analysis. The main criteria used in their identification are lack of ...secondary structure and significant structural variability. This variability takes forms that cannot be identified in the X-ray technique. In the present study, different criteria were used to assess the status of IDP proteins and their fragments recognized as intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The status of the hydrophobic core in proteins identified as IDPs and in their complexes was assessed. The status of IDRs as components of the ordering structure resulting from the construction of the hydrophobic core was also assessed. The hydrophobic core is understood as a structure encompassing the entire molecule in the form of a centrally located high concentration of hydrophobicity and a shell with a gradually decreasing level of hydrophobicity until it reaches a level close to zero on the protein surface. It is a model assuming that the protein folding process follows a micellization pattern aiming at exposing polar residues on the surface, with the simultaneous isolation of hydrophobic amino acids from the polar aquatic environment. The use of the model of hydrophobicity distribution in proteins in the form of the 3D Gaussian distribution described on the protein particle introduces the possibility of assessing the degree of similarity to the assumed micelle-like distribution and also enables the identification of deviations and mismatch between the actual distribution and the idealized distribution. The FOD (fuzzy oil drop) model and its modified FOD-M version allow for the quantitative assessment of these differences and the assessment of the relationship of these areas to the protein function. In the present work, the sections of IDRs in protein complexes classified as IDPs are analyzed. The classification “disordered” in the structural sense (lack of secondary structure or high flexibility) does not always entail a mismatch with the structure of the hydrophobic core. Particularly, the interface area, often consisting of IDRs, in many analyzed complexes shows the compliance of the hydrophobicity distribution with the idealized distribution, which proves that matching to the structure of the hydrophobic core does not require secondary structure ordering.
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is one of the major species of freshwater fish in China. Modification of myofibrillar proteins induced by high pressure processing (HPP) has been ...investigated at pressures ranging from 200 to 500 MPa for 10 min at 20 °C. Influence of high pressure on conformational changes of myofibrils was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface hydrophobicity measurement, ultraviolet absorption spectra and second-derivative spectroscopy, intrinsic spectrofluorimetry, Raman spectroscopic analysis and circular dichroism (CD). DSC analyses revealed that the conformational stability of myofibrils is reduced to different extents when they are exposed to a pressure over 200 MPa. More sulfydryl groups as well as hydrophobic regions and amino acid residues which had ultraviolet absorbance had been found significantly after HPP (≥300 MPa). Changes in the Raman spectra were interpreted as the occurrence of secondary structural changes in pressure-induced myofibrillar proteins. CD analysis results demonstrated that α-helix was destroyed after processed at 400 MPa for 10 min. The results implicated that HPP can be used as a possible means of improving the functional properties for growing demand for healthier fish products.
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