Rating driving performance is a challenging topic. It attracts professionals from a variety of domains such as automotive industry and insurance companies. In this work, we propose a fully ...unsupervised driver scoring framework using a minimalistic dataset which is composed of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Controller Area Network (CAN Bus) data. Based on the natural expectation that good driving patterns should depend on the road type and traffic flow intensity, our framework attempts to assign a probabilistic score in proportion to the occurrence probability of a certain driving style given the road geometry and traffic conditions. Quantization of these random variables through clustering methods and learning of a cooccurrence matrix between clusters of distinct variables provide a computationally relaxed way of otherwise intractable joint probability estimations. Utilizing this approach, we report explicitly different scoring results for aggressive and nonaggressive labelled driving experiences. Besides, we provide a rigorous analysis of clustering schemes applied on trajectory, traffic flow and driving style data.
This report focuses on differences in training style among four trainers as measured by the Training Style Scoring System. The study concludes that supportive and trusting interrelations between ...members develop when the leader permits open expression of hostility toward his/herself. The difficulty of allowing this is noted. (NG)
The aggregation of lifestyle behaviours and their association with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remain unclear. We identified lifestyle patterns and investigated their association ...with the risk of developing MAFLD in a sample of Chinese adults who underwent annual physical examinations.
Annual physical examination data of Chinese adults from January 2016 to December 2020 were used in this study. We created a scoring system for lifestyle items combining a statistical method (multivariate analysis of variance) and clinical expertise (Delphi method). Subsequently, principal component analysis and two-step cluster analysis were implemented to derive the lifestyle patterns of men and women. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the prevalence risk of MAFLD among lifestyle patterns stratified by sex.
A total of 196,515 subjects were included in the analysis. Based on the defined lifestyle scoring system, nine and four lifestyle patterns were identified for men and women, respectively, which included "healthy or unhealthy" patterns and mixed patterns containing a combination of healthy and risky lifestyle behaviours. This study showed that subjects with an unhealthy or mixed pattern had a significantly higher risk of developing MAFLD than subjects with a relatively healthy pattern, especially among men.
Clusters of unfavourable behaviours are more prominent in men than in women. Lifestyle patterns, as important factors influencing the development of MAFLD, show significant sex differences in the risk of MAFLD. There is a strong need for future research to develop targeted MAFLD interventions based on the identified behavioural clusters by sex stratification.
