This book explores the cognitively-oriented approach tometaphor studies, comparing it critically to other contemporary paradigms ofmetaphor in meaning. It incorporates cutting edge empirical data.In ...both semantics and cognitive linguistics, metaphor has gained central statusover the past decades, chiefly on account of Lakoff and Johnson's 1980 book Metaphors We Live By, which has become astandard point of reference.Rather than advocating a 'pick and mix' combination of cognitive attitudes withtheory and data from other paradigms, the book argues for the methodologicallyreflective comparison of theory traditions and acknowledgement of theirstrengths and weaknesses. This criticalreflection on metaphor is an essential read for students of metaphor at anadvanced undergraduate or postgraduate level. Each chapter outlines areas for further reading and research, and thebook is built around data drawn from a multilingual research corpus ofmetaphors compiled from existing research, other corpora and internet data.
Featuring multidisciplinary and transcultural investigations, this volume showcases state-of-the-art scholarship about the impact of argumentation-based discourses and field-specific argumentation ...practices in a wide range of communities of practice belonging to the media, social, legal and political spheres.
Labels traditionally ascribed to women—mother, angel of the house, whore, or bitch—suggest character traits that do not encompass the complexities of women’s identities or empower women’s public ...speaking. Rethinking Ethos: A Feminist Ecological Approach to Rhetoric redefines the concept of ethos—classically thought of as character or credibility—as ecological and feminist, negotiated and renegotiated, and implicated in shifting power dynamics. Building on previous feminist and rhetorical scholarship, this essay collection presents a sustained discussion of the unique methods by which women’s ethos is constructed and transformed.
Editors Kathleen J. Ryan, Nancy Myers, and Rebecca Jones identify three rhetorical maneuvers that characterize ethos in the feminist ecological imaginary: ethe as interruption/interrupting, ethe as advocacy/advocating, and ethe as relation/relating. Each section of the book explores one of these rhetorical maneuvers. An afterword gathers contributors’ thoughts on the collection’s potential impact and influence, possibilities for future scholarship, and the future of feminist rhetorical studies.
With its rich mix of historical examples and contemporary case studies, Rethinking Ethos offers a range of new perspectives, including queer theory, transnational approaches, radical feminism, Chicana feminism, and indigenous perspectives, from which to consider a feminist approach to ethos.
Scrutinizing Argumentation in Practice contains a selection of papers reflecting upon the use of argumentation in real life contexts. The first five sections are devoted to argumentation in a ...specific institutional context: scientific controversies, argumentation in politics, argumentation in a legal context, argumentation in education, argumentation in an interpersonal context. The last section deals with strategic maneuvering as a vital concept in studying argumentation in practice.The contributors are: Francesco Arcidiacono, Michael J. Baker, Sarah Bigi, Marina Bletsas, Stephanie Breux, William O. Dailey, Marianne Doury, Claudio Duran, Frans H. van Eemeren, Lindsay M. Ellis, Jeanne Fahnestock, Eveline T. Feteris, Bart Garssen, Anca Gaţă, Salma I. Ghanem, Sara Greco, Edward A. Hinck, Robert S. Hinck, Shelly S. Hinck, Henrike Jansen, Takayuki Kato, Susan L. Kline, Pascale Mansier, Bert Meuffels, Celine Miserez-Caperos, D'Arcy Oaks, Sachinidou Paraskevi, Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont, H. Jose Plug, Takeshi Suzuki, and David Zarefsky.
An exploration of the way videogames mount arguments and make expressive statements about the world that analyzes their unique persuasive power in terms of their computational properties.
Videogames ...are an expressive medium, and a persuasive medium; they represent how real and imagined systems work, and they invite players to interact with those systems and form judgments about them. In this innovative analysis, Ian Bogost examines the way videogames mount arguments and influence players. Drawing on the 2,500-year history of rhetoric, the study of persuasive expression, Bogost analyzes rhetoric's unique function in software in general and videogames in particular. The field of media studies already analyzes visual rhetoric, the art of using imagery and visual representation persuasively. Bogost argues that videogames, thanks to their basic representational mode of procedurality (rule-based representations and interactions), open a new domain for persuasion; they realize a new form of rhetoric. Bogost calls this new form "procedural rhetoric," a type of rhetoric tied to the core affordances of computers: running processes and executing rule-based symbolic manipulation. He argues further that videogames have a unique persuasive power that goes beyond other forms of computational persuasion. Not only can videogames support existing social and cultural positions, but they can also disrupt and change these positions themselves, leading to potentially significant long-term social change. Bogost looks at three areas in which videogame persuasion has already taken form and shows considerable potential: politics, advertising, and learning.
This paper explores a stylistic approach to translating literary texts from Arabic into English and vice versa. It is held that in order to be in a position to render literary texts effectively and ...accurately, one needs to: (1) analyze and describe varieties of language, (2) identify and discern all important aesthetic aspects of text in order to interpret and appreciate texts properly, (3) activate processes and experiences of reading along with one’s intuitive responses to the text, and (4) activate all aspects of knowledge stored in one’s mind on language, text-typological demands, generic conventions, sociological roles of participants in the real world and in text, cultural environment and so on. Through the analysis of authentic data, it argues that by adopting a comprehensive stylistic approach, translators, as special text readers, can easily derive a better understanding and appreciation of texts, in particular literary texts. The data analysis demonstrates that literary translators, in addition to possessing other types of competences, need to develop first an analytical and evaluating competence that enables them to analyze and appreciate stylistic features, and second transferring/translating competence that enables them to prioritize the competing elements with a minimum loss.
By far, human language is an effective means of communication, while linguistic choices assist in interpreting and understanding the meaning and message of the words used by the writers. In unison, ...linguistic deviation brings a telling diversity and evocative defamiliarisation to human interest. The present position paper attempts to analyse the semantic deviations in The Three Strangers, a short story by Thomas Hardy. Since figurative speech changes the meaning of an actual word. The present study will explain why writers opt for such deviations in writing. The data is examined through foregrounding theory, as Mukarovsky (1975) propounded. Thus, the present study aims to highlight and evaluate the semantic deviation (not confused with semantic evasion) in the selected sample. The study's findings and results reveal that the writer has employed the given stylistic technique in similes, metaphors, and personifications to help the reader have portrayed a vivid and vibrant visualisation of the storyline. Further research on stylistic deviations such as phonetic (e.g., alliteration, rhyme), morphological (e.g., word formation), and grammatical (e.g., inversion, ellipsis) levels can be done.
This paper sets out the linguistic analysis of an exile novel, Transit (1948) by Anna Seghers, which, even if inspired by autobiographical events, presents a style of writing evaluated by literary ...critics as not simply realistic, but complex, evocative and poetic. The analysis, which aims to substantiate the theses formulated by the most recent literary studies on an empirical-textual basis, consists essentially of two parts. The first part offers a linguistic reinterpretation of the most evident stylistic elements of the novel already mentioned in the literary state of arts, while the second part focuses on a recurrent stylistic phenomenon not yet explored, i.e., the attributive participle. Through the different levels of analysis, the style of Seghers emerges as a language characterized by a complex mixture of signs.
A high example of battle and honor in romance (a subgenre of narrative poetry in European literature), the idea of the knight and chivalry developed gradually across history from the early Roman ...Empire to the middle of the Middle Ages. One of the first well-known French romance authors, Chértin de Troyes, penned six poems on the stories of King Arthur, of which five have survived: Ork and Enid, Eoin: The Lion Knight, Cleggs, Percival: The Tale of the Cup, and the Chariot Knight. The romance of the charioteer by Dutroy holds a significant position in the legends of King Arthur because it lays the foundation for the duties and ideals of chivalry, such as courtly love, respect for ladies, and Christian principles, by bringing the French Lancelot to the group of the king's knights. This love story was translated into Farsi by Mirjalaluddin Kezazi and published as Shaheswar Arabeh. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate how well Kezazi's translation of Shaheswar Arabeh, one of the most well-known medieval romances, adheres to the original text. This study looks at how well Kazzazi's translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh adheres to the rules of chivalry, the language used in the original text, and how these rules and the culture of chivalry are reflected in the translation based on the action space of the text. Semantic content creates action via cohabitation in a chain and is focused on the activities of characters or agents of action and the consequences created by them. They encompass the explicit meanings coming from the action and relationships of the component pieces of the text. To observe the romantic style and the chivalric customs, the translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh has been analyzed on the three levels of words, tone, and grammar. To observe the romantic style and the chivalric customs, the translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh has been analyzed on the three levels of words, tone, and grammar. The words, tone, and grammar used in each of these three levels have been evaluated while being compared to similar elements in the original text to identify and analyze the similarities and differences. These comparisons were made to assess the language's archaism (archaicism), brutality and combativeness, expression of tenderness and elegance, use of folk literature, and narrative and descriptive language. The results of this study demonstrate how Kazzazi deviates from the original text's style by insisting on utilizing archaic and epic terms rather than lyrical words and folk idioms, which are key elements of the medieval romance language. The translation language deviates from the romantic style and violates the fundamental tenets of chivalric culture on a tonal level due to archaism, epic and non-narrative mood, and the preference for Persian occlusive sounds over Arabic abrasive sounds. Grammar-wise, Kazazi did not adhere to the medieval romance style and did not respect the language of chivalry, as seen by the supremacy of the epic language over the lyrical language, the intricacy of the phrase, and the archaic syntax.
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