An automated spectrophotometric method for total esterase activity (TEA) measurement in porcine saliva has been developed and validated, using 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4-NA) as substrate. The method ...was precise and accurate, with low limit of detection, and was able to measure samples with TEA activities up to 400IU/L without any dilution. In addition, the different enzymes contributing to TEA were characterized, being identified carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI), lipase, cholinesterase (ChE) and cholesterol esterase (CEL). TEA significantly increased (1.49-fold, P<0.01) in healthy pigs just after applying an acute stress stimulus consisting of nasal restraint, being lipase and cholinesterase the main responsible of this increase. TEA was significantly increased (1.83-fold, P<0.001) in a group of pigs with lameness; in this case, in addition to lipase and ChE, CA-VI also increased. The results found in this report indicate that TEA can be easily measured in porcine saliva with an accurate and highly reproducible automated method. Salivary TEA is mainly due to the activity of four enzymes: CA-VI, lipase, ChE and CEL, and these enzymes can change in a different way in situations of stress or disease.
•Total esterase activity TEA) can be measured in porcine saliva.•TEA is integrated by various different enzymes.•Components of TEA respond in a different way in acute stress and lameness.•TEA increased after acute stress due to lipase and cholinesterase activities.•TEA increased in lame pigs due to carbonic anhydrase VI, lipase and cholinesterase.
Pigs are a reservoir for hepatitis E virus (HEV). To determine the relative contribution of game to the risk for human HEV infection in southwestern France, we tested wildlife samples. HEV RNA was in ...3.3% of wildlife livers, indicating that in this region, eating game meat is as risky as eating pork.
Bu çalışmada, Antalya ilinde yer alan beş yıldızlı otellerin iç mekânlarında kullanılan bitki türü tercihlerinin, bitkisel tasarım kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmesi ve bakım uygulamalarının ...belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin en önemli turizm destinasyonlarının başında gelen Antalya İlinde bulunan yirmi otelde yer alan iç mekan bitkileri, yerinde yapılan gözlemler ve sorumlu departmanlarla yapılan görüşmeler ile işlevleri, bakım uygulamaları, bitkisel tasarım öğeleri ve ilkeleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ekonomik kaygılar ve bakım zorluklarından dolayı tercih edilen iç mekan bitkisi seçiminde genellikle az bakım isteyen ve ekonomik bitkilerin seçildiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bitkilerin estetik özelikleri ve vurgu yapma işlevleri nedeniyle bitkisel tasarımlarda yer bulurken, hava kalitesini iyileştirme, insan psikolojisine olumlu katkı sağlama, iş verimini artırma, sınırlama ve yönlendirme işlevlerinin nispeten ön plana çıkmadığı belirlenmiştir.
This study investigated the in vivo antihypertensive activity of three novel peptides identified in the in vitro digest of pork meat. These peptides were RPR, KAPVA and PTPVP and all of them showed ...significant antihypertensive activity after oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats, RPR being the peptide with the greatest in vivo activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the in vivo antihypertensive action of the three peptides from nebulin (RPR) and titin (KAPVA and PTPVP), thus confirming their reported in vitro angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. These findings suggest that pork meat could constitute a source of bioactive constituents that could be utilized in functional foods or nutraceuticals.
Cell-secreted vesicles, such as exosomes, have recently been recognized as mediators of cell communication. A recent study in cattle showed the involvement of exosome-like vesicles in the control of ...cumulus expansion, a prerequisite process for normal ovulation; however, whether this is the case in other mammalian species is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the presence of exosome-like vesicles in ovarian follicles and their effects on cumulus expansion in vitro in pigs. The presence of exosome-like vesicles in porcine follicular fluid (pFF) was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic observation, the detection of marker proteins, and RNA profiles specific to exosomes. Fluorescently labeled exosome-like vesicles isolated from pFF were incorporated into both cumulus and mural granulosa cells in vitro. Exosome-like vesicles were not capable of inducing cumulus expansion to a degree comparable to that induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Moreover, exosome-like vesicles had no significant effects on the expression levels of transcripts required for the normal expansion process (HAS2, TNFAIP6, and PTGS2). Interestingly, FSH-induced expression of HAS2 and TNFAIP6 mRNA, but not of PTGS2 mRNA, was significantly increased by the presence of exosome-like vesicles; however, the degree of FSH-induced expansion was not affected. In addition, porcine exosome-like vesicles had no significant effects on the expansion of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes. Collectively, the present results suggest that exosome-like vesicles are present in pFF, but they are not efficient in inducing cumulus expansion in pigs.
This chapter contains sections titled:
Geographical, Climatic, and Chronological Setting
Neo ‐ Elamite Beginnings
Surveys
Royal Residences
Tombs, Burials
“Pavilion” Sites
Other Remains of Achaemenid ...Infrastructure
Transition
Guide to Further Reading
Évaluer les caractéristiques des patients nonagénaires présentant un SCA ST− à troponine positive et bénéficiant d’une coronarographie.
Les patients inclus entre 2014 et 2017 dans le registre ...multicentrique de cardiologie interventionnelle « CRAC » et présentant un SCA ST− à troponine positive ont été séparé en 2 groupes : moins de 90 ans et plus de 90 ans. Ces 2 groupes ont été comparés en analyse bi-variée sur les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et procédurales pour l’ensemble de la période d’inclusion et sur les données de suivi uniquement pour la période de 2014–2015.
Du 1er janvier 2014 au 31 décembre 2017, 5964 patients présentant un SCA sans sus ST à troponine positive dont 133 nonagénaires (2,2 %) ont été inclus. Le sexe féminin, le faible poids, l’hypertension artérielle, le statut non fumeur et l’antécédent d’angioplastie coronaire étaient plus fréquents chez les nonagénaires. Ces patients étaient également d’avantage pluritronculaires ou porteurs de lésion du tronc commun et l’implantation de stents nus y était majoritaire en 2014–2015 (53 %) puis devenue marginale en 2016–2017 (16,3 %). En association avec l’Aspirine, le Clopidogrel était l’antiagrégant plaquettaire le plus utilisé après angioplastie coronaire chez le sujet très âgé (90,3 % versus 38,5 % ; p<0,0001) et plus d’un nonagénaire sur deux restait sous bithérapie après 12 mois. Le taux d’AVC (10,3 % versus 0,74 % ; p=0,002) et la mortalité à un an (18,2 % versus 5,2 % ; p=0,0078) étaient logiquement plus importants dans cette population.
Les nonagénaires présentant un SCA sans sus ST à troponine positive et ayant bénéficié d’une coronarographie, bien qu’ayant une coronaropathie plus sévère et un pronostic à 1 an beaucoup plus grave, bénéficient moins souvent de stents actifs ou des nouveaux P2Y12 que ceux de moins de 90 ans.
To compare the clinical, angiographic, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of nonagenarians presenting with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome with those of patients under 90 years of age.
We used the CRAC register database including 6 catheterization laboratories in the Center Val-de-Loire region. Only patients with positive-troponin non-ST elevation ACS included in the registry from 2014 to 2017 were selected for epidemiological and procedural data. Regarding antiplatelet therapy, hospital and one-year follow-up data, only patients in the 2014–2015 period were analyzed.
From January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2017, 5.964 patients with a positive-troponin non-ST ACS, including 133 nonagenarians (2.2%) were included in the CRAC registry. Arterial hypertension and the history of coronary angioplasty were more common among nonagenarians. They present more multivessel and left main disease. The use of the bare metal stent was predominant in 2014–2015 and then became marginal in 2016–2017. Clopidogrel was the most widely used anti platelet and more than one in two nonagenarians remain on dual therapy after 12 months. One-year stroke and hospital and one-year mortality were higher in this age group.
Nonagenarians with a positive-troponin non-ST elevation ACS have more severe coronary artery disease and a poorer prognosis than those younger than 90 years of age.
We report the observation of kinesin driven quantum dots (QDs) trapped in a microtubule loop, allowing the investigation of moving QDs for a long time and an unprecedented long distance. The QD ...conjugates did not depart from our observational field of view, enabling the tracking of specific conjugates for more than 5 min. The unusually long run length and the periodicity caused by the loop track allow comparing and studying the trajectory of the kinesin driven QDs for more than 2 full laps, i.e., about 70 μm, enabling a statistical analysis of interactions of the same kinesin driven object with the same obstacle. The trajectories were extracted and analyzed from kymographs with a newly developed algorithm. Despite dispersion, several repetitive trajectory patterns can be identified. A method evaluating the similarity is introduced allowing a quantitative comparison between the trajectories. The velocity variations appear strongly correlated to the presence of obstacles. We discuss the reasons making this long continuous travel distances on the loop track possible.
Les infarctus isolés du ventricule droit sont rares et leur présentation peut parfois prendre celle d’un infarctus antérieur. Nous décrivons deux cas d’infarctus isolés du ventricule droit se ...présentant à l’électrocardiogramme avec un sus-décalage dans le territoire antérieur. Le premier est révélé par un arrêt cardiaque préhospitalier lié à une fibrillation ventriculaire. L’évolution est défavorable malgré une thrombolyse préhospitalière efficace, et une angioplastie complémentaire de la coronaire droite. Le second survient au décours d’une angioplastie complexe de la coronaire droite compliquée d’une occlusion d’une marginale du bord droit. Ces deux cas illustrent les limites diagnostiques de l’ECG pour le diagnostic des infarctus isolés du ventricule droit et les difficultés du diagnostic différentiel avec un infarctus antérieur, qui peut conditionner le traitement et le pronostic.
Isolated right ventricular acute myocardial infarction is rare and its presentation can sometimes mimic an anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We reported two cases of isolated right ventricular acute myocardial infarction presenting with a ST-elevation in anterior leads. The first case was admitted for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. The patient died from neurologic consequences of the cardiac arrest, despite a successful prehospital thrombolysis, followed by a percutaneous angioplasty of the right coronary artery. The second case occurred after a complex percutaneous angioplasty of the right coronary artery, complicated by a total occlusion of a right marginal branch. These two cases illustrate the limits of the ECG for the diagnosis of isolated right ventricular acute infarction, and the difficulties of the differential diagnosis with anterior infarction, which may determine the treatment and the prognosis.
•Blood swabs are suitable for a reliable ASF and CSF virus detection.•Different swabs and extraction protocols could be robustly used.•Forensic swabs showed advantages in terms of cutting and further ...storage.•Pragmatic approach for passive swine fever diagnosis.
In view of the fact that African swine fever (ASF) was recently introduced into the wild boar population of the European Union and that classical swine fever (CSF) keeps reoccurring, targeted surveillance is of utmost importance for early detection. Introduction of both diseases is usually accompanied by an increased occurrence of animals found dead. Thus, fallen wild boar are the main target for passive surveillance. However, encouraging reporting by hunters and sampling of these animals is difficult. Partly, these problems could be solved by providing a pragmatic sampling approach. For this reason, we assessed the applicability of three different dry/semi-dry blood swabs, namely a cotton swab, a flocked swab, and a forensic livestock swab, for molecular swine fever diagnosis. After nucleic acid extraction using manual and automated systems, routine quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) were carried out. Results obtained from swabs or their fragments were compared to results generated from EDTA blood.
It was shown that reliable detection of both pathogens was possible by qPCR. Shifts in genome copy numbers were observed, but they did not change the qualitative results. In general, all swabs were suitable, but the forensic swab showed slight advantages, especially in terms of cutting and further storage. Robustness of the method was confirmed by the fact that different extraction methods and protocols as well as storage at room temperature did not have an influence on the final outcome. Taken together, swab samples could be recommended as a pragmatic approach to sample fallen wild boar.
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