Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Fortunately, recent developments in suicide theory and research promise to meaningfully advance knowledge and prevention. One ...key development is the ideation-to-action framework, which stipulates that (
a
) the development of suicidal ideation and (
b
) the progression from ideation to suicide attempts are distinct phenomena with distinct explanations and predictors. A second key development is a growing body of research distinguishing factors that predict ideation from those that predict suicide attempts. For example, it is becoming clear that depression, hopelessness, most mental disorders, and even impulsivity predict ideation, but these factors struggle to distinguish those who have attempted suicide from those who have only considered suicide. Means restriction is also emerging as a highly effective way to block progression from ideation to attempt. A third key development is the proliferation of theories of suicide that are positioned within the ideation-to-action framework. These include the interpersonal theory, the integrated motivational-volitional model, and the three-step theory. These perspectives can and should inform the next generation of suicide research and prevention.
Electrodermal activity (EDA) and other peripheral autonomic electrical parameters have been used as indicators of emotional states, including depressive states and suicidal state. We aimed to review ...EDA research systematically, focusing on EDA's usefulness as a biomarker for depression and suicidal behaviour.
We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. The initial screening of articles was based on titles and abstracts; then the full text was reviewed. A preliminary synthesis of findings was developed using tables, thematic analysis and quality ratings.
1287 articles were screened and 77 relevant studies were identified and included in the systematic review. The studies were fairly consistent in maintaining that hypoactive electrodermal response is an established feature of patients affected by depression. There is also preliminary evidence that monitoring EDA may help to differentiate the phases of mood disorders. A few studies provided evidence that EDA can be used to differentiate acutely suicidal subjects from depressed patients who are not severely suicidal. Although EDA has been shown to be a valid, sensitive marker of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and violent suicidal behaviour, it also seems to be influenced to some extent by antidepressant treatment.
Most of the studies summarised in this review are quite outdated and employed a variety of designs and methods to evaluate EDA. This limits the generalisability of the results and makes it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the role of EDA in real-world settings. Electrodermal hypoactivity seems to be a reliable feature of depression and a valid marker of suicidal risk. Nevertheless, the potential utility of EDA in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning for depression and suicidal behaviour, should be thoroughly studied.
Starting from the bio-psycho-social concept developed by Petre Branzei it is obvious that suicide has a complex motivation that combines genetic, psychological and social elements. The paper aims to ...analyze the social motivation in various countries of the European Union as the underlying mechanism triggering the suicidal gesture and especially the "trigger" factor that determines the transition to the act, are still unclear. It is most likely that important endocrine factors, possibly explaining the decrease in suicide rates in Europe from north to south, are involved. The decrease from east to west seems to be the consequence of higher living standards in the west, but also of more effective prophylactic measures in these countries. KEYWORDS: Suicide attempt, prophylaxis, triggers.
Suicidal behavior is a major socio-health concern at both global and national levels. Nevertheless, in the context of Spanish psychology few measuring instruments exist that have been validated with ...norm scores from representative samples of the adolescent population. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to present the Paykel Suicide Scale as a tool for assessing suicidal behavior in Spanish youth. First, a brief conceptual delimitation of suicidal behavior is made, and epidemiological data, psychological models, and risk and protection factors are mentioned. Second, the suicide assessment is presented as a nuclear axis for detection, identification, prevention, and intervention as well as in order to advance in our understanding of this phenomenon. Thirdly, the Paykel Suicide Scale is introduced, along with its psychometric properties, and specifically, its scale norms in the Spanish adolescent population. Finally, we conclude with a recapitulation. The Paykel Scale seems to be a brief, simple, useful instrument, with adequate psychometric properties to measure or screen suicidal behavior in adolescents. It can be used to assess mental health status in general examinations, as well as in educational, health, and social contexts. It is crucial for the professional psychologist to have adequate tools for assessing suicidal behavior in order to make informed decisions and to manage educational and socio-health resources effectively
El suicidio es un problema de salud a nivel mundial, siendo la conducta suicida uno de los predictores de mortalidad por suicidio; sin embargo, su valoracion aun sigue siendo compleja. Aunque la ...cantidad de literatura que ha abordado distintas perspectivas de la conducta suicida es abundante, se requiere ahondar en nuevos mEtodos que permitan una valoracion rapida y objetiva de Esta, proporcionando a los clinicos y pacientes, un sistema de evaluacion que registre los cambios de estados emocionales de manera dinamica. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue proporcionar una vision general de la morfologia de los potenciales evocados auditivos de latencia tardia p300 y su rol en la evaluacion de la conducta suicida. PALABRAS CLAVE: Adolescente; Comportamientos adolescentes; Salud en adolescentes; Suicidio; Conducta suicida; Electrofisiologia; Potenciales evocados; Potenciales evocados a eventos; P300.
The Questionnaire on Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) is widely used to evaluate the views of an individual regarding acceptability of suicide and orientation towards suicide prevention. However, ...recent findings suggest that it requires some revision. The present study examines the factor structure of the ATTS questionnaire in two Polish samples, consisting of 239 students (sample one) and 128 students (sample two) of the helping professions. The previously-established 10-factor model was not supported by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Theoretical revaluation of the scale followed by factor analysis suggested that the best fit was provided by a five-factor model accounting for 48.2% of the variance. The adapted Polish ATTS questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability and validity; however, the factor loading patterns and factor structure varied from earlier studies. These improvements in the ATTS theoretical base and construct validity may enhance the utility of the revised scale.
Not since the great military suicide epidemic of the American Civil War have we seen so many of our heroes, our soldiers and veterans, die by suicide. Why? War is violence. There is intent to cause ...death, or serious injury, or threat to the physical and psychological integrity of others. War stress is unforgiving. Suicide is an all too frequent response. Today, one member of the military dies by suicide every day. This is a new epidemic. This book addresses some tough questions: What do we know about suicides in the military? Are rates high? Or low? Is military suicide the same or different in the United States and Canada? Is military culture relevant? Do we know the causes, patterns, and associations? Is suicide among the armed forces similar to or different from suicide among civilians? Can it be altruistic? Through individual case studies and general/population approaches, we attempt to understand the cost of military service. It is especially through the personal stories of the great Civil War hero General Emory Upton, Admiral of the Navy Mike Boorda, and Hospital Corpsman Chris Purcell that we find answers. We learn there is a relative lack of understanding about military suicides, mainly due to the very complexity of suicide. The nature of suicide is not monolithic--it is multi-determined. Military service, we find, is a risk factor for suicide and suicidal behavior. Military veterans are twice as likely as civilians to die by suicide. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain Injury (TBI) are especially noted to be huge risk factors, but so are other physical and psychological injuries. Sadly, the aftershocks of war include not only suicides but also incarceration, motor vehicle accidents, homicides, homicide(s)-suicides, and many more faces of violence. And there are many more, uncounted, wounded and dead. The families of traumatized soldiers and veterans, too, are indirect victims of their traumatic experience and, for some, their suicides; there is secondary traumatization. Yet, as this book shows, we must not forget that despite the unbearable pain of war, soldiers, veterans, and their military families, including children, are typically resilient. They can survive! Without question, our vulnerable heroes and veterans are at risk for suicide. But there is secrecy surrounding this, which may well be the biggest barrier. The government, the Department of Defense, the military, veterans groups, survivors, health providers, and other stakeholders need to develop and support more research, more programs, and more care for suicidal and disabled armed services personnel, veterans, and survivors. This war stress needs to stop.
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART ONE Introduction
CHAPTER 1 The Military and Suicide
CHAPTER 2 Suicide
CHAPTER 3 The Psychological Autopsy
PART TWO Historical Study
CHAPTER 4 Military Suicide: A Classic Population Study
CHAPTER 5 Military Suicide: A Historical Individual Case Study
PART THREE Current Study
CHAPTER 6 Suicide among the American Armed Forces
CHAPTER 7 Suicide among the Canadian Forces
CHAPTER 8 Surveillance and the Reliability of Military Suicide Statistics
PART FOUR Beyond Suicide
CHAPTER 9 The Many Faces of Violence: Homicide, Accidental Deaths, Self-Harm, and Incarceration
PART FIVE Military Efforts
CHAPTER 10 The Psychology of Military Suicide
CHAPTER 11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
CHAPTER 12 Suicide Prevention in the Military
PART SIX A Case Study
CHAPTER 13 A Soldier’s Story Told: A Psychological Autopsy
PART SEVEN Prevention and Policies
CHAPTER 14 Military Suicide: Policies and Prevention
References
Index
Pour plusieurs, l'école doit devenir un important lieu de prévention du suicide chez les jeunes. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage se sont intéressés à la question afin de mieux connaître l'expérience, le ...sentiment de compétence et le désir d'engagement des enseignants québécois relativement à la détresse psychologique et à la prévention du suicide chez les élèves au secondaire.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs) are significant public health challenges that affect a variety of individuals and communities. Despite numerous efforts to discover and refine psychotherapy ...treatments to minimize STBs, the efficacy of STB treatments remains unclear.
Conduct a scoping review to assess the efficacy of using psychotherapy treatments to minimize STBs among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR) to screen 163 studies published between 2010 and 2021.
A total of seven articles that fulfil the eligibility criteria reported that psychotherapy treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder were found to be effective and applicable approaches to minimize the severity of the OCD symptoms and STBs, despite variance in studies' target samples, types of interventions, periods and indicators.
The current review has provided evidence showing the significant effects of psychotherapy treatments on various health-related aspects of life for individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and it is recommended to use them for enhancing treatment outcomes and minimizing STBs.
This scoping review verifies the formalization and incorporation of psychotherapy treatments for OCD to minimize STBs into standard practice and highlights the importance of mental health professionals being part of the implementation of these treatments.
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