The objective of this research was to focus on a new approach to consequence assessment of a company’s technological development. In view of the impact of a company’s technical and technological ...development regime on the efficiency of its operation, we used the method of assessing the core business along with pairwise comparisons to assess the basic business potential of a single company and related groups. Our proposed method for evaluating the business core was based on the technique of pairwise comparisons using the work of T. Saaty along with Fishburn’s method. We analyzed the hierarchical structure of the chosen enterprises using the following metrics: products, consumers, intangible assets, distribution channels and capital. In order to identify the technological basis of the enterprise’s competitive advantages, we first initiated a decomposition of the enterprise’s technological structure: business core, periphery and prospects. We used data obtained from the machine-tool sector of Ukraine, a country which demonstrates how a lack of effective technological development along with inadequate tools for the development and implementation of technological strategies can lead to significant destructive effects on national competitiveness. In particular, we pointed to a decrease in rates of return and profitability of production. In conclusion, we argue that a passive management policy of an enterprise with regard to its technological development can lead to catastrophic consequences for competitiveness in terms of innovation and development.
Since the demonstration of the first modern silicon solar cells at Bell Labs in 1954, it took 58 years until the cumulative installed photovoltaic electricity generation capacity had reached 100 GW ...by the end of 2012. Then, it took another five years to reach an annual installation capacity of over 100 GW in 2017 and close to 120 GW in 2019. As a consequence, the total world-wide installed photovoltaic electricity generation capacity exceeded 635 GW at the end of 2019. Although it witnessed a 20% and 25% decrease in annual installations in 2018 and 2019, respectively, China was again the largest market with 30 GW of annual installations. The number of countries in the club with more than 1 GW annually has increased to 18 countries in 2019. The use of local battery storage systems in solar farms as well as decentralized photovoltaic electricity generation systems combined has again increased, due to the falling storage system costs.
•Artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes how innovation is organized.•AI overcomes human constraints in information processing.•AI helps to generate innovations.•AI exerts a transformative impact on ...the digital organization of innovation.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) reshapes companies and how innovation management is organized. Consistent with rapid technological development and the replacement of human organization, AI may indeed compel management to rethink a company's entire innovation process. In response, we review and explore the implications for future innovation management. Using ideas from the Carnegie School and the behavioral theory of the firm, we review the implications for innovation management of AI technologies and machine learning-based AI systems. We outline a framework showing the extent to which AI can replace humans and explain what is important to consider in making the transformation to the digital organization of innovation. We conclude our study by exploring directions for future research.
Considering the vastness of time and space, if one civilization — ours — has been able to advance technologically to the point of leaving its own planet, why technosignatures from other advanced ...extraterrestrial civilizations have never been identified? In this paper, I offer an explanation for that, developing an insight originally presented by Webb and others and using insights from astrobiology, sustainability and archaeology. I argue that there exists a universal limit to technological development (ULTD), determined by decreasing technological returns on societal complexity, increasing maintenance costs of existing technology, the eventual untestability of scientific theories due to the high costs involved and the unattainable energy levels needed to test them and civilization-damaging catastrophes. I also argue, based on the principle of mediocrity, that the ULTD is not much above our current level of technological development. Technology, therefore, will not be able to provide another home to humankind. Such a possibility should be taken into consideration during the decision-making process concerning both the allocation of resources to research or mitigation of technology-induced planetary changes and the definition of goals to space exploration.
•The Fermi Paradox may be solved by the existence of a Universal Limit for Technological Development (ULTD).•The ULTD prevents extraterrestrial civilizations of reaching a technological level that allows for space colonization.•The principle of mediocrity suggests that we may be close to the ULTD.•SETI programs function as a “cosmic bottle-messaging”: no sustained intercivilizational communication will ever happen.
In this study, we examine the effects of technological development (via fertilizer and pesticide consumption) and information and communication technology (ICT) on cereal production in four ASEAN ...countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) from 1991 to 2018. For empirical investigation, this study used advanced econometric methodologies. The estimated results demonstrate the long-run co-integration relationship between the variables. Pooled mean group (PMG)-based empirical results show that technological development (via fertilizer consumption and pesticide use) significantly increases cereal production in the long-run after confirming the long-run association among the variables of interest. Similarly, ICT also significantly enhances cereal production in the long-run. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that technological development and ICT play an important role in increasing cereal production and ensuring food security in the selected ASEAN countries. Furthermore, the findings of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H) causality test show unidirectional causality from fertilizer consumption and pesticide use to cereal production, as well as bidirectional causality between ICT and cereal production. In this regard, it is critical for local farmers to produce high added value through technological development while also serving as a regional base and supply center in agriculture. To ensure that technological innovations enhance productivity, ICT-based agriculture, and the adoption of technology in the production of agricultural products, governments should promote locally sustainable ICTs, such as mobile phones and Internet-based digital tools and services.
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•The impacts of technological advancement and ICT on cereal production are examined.•Technological advancement and ICT enhance cereal production in the long-run.•Bidirectional causality is discovered between ICT and cereal production.•Unidirectional causality is shown from fertilizer and pesticide to cereal production.
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•Froth flotation of fine and coarse particles is studied, focusing on cell designs.•Generating micro-bubbles, intensive turbulence, and high gas hold-up are advantages of intensified ...cells.•Scaling up/down procedures for the intensified cells are found unclear.•Positioning the optimum location of discussed cells in flotation circuits is found challenging.
After more than a century applying flotation to the mining industry, two completely different strategies have been introduced for processing purposes. One is the classical approach viz. grinding ores to a certain extent (fine particles) and floating them via conventional mechanical and pneumatic cells i.e., Jameson, Imhoflot™ and Reflux™. This strategy continues because mines face declining cut-off grades, complex and poly-mineralized ores, and they are required to achieve an acceptable degree of mineral liberation. The other school of thought deals with coarse particle processes mainly owing to the low energy requirements, that includes SkimAir® flash, fluidized bed and HydroFloat™ cells. There is no study in the literature to comparatively present the recent developments of flotation apparatuses versus the conventional mechanical cells. To cover this knowledge gap in the literature, the present paper endeavors to critically evaluate these concepts from several points of view, including existing technological advancements, water and energy usage, kinetics, and circuit design. A brief introduction of advanced technologies, along with their applications is presented. The data from literature and case studies showed that the Jameson, Imhoflot™ and recently developed Reflux™ flotation cells can be very effective for recovering fine particles owing to their specific hydrodynamic designs, intensive energy dissipation rate and generation of micron-sized bubbles (100–700 µm). Very low (less than a few minutes) mean particle residence time, high gas-hold up (ca. 50–70 %), no agitation and high efficiency of particle-bubble collision were identified as their main advantages compared to traditional mechanical flotation cells. In addition to their common applications in cleaner stage, these cells were used in pre-flotation and scalping (producing final concentrate from the rougher feed) duties. Their main challenges were recognized as relatively unclear procedure on their scale up/down, optimization and simulation. The HydroFloat™ cell was indicated as a promising technology for recovering coarse particle fraction sizes by taking advantage of the fluidized-bed concept with plug-flow dispersion regime, high particle residence time, and limited cell turbulence. We finally concluded that fine particle flotation may remain as the main focus of re-processing tailings dams, while coarse particle treatment should be the focus of this century to reduce total energy consumptions.
The article is concerned with the main trends of technical and technological development, which are characteristic of the world economy in the 21st century. The facts of economic history relating to ...technical and technological development demonstrate the periodic change in technological leadership of certain countries of the world. The system of indicators is singled out, on the basis of which the country’s place in the global technological space is diagnosed, as well as the forecasting of further trends in its development on the path of scientific and technological progress is carried out. Based on the world rankings on the total domestic costs of science, their share in the gross domestic product of the country, the cost of R&D per researcher (equivalent to full employment) shows the provisions of individual countries as to financial support of technical and technological development. The research potential is described on the basis of such indicator as the total number of researchers in a particular country. It is demonstrated that these indicators, describing in its totality the level of provision of a particular country with financial and labor resources, through which new knowledge is created, do not always indicate its success. With the involvement of the indicators of research and patent activity (which reflect the number of published articles and submitted applications for patents), as well as the global index of innovations, plus the index of development of information and communication technologies (which characterize the result of technical and technological development achieved by the country), the directions of advancement of countries in terms of technology and technology are determined. It is identified that the provision of resources for the production of new knowledge is a necessary, but insufficient condition for obtaining technological primacy in the world. It is proposed to evaluate the positions achieved by the country on the path of technical and technological development through the formation of an internal indicator, which reflects both its provision of resources for the production of new knowledge and the degree of return on their use. It is proved that this approach to the evaluation of technical and technological development allows to obtain more thorough information about its sources and factors, as well as to identify weaknesses on which the country should focus to promote scientific and technological progress.
Meat consumption is influenced by various kinds of factors, among them health implications. Different strategies can be effective in developing meat-based functional foods. These basically entail ...reducing the presence of compounds with negative health implications and enhancing the presence of beneficial compounds. This article reviews a comprehensive model for the development of meat-based functional foods based on a presentation of the research achieved in terms of the design and development of qualitatively and quantitatively modified meat products (frankfurters, patties and restructured steaks). These were reformulated to incorporate nutrients associated with three different seaweeds (wakame–Undaria pinnatifida; nori–Porphyra umbilicalis; and sea spaghetti–Himanthalia elongata) as sources of bioactive substances, while simultaneously reducing sodium and fat and improving fatty acid profiles. Those seaweeds were chosen, because in terms of composition and health implications, abundance on Spanish coasts, relatively widespread consumption, and suitability in terms of flavour and colour they are better suited than others for use as ingredients in new products. It also discusses the consequences of the use of this type of meat-based functional foods (combination of pork meat and 5% of each seaweed with or without hypercholesterolaemic agent included in the diets) on growing animals (Wistar male rats), and their effects on different aspects of lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress and liver structure. This article, then, reports a comprehensive approach to the production of seaweed-enriched meat products, considering aspects of technological development aimed at achieving the functional effect.
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•The design and development of different meat products with added seaweed was analyzed.•Seaweeds can be used as strategy for healthy meat products formulation.•Assessment of healthy properties of seaweed-enriched meat products was evaluated.•The effects induced by the different algae in diets are independent and not necessarily interlinked.•The use of seaweeds as strategy for meat-based functional foods production was demonstrated.
•Categorized the attacks through the deep-learning method employing existing datasets.•Proposed a framework to add IDS as a program within IoT networks.•Designed a protection strategy for IoT network ...to maintain its integrity and provide its availability to legitimate users seamlessly.
The Internet of Things (IoT) idea has been developed to enhance people's lives by delivering a diverse range of smart interconnected devices and applications in several domains. However, security threats are main critical challenges for the devices in an IoT environment. Many approaches have been proposed to secure IoT appliances in state of the art, still advancement is desirable. Machine learning has demonstrated a capability to detect patterns when other methodologies have collapsed. One advanced method to enhance IoT security is to employ deep learning. This formulates a seamless option for anomaly-based detection. This paper presents a CNN-based approach for anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) that takes advantage of IoT's power, providing qualities to efficiently examine whole traffic across the IoT. The proposed model shows ability to detect any possible intrusion and abnormal traffic behavior. The model is trained and tested using the NID Dataset and BoT-IoT datasets and achieved an accuracy of 99.51% and 92.85%, respectively.
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