Nowadays Life Cycle Assessment is the most popular tool that can be used to see environmental load of a machine, a product or a process. LCA defines the impact throughout the life of a product, from ...the extraction or production of raw material from natural resources, through production, use and final disposal. This method focuses on the assessment of the impact of the tested object on the area of the ecosystem, human health and the resources use. LCA is a very helpful tool in the environmental assessment that is required and results from the current policy of the European Union, which requires the member states to minimize the harmful impact on the environment of every aspect of human life. The publication discusses the LCA life cycle assessment method as one of the methods allowing to estimate the environmental impact of a technological process or some product. The article shows also the history of LCA, the individual stages, advantages and disadvantage this method. This paper it is also an introduction to carry out LCA analysis on the example of a process with the use of the shrink film.
One of the main indicators of quality of grain flours is the enzyme content. The most important enzymes on the wheat flour are the a - amylase and the b - amylase. Unique for wheat flour dough are ...its rheological properties, namely elasticity and extensibility, which are largely due to the properties of gluten formed during kneading and how it interacts with other components of flour and product ingredients. In the present paper are presented the experimental results regarding the falling index Hagberg and determination the main rheological properties - tenacity, extensibility, elasticity, and baking strengthfor differently wheat flour types produced, from 2021 production. The research is important for specialists in the field, in terms of the need to apply the corrections that must be made to flour in the technological process of baking, in order to obtain quality products. The main objective of this work was to improve the knowledge regarding the qualitative analysis of wheat and to improve the quality of flour by adding improvers in the field of the variability of the quality parameters of wheat, which is an annoying feature of the Romanian crops.
Purpose. When solving practical problems that require the creation and further analysis of the model, an important criterion is the labour intensity of modeling. In this regard, the article is aimed ...at formalizing the modeling process and using the method of step-by-step modeling for the design of technological processes. This approach allows you to design processes and tasks according to the following stages: physical modeling, mathematical modeling, discrete computer modeling and simulation. Methodology. To solve the problem, a methodology of step-by-step modeling is used. The simulation involves 3 stages and uses the decomposition algorithm, i. e. considers the problem from global to detailed. At the first stage of this implementation, the necessary information is collected for the experiment. This information is presented in the form of statistics. In the second stage, further processing takes place, which is performed by checking the compliance of the input data and the process with the question of how this process should be performed. The last stage is the simulation of passages of this fragment, which is represented by a chain of transitions, obtaining statistics of time efficiency of this process, weaknesses of the process and the ability to compare the results obtained during modeling and in the real process, as well as the ability to predict future results and actions. Findings. The technique can be used to study complex technological processes in the enterprise. It allows modeling of complex processes to obtain information about the time efficiency of the technological operation, finding weaknesses in it and patterns in the occurrence of random events that may affect the operation. Using this approach can be very effective in the systems that require constant real-time monitoring, as this tool can be modified by adding sensor kits that will constantly send information to the system or equip an additional system that will provide ready-made information packets. Originality. The method of step-by-step modeling of representation has been improved, which consists in the simultaneous use of physical, mathematical and simulation modeling of complex processes with a set of stages of their implementation. Practical value. The proposed technique is designed for step-by-step modeling of the technological process with the subsequent construction of simulation programming.
Мета. Для вирішення практичних завдань, що вимагають створення й подальшого аналізу моделі, важливим критерієм є трудомісткість моделювання. У зв’язку з цим метою статті є формалізація процесу моделювання та використання методики поетапного моделювання для проєктування технологічних процесів. Такий підхід дозволяє проєктувати процеси та завдання за такими етапами: фізичне моделювання, математичне моделювання, дискретне комп’ютерне моделювання та імітаційне моделювання. Методика. Для розв’язку задачі використовують методологію поетапного моделювання. Для моделювання використовують алгоритм декомпозиції, тобто розглядають задачу від глобального до детального. На першому етапі цієї реалізації проводять збір необхідної інформації для експерименту. Цю інформацію представляють у вигляді статистики. На другому етапі здійснюють подальшу обробку інформаціїї шляхом перевірки на відповідність вхідних даних і процесу та питання, як потрібно виконувати цей процес. На останньому етапі відбувається моделювання проходжень цього фрагмента, який представлений ланцюгом переходів, отримання статистики часової ефективності процесу, його слабких місць і можливість порівняти результати отримані під час моделювання та в реальному процесі, а також можливість спрогнозувати результати й дії в системі на майбутнє. Результати. Методика може бути використана для дослідження складних технологічних процесів на підприємстві. Вона дозволяє моделювати складні процеси для отримання інформації про часову ефективність виконання технологічної операції, знаходження слабких місць у ній та закономірностей у виниканні випадкових подій, що можуть вплинути на операцію. Використання цього підходу може бути досить ефективним у рамках систем, у яких необхідний постійний контроль у режимі реального часу, оскільки цей підхід можна модифікувати додаванням наборів датчиків, що будуть постійно надсилати інформацію до системи, або доповнити додатковою системою, що буде надавати вже готові пакети інформації. Наукова новизна. Удосконалено методику поетапного моделювання представлення, що полягає в одночасному використанні фізичного, математичного та імітаційного моделювання складних процесів з набором етапів їх реалізації. Практична значимість. Запропонована методика призначена для поетапного моделювання технологічного процесу з подальшою побудовою імітаційного програмування.
This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. Barite is an important non-metallic mineral with the characteristics of large proportion, non-toxic, non-magnetic, easy to absorb ...rays, etc. It is mainly used for oil and gas drilling mud weighting agent, preparation of barium-containing chemical products and barium alloys. China is a major exporter of barite. This paper conducts beneficiation test research on low-grade barite ore from Guizhou, China. After the closed-circuit test of “one roughing, one scavenging and two cleaning”, sodium carbonate as regulator, water glass as inhibitor and sodium dodecyl sulfate as collector, a barite concentrate with a BaSO4 grade of 90.38% and a recovery of 91.78% has been obtained. The test technical indicators are good, and the concentrate meets the requirements of the first grade chemical barite. The research results can provide important technical support and reference for the development and utilization of barite resources.
In this paper is presented a case study on the analysis of the technological process using a statistical program. To analyze the technological process it is necessary to take into account the volume ...of the sample. The analyzed characteristic is of a landmark that is part of the whole of a milk processing machine. Based on the summary diagram, based on the determination of the values of statistical parameters and technological process capability indices, the analysis of the technological process capability is made and conclusions are drawn regarding the process.
Most pasta products in the hotel and restaurant sector of Kyiv region are made of flour and water; of course, their chemical composition is relatively poor. Most such products, according to DSTU ...7043:2009 Pasta products. General technical conditions refer to group C, produced at domestic enterprises. According to the results of the assortment research, it was established that 85 % of pasta products of classes A and B from durum wheat are represented by imported products. According to various estimates, durum wheat pasta exceeds group C pasta in terms of nutritional composition by approximately 1.5 times. Pasta products from durum wheat contain 13% moisture, 10–13 % proteins, up to 2 % fat, 64–75 % carbohydrates, 0.1–0.2 % fiber, B vitamins, and PP. However, instant pasta also plays an important role, actively gaining popularity among the population. Due to their ease of preparation and richness of taste, these products are widely distributed in the hotel and restaurant sector of the Kyiv region. Instant pasta is consumed in over 80 countries and has become an internationally recognized food. It is believed that the whole world owes the invention of instant pasta to Japan. In this country, instant vermicelli was recognized as the most significant invention of the twentieth century. The main goal of this work is to reduce the fat content in pasta products – instant vermicelli (VSHP), prepared by frying in oil, which is produced on the production line of a pasta enterprise, to 17 %. At the first stage of the research, the rational range of potassium carbonate (К3СО3) introduction into the brine recipe was determined for the quality of the VSHP. After conducting a series of experiments, it was confirmed that the fat content in vermicelli briquettes was reduced. The introduction of potassium carbonate is accompanied by a decrease in the fat content of VSHP from 1.2 %. Therefore, the amount of K3СО3 influences the fat content in vermicelli briquettes. According to the results of the conducted research, the feasibility of implementing the technology of changing the brine recipe is shown
The influence of electrolysis conditions and the composition of electrolyte for iron plating in the flow of electrolyte on the adhesion strength, microhardness and wear resistance of coatings were ...studied. The optimal composition of electrolyte for iron plating and the structure of coatings that provide the highest abrasive wear resistance were determined. Advisability of using iron plating in the flow of electrolyte for restoration of spools for hydraulic control valves was demonstrated.
Drying of capillary-porous colloidal materials, including grain, is a complex technological process, which is implemented in installations of various design and principal designs. The method of grain ...dryers engineering calculation is based on material and thermal balances, because of which the amount of moisture to be removed from the material, the flow rate of the heat carrier, and the duration of the drying process are determined. However, to intensify and automate the processes of grain post-harvest processing, new technological approaches and circuit solutions based on digital platforms are needed. When optimizing the modes of grain dryers’ operation as complex dynamic systems, it becomes necessary to formulate and solve a control problem that takes into account the restrictions imposed on the allowable ranges of changes in the coordinates of the technological process quality multidimensional space and its regulation. These restrictions are determined by the given regulation of the kinetic processes course, when thermal effects approach the maximum allowable values. Taking into account the limitations in the process of synthesis of control systems allows reasons to implement the conditions for product quality and improve the reliability of the grain dryer. On synthesizing an effective control system for a carousel-type grain dryer, a difficult task arises - the fulfillment of engineering requirements set for the quality of the technological process functioning in transient and steady-state modes. The development and implementation of an optimization model that ensures the stabilization of the grain dryer leads technological parameters to an increase in the reliability of the post-harvest grain processing system functioning as a whole.).
Nowadays the organization of domestic serial production of high-tech products requires a lot of time. On the one hand, the reason is the restructuring of logistics chains with foreign suppliers, on ...the other hand, the building of cooperation in the country. For example, the duration of the implementation of promising production projects in the space industry is still years. Factories are changing approaches in the organization of work – one of the main ways to influence the duration of production is to reduce the time of their own production cycle. As a rule, the analysis of the organization of serial production begins with the final assembly, which determines the tact of work for all other sites that produce components. When evaluating the effectiveness of the organization of assembly production, criteria and factors are determined. The time of the product assembly cycle is taken as the efficiency criterion. It is necessary to determine the degree of significance for each factor and understand their mutual influence on each other. The purpose of the research is to develop a unified system of factors affecting the cycle, and a method based on this system for evaluating the effectiveness of the organization of assembly production. The article considers the technological process as a factor affecting the product assembly cycle.
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