Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND license. This book offers a theory of trafficking and modern slavery with implications for policy. Despite economic development, modern slavery ...persists all around the world. The issue is not only one of crime but the regulation of the economy, better welfare, and social protections. Going beyond polarized debates on the sex trade, an original empirical analysis shows the importance of profit-taking. Although individual experience matters, the root causes lie in intersecting regimes of inequality of gender regimes, capitalism, and the legacies of colonialism. This book shows the importance of coercion and the societal complexities that perpetuate modern slavery.
Trafficking in human beings is a phenomenon of global proportions, which on the one hand violates basic human rights and on the other hand represents a modern form of slavery. This phenomenon is ...influenced by various factors that are directly related to the level of development of the state, such as the economic situation, poverty, difficult housing conditions, low level of education, sociocultural factors, etc. Trafficking in human beings in Kosovo concerning the number of inhabitants is considered to be high, despite the measures taken by the justice institutions. In this paper, the main focus is based on the analysis of the contribution of justice institutions concerning the criminal offense of trafficking in human beings in Kosovo and the comparability of cases of trafficking during the years 2017-2022. Furthermore, the conclusions of this research emphasize the necessary measures and policies that should be undertaken by the institutions of justice for the prevention and combating of this negative phenomenon at the country level. It also includes the importance of international legal cooperation, public awareness, and protection of victims through institutional channels. Only through inter-institutional cooperation and the raising of social awareness success can be achieved in the combat against this phenomenon, namely to protect basic human rights and freedoms.
Numerosas mujeres y niñas que buscan refugio en la Unión Europea (UE), particularmente aquellas que son víctimas de diversos tipos de violencia de género, como sucede en los supuestos de trata de ...seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual, se encuentran en una situación de extrema vulnerabilidad. Esta fragilidad se ve acentuada por un sistema que, en numerosas ocasiones, las margina y las somete nuevamente a situaciones de victimización. Así pues, el propósito del presente trabajo consiste en analizar, desde una perspectiva de género, los regímenes de protección internacional implementados por la UE y por España, con el objetivo de comprender en detalle el contenido y alcance de la protección otorgada a estas víctimas.
This comprehensive Commentary provides the first fully up-to-date analysis and interpretation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. It offers a concise ...yet thorough article-by-article guide to the Convention’s anti-trafficking standards and corresponding human rights obligations.
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Trafficking in human beings is a global problem, and countries worldwide have joined efforts and built strategies to fight this phenomenon. This study sought to examine the knowledge of Portuguese ...college students regarding trafficking in human beings. The study was conducted with 223 students from different Portuguese universities. The results revealed that college students presented high levels of knowledge about the phenomena's dynamics, trafficker profile and criminal dynamics and trafficking in human beings' trajectories. Conversely, the students revealed lower levels of knowledge concerning trafficking in human beings' purposes, the victims' characteristics, and the victimization dynamics, and also trafficking in human beings' specificities in Portugal. This knowledge is influenced by age, studying area and through contact with various sources other than academic institutions, which suggests a low compliance by the academic institutions with the third National Action Plan against trafficking in human beings, implemented in Portugal from 2014 to 2017.
Trafficking in human beings (THB) has been gaining prominence in the political agendas of governments, both nationally and internationally. The fight against this crime involves the entire justice ...system with it being the job of the police, prosecutors, and magistrates to investigate, try, and convict the violators accordingly. The objective of this study was to access the perceptions of the magistrates regarding the phenomenon, in general, and the legislation and the Portuguese situation, more specifically, including the perceptions of the victims and the traffickers. To this end, a questionnaire on THB was disseminated online. The sample comprised 167 magistrates practicing in Portugal. The results revealed that, on average, the magistrates espoused adequate perceptions about this phenomenon. In addition, it was concluded that the magistrates who presented more acceptable perceptions were those who consolidated their professional practice with information obtained through formal and informal contacts and experiences with those involved in or victims of human trafficking. Nonetheless, there are gaps regarding their perceptions about human trafficking that could be filled with the development of sensitization and training adjusted to the target populations.
Resumen: En el trabajo se analizan todas las resoluciones judiciales dictadas por el Tribunal Supremo español durante los años 2011 a 2021 en relación con el delito de trata de seres humanos. El ...principal objetivo reside en comparar los fallos dictados por el alto tribunal español con lo descrito por la literatura criminológica y penal en relación con el fenómeno y las particularidades de las víctimas de trata de seres humanos. En este sentido, se observa una evolución en la concienciación de las necesidades y derechos de las víctimas de trata. No obstante, debe advertirse que todavía hoy es necesario sentar jurisprudencia en algunas cuestiones clave referidas al delito de trata, así como que existe un sesgo hacía las formas de explotación derivada del proceso de trata.
Combating trafficking in human beings is a major challenge for society and constitutes a separate policy area, where the subjects of its implementation are both governmental and non-governmental ...organizations. The role of the latter is multifaceted and subject to change and development. The author of the article has studied the development of forms and directions of activity of organizations, their interaction with various state institutions, scientific and educational institutions to ensure their effective development. The methodological basis of the publication was a dialectical approach to the cognition of social and legal phenomena through the historical and comparative legal analysis of definitions, the use of the method of included observation, as well as problem-chronological analysis of the activities and participation of public organizations in the formation and implementation of state policy. Theoretical basis of the publication was theoretical and ideological concepts and research of domestic and foreign scholars in relation to public organizations. The scientific novelty of the article is to cover the dynamics of the development of public organizations’ participation in the process of forming and implementing state policy on the example of combating trafficking in human beings, as well as in analyzing the interaction of public organizations with educational and scientific institutions as a factor of ensuring the qualitative and effective work of both parties. The author has distinguished and analyzed three stages in the formation and development of NGOs working in the field of combating trafficking in human beings: the first – the nineties of the XX century, the second – 2000–2013, the third – from 2014 to the present day. In order to effectively develop NGOs, it is important to interact with educational and scientific institutions, to share experience and knowledge. Positive changes can be caused by prudent implementation of necessary policies, continuous improvement of the professional level of the employees, transparency in the activities of NGOs, providing feedback to their target groups, a combination of professionalism and activism, cooperation with state institutions.
The subject of this article is the relationship between corruption and human trafficking, more specifically, the impact of corruption on the emergence and spread of trafficking in human beings. This ...paper aims to systematize the findings of existing theoretical and empirical studies that have examined the connection between corruption and trafficking in human beings. As the primary research method, the author employs a literature review. Scientific papers that have addressed the link between the key concepts were analyzed. Findings indicate that corruption is one of the strongest predictors of human trafficking in the countries of origin, as well as the most significant factor facilitating the process of human trafficking and enabling impunity for perpetrators of this criminal act. Based on insights from the existing academic literature, we can conclude that the nexus between corruption and trafficking in human beings remains insufficiently explored.
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