In this thesis we investigated the possibilities of translating the preposition um from German to Serbian. While reading a translated text, we usually do not ask questions about the translation ...equivalents. But how many are there actually? Do they have to be the same part of speech? This work has shown the most common and popular solutions, but without neglecting the rare ones. It was proven that the most common translation equivalent of the preposition um is also a preposition in Serbian, namely the preposition u. In addition, there are other prepositions and structures, as well as other parts of speech. For some examples it was not possible to identify an equivalent. The method used in this article is contrastive analysis.
Hybrid dynamical systems Goebel, Rafal; Sanfelice, Ricardo G; Teel, Andrew R
2012, 2012., 20120318, 2012-03-18
eBook, Book
Hybrid dynamical systems exhibit continuous and instantaneous changes, having features of continuous-time and discrete-time dynamical systems. Filled with a wealth of examples to illustrate concepts, ...this book presents a complete theory of robust asymptotic stability for hybrid dynamical systems that is applicable to the design of hybrid control algorithms--algorithms that feature logic, timers, or combinations of digital and analog components.
Metal mobilization event was linked to shear-associated granodiorite magmatism.
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•Um Samiuki volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in Egypt's South Eastern Desert.•Zircon U-Pb and ...sulfide Re-Os dating reveal the genetic link with the host rocks.•Ore-hosted stratum formed ∼700 Ma, and a crosscutting granodiorite at 624 Ma.•Sulfide minerals show high Re-Os ratios and crustal isotope signature.•Ductile shearing formed discrete sulfide masses, followed by intermittent brittle deformation.•Ag-mineral inclusions in galena and solid solution in sulfides contribute to Ag budget.
The Um Samiuki deposit in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt is a Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit associated with arc-related bimodal volcanic rocks. SIMS U-Pb zircon ages of the host metavolcanic rocks and a crosscutting granodiorite intrusion are integrated with Re-Os isotopes of ore sulfides, allowing the determination of the genetic relationships between sulfide mineralization and host rocks to be determined.
Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the ore-hosted stratum of banded tuffs formed at ∼700.0 ± 7.3 Ma, whereas the granodiorite yielded a concordia age of 624.0±8.5 Ma. Sulfide mineral separates (pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite) and sulfide mixtures from the massive ores have significantly high radiogenic Re-Os concentrations and ratios. Regression of seven 187Re/188Os-187Os/188Os data points with the corresponding uncertainty correlation values yields a 624±46 Ma age (2σ, MSWD = 0.56), with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 3.58±0.7, thereby pinpointing a distinctive crustal isotope signature.
Evolution towards textural equilibrium by recrystallization, as revealed by grain growth and annealing textures in the ores, suggests that ductile shearing and penetrative deformation of the host metavolcanic/metavolcaniclastic rocks led to the formation of discrete sulfide disseminations and masses. Deformed, rolled and rotated pyrites in veins and tension gashes with or without quartz evidently suggests an intermittently rejuvenated brittle deformation regime superimposed on the early ductile deformation textures. Pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite contain elevated Ag contents between 5 and 812 ppm. Two pyrite generations can be distinguished with the earlier one (Py1) having the highest Ag contents of all sulfides. Silver was released during replacement of Py1 by a late assemblage (Py2-galena-chalcopyrite-sphalerite) with some Ag incorporated into the late sulfides but most Ag was released and retained in discrete Ag minerals like cerveilleite, hessite and acanthite. Time-resolved analyses of LA-ICP-MS data reveal the presence of micron-scale Ag-bearing inclusions in galena while other base metal sulfides also contribute a notable part to the Ag budget of Um Samiuki ore.
The new geochronological data integrated with results of the microscopic and microanalytical analyses of the sulfide phases provide an updated insight into a metal mobilization event in the Um Samiuki volcanogenic massive sulfides, roughly coincided with shear-associated granodiorite magmatism.
Low-protein diets promote metabolic health in humans and rodents. Despite evidence that sex and genetic background are key factors in the response to diet, most protein intake studies examine only a ...single strain and sex of mice. Using multiple strains and both sexes of mice, we find that improvements in metabolic health in response to reduced dietary protein strongly depend on sex and strain. While some phenotypes were conserved across strains and sexes, including increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, we observed high variability in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and circulating hormones. Using a multi-omics approach, we identified mega-clusters of differentially expressed hepatic genes, metabolites, and lipids associated with each phenotype, providing molecular insight into the differential response to protein restriction. Our results highlight the importance of sex and genetic background in the response to dietary protein level, and the potential importance of a personalized medicine approach to dietary interventions.
Magnetic methods of exploration have proved to be efficient and have potential in the gold mineralization industry. New magnetic processing technologies aid in improving the process of interpretation ...and gold opportunity identification. In this work, we show the possible application of combined digital magnetic filters to explore new gold mineralization localities with application to a well-known Au mineralization zone. Um Garayat (UG) region, southeastern desert, Egypt, is an ancient example of a potential area for gold mining. Modern analysis showed that other types of mineral concentrations are present. So, exploiting the magnetic signature of the area for future investment is of great interest. The old UG gold mine is characterized by volcanic and tectonic features such as faulting and folding that affect the arc sedimentary rock sequence of repeated deformation stages. A thorough geophysical effort has been carried out around the old gold mine in the UG area to explore the extension of mineralized ore deposits. A detailed geophysical survey using magnetics was carried out in this study together with the available aeromagnetic data. Field data sets on appropriate sites were measured, processed, and evaluated by suitable software. High magnetic anomalies were detected based on grid filter analysis and contact occurrence maps as marked as possible ore deposits after satisfying the geologic conditions for gold formation. An integrated understanding of attained results revealed that the new possible ore deposits are related directly to fault and fracture zones in the shape of lenses of variable thickness in this zone. Results show that newly detected mineral occurrences in the UG area are also controlled by major faults and hydrothermal solution enrichment along fault zones at a depth ranging from 20 to 70 m. Favorable fault/joint mineralized places were located. The relationship between the Au-quartz vein's strike direction compared with magnetic anomaly lineament analysis was studied. Search for new sources of Au and other mineral deposits in addition to quartz veins is needed as pockets of accumulated mineral-rich rock fragments are deposited in drainage wadis and fault/joint zones because of hydrothermal solution enrichment.
•Khur Um-Safi serpentinites were derived from a depleted mantle peridotite source.•They represent mantle residues from 15 to 20 % melting of spinel peridotite.•This range of melt extraction is ...consistent with the typical range of SSZ peridotite.•They formed under QFM + 1 buffer suggesting evolution under a more oxidizing regime.•They show affinity to modern fore-arc basin system.
Serpentinites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are the most distinctive lithological unit in the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) ophiolite sequence which associated with major suture zones. Khor Um-Safi (KUS) serpentinites represent dismembered fragments of ophiolitic rocks located in the central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt.
KUS serpentinites exhibit affinity to the typical metamorphic peridotites with harzburgitic protolith compositions. Their opaque mineral assemblage (pentlandite, heazlewoodite and magnetite) is similar to that observed in oceanic serpentinites and implies serpentinization under highly reducing conditions. They have refractory major element compositions with Al2O3 contents comparable to oceanic and active margin peridotites as well as Pan-African serpentinites. The Cr and TiO2 contents reflect evolution within a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. This implication is confirmed by the Al2O3/SiO2 and MgO/SiO2 ratios which akin to ANS ophiolitic peridotites in fore-arc setting. Their enrichment in compatible trace elements (Cr, Ni and Co) reveals a depleted mantle peridotite protolith.
Modelling trace elements indicates that they represent the mantle residues from 15 to 20 % melting of spinel peridotite at oxygen fugacity conditions of the QFM + 1 buffer. This range of melt extraction is consistent with the typical range of SSZ peridotite. Oxygen fugacity estimation suggests evolution under more oxidizing regime similar to modern fore-arc basin system. Moreover, this implication indicates that the KUS mantle represents arc lithosphere interacted with arc melt.
The Late Neoproterozoic rare metal-bearing granite of Um Naggat pluton records deuteric and magmatic-hydrothermal fluid activities that culminated in overlapping sequential metasomatic alterations. ...The pluton is petrographically discriminated into subsolvus biotite, hypersolvus alkali-feldspar, and subsolvus albite granites. The residual fluid interacted and re-equilibrated with the mica and feldspars. Two phases of albitization, greisenization, chloritization and hematitization, and one phase of silicification, as well as microclinization are recognized. Compared to the alkali-feldspar and albite granites, the microclinization is restricted to the biotite granite, whereas greisenization and albitization increase in the former two granites and reaches their climax in the albite granite. Repeated contrasting acid-and alkaline-based alterations emphasize the fluctuation of the acidic-basic behavior of the fluid as a consequence of dominantly hydrogen-and alkali-exchange reactions.
•Deuteric and hydrothermal alterations of Late Neoproterozoic rare metal-bearing Um Naggat granite.•Textual and mineralogical variations across the UNG pluton.•Implication for paragenesis of various alterations-related minerals.
Beryl and others gem varieties represent the most valuable gemstones due to their good appearance and high hardness (after diamond and ruby). Beryl is a rare mineral due to lack of Be abundance in ...the upper continental crust. The present work aims to state the occurrences, chemistry, fluid inclusions and genesis of Egyptian emerald and other beryls mineralization. They are recorded in the South Eastern Desert (Zabara-Um Kabu, Homret Akarem- Homret Mikpid) and south Sinai (Ghazala and Sidri) in addition to less significant concentrations in the central Eastern Desert (Igla, Abu Dabbab, Nuweibi and Mueilha granitic rocks). Among all of the Egyptian beryls, Homret Akarem beryl has the highest SiO2 (65.49 wt%), Al2O3 (16.52 wt%), FeO (1.5 wt%) contents. All the recorded beryl and emerald in the Eastern Desert and Sinai are sodic. Emerald and others beryl mineralization of Egypt are found to be formed in tectonic magmatic-related (where beryl is disseminated in tectonic related alkali feldspar granite as a result of Be-bearing fluids from a hidden-granitic intrusion as in Wadi Ghazala, Homret Mikpid and Homret Akarem) and into tectonic metamorphic-related (where emerald and other beryls are formed in mica schists as a result of Be-bearing fluids from tectonic related (Nugrus thrust and related shear zones as in Zabara-Um Kabu district); where muscovite leucogranite and its related pegmatites and quartz veins intrude and interact with Cr, V-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks).
•Beryl represents a valuable gemstone and the predominant source of Be.•Variable gem varieties are restricted to phlogopite schist, pegmatite and quartz veins.•Emerald gets its color from a high concentration of chromophore elements.•Egyptian emerald is of tectono-magmatic and tectono-metamorphic related.
Context.
Stellar feedback in high-redshift galaxies plays an important, if not dominant, role in the re-ionisation epoch of the Universe. Because of their extreme star formation (SF), the relatively ...closer green pea (GP) galaxies are postulated as favorite local laboratories, and analogues to those high-redshift galaxies. However, at their typical redshift of
z
∼ 0.2, the most intimate interaction between stars and the surrounding interstellar medium cannot be disentangled. Detailed studies of blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies sharing properties with GP galaxies are necessary to anchor our investigations on them.
Aims.
We want to study in detail UM 462, which is a BCD with emission line ratios and equivalent widths, stellar mass, and metallicity similar to those observed in GP galaxies, and thus it is ideally suited as a corner stone and reference galaxy.
Methods.
We use high-quality optical integral field spectroscopy data obtained with MUSE on the ESO Very Large Telescope.
Results.
The electron density (
n
e
) and temperature (
T
e
) were mapped. Median
T
e
decreases according to the sequence S
III
→ N
II
→ He
I
. Furthermore,
T
e
(S
III
) values are ∼13 000 K, and uniform within the uncertainties over an area of ∼20″ × 8″ (∼1.4 kpc × 0.6 kpc). The total oxygen abundance by means of the direct method is 12 + log(O/H) ∼ 8.02 and homogenous all over the galaxy within the uncertainties, which is in stark contrast with the metallicities derived from several strong line methods. This result calls for a systematic study to identify the best strategy to determine reliable metallicities at any location within a galaxy. The strong line ratios used in the BPT diagrams and other ratios tracing the ionisation structure were mapped. They are compatible with plasma ionised by massive hot stars. However, there is a systematic excess in the O
I
/H
α
ratio, suggesting an additional mechanism or a complex relative configuration of gas and stars. The velocity field for the ionised gas presents receding velocities in the east and approaching velocities in the west and south-west with velocity differences of Δ
v
∼ 40 km s
−1
, but it is not compatible with simple rotation. The most striking feature is a velocity stratification in the area towards the north with redder velocities in the high ionisation lines and bluer velocities in the low ionisation lines. This is the only area with velocity dispersions clearly above the MUSE instrumental width, and it is surrounded by two ∼1 kpc-long structures nicknamed ‘the horns’. We interpret the observational evidence in that area as a fragmented super-bubble fruit of the stellar feedback and it may constitute a preferred channel through which Lyman continuum photons from the youngest generation of stars can escape. The galaxy luminosity is dominated by a young (i.e. ∼6 Myr) stellar population that contributes only 10% to the stellar mass, as derived from the modelling of the stellar continuum. The most recent SF seems to propagate from the outer to the inner parts of the galaxy, and then from east to west. We identified a supernova remnant and Wolf-Rayet stars – as traced by the red bump – that support this picture. The direction of the propagation implies the presence of younger Wolf-Rayet stars at the maximum in H
α
. These may be detected by deep observations of the blue bump (not covered here).
Conclusions.
The ensemble of results exemplifies the potential of 2D detailed spectroscopic studies of dwarf star-forming galaxies at high spatial resolution as a key reference for similar studies on primeval galaxies.
