Fashion communication has adopted a decidedly political language of late. This is particularly evident in the ongoing debate about gender and clothing. While clothes, per se, have no definite gender ...connotations, on a symbolic level clothes do actually hold specific gender connotations. In the current climate of ongoing deconstruction of old norms, the notion of genderless has become central to the global aesthetic and cultural debate, to much media fervor. The essay analyzes the very idea of genderless in comparison to the notion of unisex which surfaced during the 1970s, another moment of intense cultural deconstruction. By dissecting the two terms and related fashion imagery, the essay highlights the changes in the way fashion both communicates and acts, leaving the ending deliberately open.
In March 1972, the pop idol David Cassidy played a sold-out show at Madison Square Garden dressed in a white lace-up jumpsuit. Although this outfit has been widely documented by fans, photographers ...and journalists, it has not been as widely discussed as signature costumes worn by his equally famous contemporaries — David Bowie and his man’s dress, for example, which helped make the musician the androgynous style icon he is known as today, or Elvis Presley in his iconic white jumpsuit, which redefined ideas of masculinity in American culture. Yet when discussed through Joanne Entwistle’s framework of dress as an embodied practice — David Cassidy wearing this particular jumpsuit, at this particular event — the individual garment regains a deeper meaning. Through an analysis of the jumpsuit and dress as an embodied practice, the stage is set to show Cassidy as a powerful conduit of social change who subverted gender norms in mainstream American culture in the late 1960s and early 70s — an unlikely but worthy nonbinary fashion icon.
Introducción: Las fragancias unisex pretenden borrar la frontera existente en los estereotipos de género, agradando a todos los olfatos, siendo usadas de día o de noche y compartidas por las parejas. ...El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar dos fragancias unisex para una crema humectante y un perfume.
Método: Se identificaron los componentes a incluir en las dos fragancias unisex. Se realizaron los controles de calidad y estudios de estabilidad de envejecimiento natural a las fragancias, así como a la crema y el perfume. También se evaluó la influencia de la luz solar en las fragancias. La evaluación sensorial de los productos perfumados se realizó a través de métodos afectivos, incluyendo pruebas de aceptación y pruebas escalares, participando jueces no entrenados, determinando el nivel de aceptación y agrado de los cosméticos desarrollados.
Resultados: Se desarrollaron dos fragancias con notas olfativas cítrica-maderable-floral, clasificándolas en la familia olfativa hespéride, subfamilia olfativa maderable. Los controles de calidad y estudios de estabilidad demostraron la calidad física y química de ambas fragancias durante 24 meses, así como de los cosméticos perfumados. Los niveles de agrado del olor y el perfume, de ambos cosméticos, fueron clasificados como “Me gusta”, mientras que los de la fijación fueron “Moderados”.
Conclusiones: Las fragancias unisex cumplieron con los criterios de calidad establecidos durante 24 meses, al igual que la crema y el perfume, conservando la nota olfativa inalterada. El grado de aceptación y calidad de los cosméticos estudiados, a través de métodos afectivos, demostraron la aceptación de ambos cosméticos.
Personal proper names are part of a community's language inventory. To a large extent, they verbalise gender stereotypes, expectations and norms, power relations, political circumstances, and how ...minorities are treated. In my paper I analyse the current socio-onomastic representation of gender-neutral names in the context of naming practices in the Czech Republic. More specifically, I examine what factors might explain the decreased use of these names, which, paradoxically, differ from other names in that they have an extended functionality. From a linguistic and legal perspective I inquire into how Czech naming practices stigmatise the sexual otherness of non-binary people and trans people in Czech society. In the conclusion I set out the conditions that must be met for gender-neutral names to be freely available to the entire population.
PurposeOur study explored and mapped cisgender female consumers' motivation and shopping experience for cross-sexual fashion, i.e. people shopping for clothes that are not designed or marketed for ...their biological sex.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative method, this study explored and mapped consumers' motivation and shopping experience for cross-sexual fashion. Thirteen cisgender female millennials were interviewed about their memories and perceptions of their pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase experiences.FindingsThe findings defined the model of cross-sexual shopping behaviour in cisgender women with the following: (1) two pre-purchase schemes, i.e. fashioned gender schema and nonconformity motivation; (2) one pivotal and main purchase factor, i.e. time invested in the experience itself; and (3) two post-purchase schemes, i.e. use for comfort and use for protection. Practical marketing approaches in advertising and in-store experiences were identified in order to better target cross-sexual consumers.Originality/valueUnisex fashion (or degendered fashion) has pioneered a fashion trend considered a growing trend in younger generations. To our knowledge, this study is the first research exploring regendered fashion (i.e. going beyond the cisgender and same-sex purchase approach of fashion consumerism) through the lens of cross-sexual consumer behaviour.
Unisex sport – where males and females compete directly against each other with no form of differentiation – offers a radical challenge to the norms of sex segregation that contribute to ongoing ...gender inequality in sport. This article presents findings from an ethnographic study of horseracing events in rural Mexico as an example of the unisex model operating within a wider sociocultural context still characterised by machismo and traditional gender relations. Findings indicate that although horseracing remains a male-dominated sporting space, the presence of women as jockeys, spectators and veterinary professionals is beginning to challenge this. Women's acceptance is contingent on male support and authorisation, and women are often marginalised symbolically and physically, yet their presence illustrates that the unisex model may be an important way of beginning to challenge the masculinisation of horseracing. The study highlights the importance of considering how the wider sociocultural context influences acceptance and experience of the unisex model and steps towards greater gender equality in horseracing and other unisex sports.
The installation of-and the debates surrounding-all-gender toilets (AGTs) are growing worldwide, but few empirical studies exist regarding the attitudes and behaviors of prospective AGT users. This ...paper fills the research gap by using a multi-methods approach to investigate how prospective users perceive and use AGTs at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. Through a survey of 729 university students and a two-week-long on-site observation, the study provides substantive evidence regarding AGTs users. The survey shows that the majority of both male and female respondents endorsed and would actually use AGTs. The presumed opposition to AGTs by mainstream users might have been overestimated. On average, only 9.23% of the respondents disagreed with the installation of AGTs, and only 7.37% never used the AGT next to their classroom. Female students were less likely to endorse and to use AGTs, and were more concerned about privacy, safety and hygiene issues in AGTs. On the other hand, some women would endorse the installation of AGTs even if they don't personally use them. Societies may be able to accommodate these diverse users by allowing for the coexistence of all-gender and gender-segregated toilets. This research contributes to existing gender and toilet literature by providing a cross-examined assessment of prospective respondents' attitudes and behaviors vis-à-vis the AGTs in an actual AGT setting instead of a hypothetical scenario. We encourage future research to target a more diversified pool of respondents to explore the myriad factors associated with mainstream users' attitudes toward and use of AGTs.
Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2021.1987198 .
Unisexual vertebrates (i.e., those produced through clonal or hemiclonal reproduction) are typically incapable of purging deleterious mutations, and, as a result, are considered short-lived in ...evolutionary terms. In hemiclonal reproduction (hybridogenesis), one parental genome is eliminated during oogenesis, producing haploid eggs containing the genome of a single parent. Hemiclonal hybrids are usually produced by backcrossing hemiclonal hybrids with males of the paternal species. When hemiclonal hybrids from a genus of greenlings (Hexagrammos) are crossed with males of the maternal species, the progeny are phenotypically similar to the maternal species and produce recombinant gametes by regular meiosis. The present study was conducted to determine if the hemiclonal genome is returned to the gene pool of the maternal species in the wild. Using a specific cytogenetic marker to discriminate between such progeny and the maternal species, we observed that Hexagrammos hybrids mated with maternal and paternal ancestors at the same frequency. This two-way backcrossing in which clonal genomes are returned to the gene pool where they can undergo recombination plays an important role in increasing the genetic variability of the hemiclonal genome and reducing the extinction risk. In this way, hybrid lineages may have survived longer than predicted through occasional recombinant generation.
En nuestro instituto de enseñanza secundaria para las clases de Educación Física, quizás el único caso en el mundo, han funcionado cierto número de veces tres vestuarios; uno para los chicos, otro ...para las chicas, y un tercero unisex o mixto, para los chicos y chicas que quisieran ducharse desnudos/as y cambiarse de ropa juntos/as. En estos casos se ha realizado una investigación para determinar las posibles consecuencias psicológicas y sociales que la experiencia unisex acarrea en los/as chicos/as. Los resultados del estudio concluyen que, tanto los chicos como las chicas que participan en el vestuario unisex, mejoran su imagen corporal, mejoran su autoestima corporal, sufren un descenso en el pudor corporal, disminuyen en ellos/as las mentalidades sexistas, y tienden a perder fuerza los comportamientos restrictivos alimentarios por motivos de estética. Cambios que no sufren los alumnos y las alumnas que no van al vestuario unisex. El presente artículo recoge el estudio realizado, sus resultados y las conclusiones.
Geschlechtersegregierte Toiletten sind Räume der interaktiven, symbolischen und zugleich alltäglichen, durch Einschreibung in die Körper höchst wirkmächtigen Herstellung hierarchischer ...Geschlechterverhältnisse. Soziologisch interessant sind die Verdichtung ineinandergreifender individueller, kollektiver und struktureller Prozesse der Konstitution von Geschlecht, welche verschiedene Geschlechtertheorien exemplarisch verdeutlichen können, sowie die in diesem Kontext wenig erforschten alltäglichen vor-reflexiven Praktiken der Bestätigung von Geschlechts-Körpern. Auch im Sprechen über die behauptete Notwendigkeit geschlechtersegregierter Toiletten wird die bipolare Heteronorm bzw. Heteronormativität beständig abgesichert, wie die Auswertung einer entsprechenden Forumsdiskussion zeigt. Die teils aggressive Behauptung gängiger Geschlechterstereotype, Naturalisierungsstrategien, ent-politisierende Intimitätsargumente und die strategische Bezugnahme auf geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt zur Absicherung männlicher Privilegien belegen einmal mehr, dass es hier nicht nur um die Rechte einer vielzitierten Minderheit geht, sondern um gesellschaftlich-strukturell bedeutsame Normen. In einem diesen Erkenntnissen entsprechenden, mehrdimensionalen Modell von Geschlechtsdiskriminierung, welches die externe wie die interne Dimension berücksichtigt, erweist sich die Geschlechtersegregation von Toiletten als Verletzung des Verbots der Geschlechtsdiskriminierung aus Artikel 3 Absatz 3 Grundgesetz und des Gebots der Gleichberechtigung aus Artikel 3 Absatz 2 Grundgesetz, welche nicht gerechtfertigt werden kann.
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