Nyamuk adalah vektor penyakit yang menularkan patogen melalui gigitannya pada manusia dan binatang. Beberapa jenis penyakit tular vektor di Indonesia yang disebabkan karena gigitan nyamuk seperti ...Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Malaria, Filariasis dan Chikungunya. Nyamuk vektor penyakit didominasi dari genus Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, Culex dan Mansonia. Peran nyamuk Aedes salah satunya yaitu sebagai vektor penyakit DBD, nyamuk Anopheles merupakan vektor penyakit malaria dan filariasis dan genus lainnya yakni Armigeres dan Culex dapat menularkan patogen filariasis dan Japanese encephalitis. Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin termasuk dalam kategori endemik rendah malaria, selain itu daerah ini juga merupakan daerah endemik Demam Berdarah Dengue. Keberadaan keragaman nyamuk dapat berpotensi penularan penyakit lainnya di kabupaten ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik keragamanan nyamuk yang berpotensi menjadi vektor penyakit di Dusun Sukoharjo, Desa Bayung Lencir, Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional yakni survei lapangan. Nyamuk di Dusun Sukoharjo ditangkap pada bulan Agustus 2021 dan di identifikasi pada Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Litbangkes Baturaja. Setiap nyamuk akan diklasifikasikan ke genus dan spesiesnya berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi pada kunci bergambar. Ditemukan empat genus nyamuk yaitu Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, dan Anopheles dengan proporsi berturut-turut 2,6%, 5,1%, 88,5%, dan 3,8%. Sebelas spesies nyamuk ditemukan terdiri dari Aedes lineatopenne, Aedes aegypti ,Armigeres subalbatus, Armigeres kesselli, Culex gelidus, Culex nigropunctatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, Anopheles kochi, dan Anopheles vagus. Proporsi nyamuk paling banyak ditemukan yakni nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus. Perlu menjadi kewaspadaan karena nyamuk Culex merupakan potensial vektor untuk penyakit filariasis dan Japanese Enchepalitis.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar dan self-efficacy antara mahasiswa yang belajar materi Vektor dengan menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dengan mahasiswa yang belajar ...tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian quasi-eksperimen dengan pretest–posttest non-equivalent group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Katolik Parahyangan (UNPAR) yang mengambil mata kuliah Matematika 4 pada Tahun Akademik 2022/2023. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa di Kelas A dan Kelas C yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, di mana kelas A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas C sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes hasil belajar dan angket self-efficacy. Data dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test (α = 5%) menggunakan program IBM SPSS V.25. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada data posttest hasil belajar diperoleh sig(2-tailed) = 0,021 dan pada data angket self-efficacy diperoleh sig(2-tailed) = 0,018. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan mahasiswa yang belajar tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra; dan (2) terdapat perbedaan self-efficacy antara mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan mahasiswa yang belajar tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra.
ABSTRACT First Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS-1) has been carried out successfully in Donggala District. The success was supported by epidemiological aspects, including data on the presence of ...vectors and the environment that is potential as a breeding places for mosquitoes. In order for Donggala District to achieve filariasis elimination formally, it is important to determine the existence of vectors and itspotential environment so as to continuously control them instead of other epidemiological interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of post-TAS-1 vector in Donggala District Activities include mosquito surveys and environmental surveys in two selected locations, namely Kelurahan Kabonga Kecil, Kecamatan Banawa and Sabang Village, Kecamatan Dampelas Donggala District. The results showed that 2,978 mosquitoes were caught from the genera Mansonia, Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Uranotaenia, Coquilettidia and Aedomvia, the results of PCR examination showed mosquitoes were negative Brugia malayi. The mosquitoes” habitats were tree holes, ponds, rice fields, used goods, post -mining excavations, rivers, waterways, puddles, swamps, ponds, dug holes, springs, boats, water reservoirs, used tires, wells, coconut shells, and used cans. Monitoring and evaluation of program implementation by the local government, including routine vectors and environmental monitoring, must be continued as to maintain the elimination status of filariasis in Donggala District. ABSTRAK Transmission Assessment Survey pertama (TAS-1) telah dilakukan di Kabupaten Donggala dan dinyatakan lulus. Keberhasilan didukung oleh aspek epidemiologi di antaranya adalah data keberadaan vektor dan lingkungan yang potensial sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Agar Kabupaten Donggala mencapai eliminasi filariasis maka keberadaan vektor dan lingkungan yang potensial dapat dikendalian disamping intervensi terhadap aspek epidemiologi lainnya. Studi potong-lintang dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan vektor paska TAS-1 di Kabupaten Donggala. Kegiatan meliputi survei nyamuk dan survei lingkungan di dua lokasi terpilih yaitu Kelurahan kabonga Kecil, Kec. Banawa dan Desa Sabang, Kec. Dampelas Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk tertangkap sebanyak 2.978 ekor dari genus Mansonia, Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Uranotaenia, Coquilettidia dan Aedomvia, hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan nyamuk negatif Brugia malayi. Lingkungan habitat nyamuk yaitu: lubang pohon, kolam, sawah, barang bekas, bekas galian tambang, sungai, saluran air, genangan air, rawa, tambak, lubang galian, mata air, perahu, penampungan air, ban bekas, sumur, batok kelapa, dan kaleng bekas. Monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan program oleh pemerintah daerah termasuk pemantauan vektor dan lingkungan secara rutin harus terus digalakkan agar status eliminasi filariasis di Kabupaten Donggala dapat dipertahankan.
This study aimed to apply classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch analysis of item response theory (IRT) to investigate Thai participants' understanding of vectors and the characteristics of the test ...of understanding of vectors (TUV). A Thai version of the 20-items TUV was administered to 1,021 first-year science and engineering students at Prince of Songkla University, before and after common instructions. Although the engineering students (pre-score = 62%) had a significantly higher background of vectors than the science students (pre-score = 24%), proved by the effect size of Cohen's d, both groups have improved their learning into a medium level of the normalized gain (0.3 < < 0.7) after the instructions. Both groups improved the most with a vector representation concept. The participants were found to have the most difficulties with the unit vector and the cross product. However, the TUV is fairly easy for the assessed Thai first-year students. Overall, the item difficulty index derived from CTT was in moderate range (0.33-0.69). The difficulty index of the Thai-TUV obtained from CTT and Rasch analysis has a strong correlation indicating a reliable assessment tool.
This study aims to develop, determine the response and effectiveness of problem-based mathematical modules on vector material. This type of research is research and development or better known as ...Research and Development (R&D). The approach model used in this study is ADDIE. Data analysis techniques in this study were used to calculate the validity of the validators, the response of educators and students, and the effectiveness of mathematics teaching materials. The results of the validation test conducted by the validator are 3.24 the criteria are quite valid. The results of educator responses 3.21 with interesting criteria, response to small-scale trials of 3.4 with very interesting responses and field trials of 3.8 with very interesting responses. The results of the effectiveness test conducted during the field test got a percentage of 61% with effective criteria. From these data it shows that instructional materials are feasible to use based on the educator's response and effectiveness carried out by students, so the development of mathematical modules is appropriate for use in schools.
The success of Onpattro™ (patisiran) clearly demonstrates the utility of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems for enabling gene therapies. These systems are composed of ionizable cationic lipids, ...phospholipid, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids, and are produced through rapid-mixing of an ethanolic-lipid solution with an acidic aqueous solution followed by dialysis into neutralizing buffer. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of LNP formation is crucial to improving LNP design. Here we use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques to further demonstrate that LNP are formed through the fusion of precursor, pH-sensitive liposomes into large electron-dense core structures as the pH is neutralized. Next, we show that the fusion process is limited by the accumulation of PEG-lipid on the emerging particle. Finally, we show that the fusion-dependent mechanism of formation also applies to LNP containing macromolecular payloads including mRNA, DNA vectors, and gold nanoparticles.
A unified approach to uncertain optimization Klamroth, Kathrin; Köbis, Elisabeth; Schöbel, Anita ...
European journal of operational research,
07/2017, Volume:
260, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•Unifying framework for dealing with different models in uncertain optimization•Characterization based on set optimization, vector optimization, and scalarization•Robust optimization with infinite ...uncertainty sets•New modeling approaches for uncertainties in optimization problems
In this paper we consider uncertain scalar optimization problems with infinite scenario sets. We apply methods from vector optimization in general spaces, set-valued optimization and scalarization techniques to develop a unified characterization of different concepts of robust optimization and stochastic programming. These methods provide new insights on the interrelation between different concepts for handling uncertainties and naturally lead to new concepts of robustness.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas Active Front End Converter (AFE) tiga-fasa tiga-kaki menggunakan kendali Model Predictive Control (MPC) pada pensakelaran converter yang dapat mengurangi nilai ...harmonisa dan memperbaiki faktor daya pada jaringan. Kendali MPC digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi tegangan dan arus AFE dengan cara memasukkan vektor tegangan yang dihasilkan oleh sakelar konverter ke dalam model state-space diskrit dan dievaluasi menggunakan cost function. Simulasi model dilakukan pada beberapa kondisi, yaitu simulasi beban resistif, beban induktif, beban kapasitif, beban nonlinear, dan variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan motor induksi. Simulasi beban resistif, THDv dan THDi secara berurutan nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 0.02% dan 0.45%, beban induktif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban kapasitif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban nonlinear, 0.03% dan 1.23%, dan beban VFD dengan motor induksi sebesar 0.04% dan 1.18%. Faktor daya pada simulasi beban bervariasi menghasilkan unity. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan kesimpulan kendali MPC pada AFE mampu meningkatkan kualitas daya listrik.Kata kunci: Harmonisa, Faktor Daya, AFE, MPC, Model Vektor Ruang ABSTRACTThis study discusses a three-phase three-leg Active Front End Converter (AFE) using Model Predictive Control (MPC) which controls converter switching to reduce harmonic values and improve the power factor on the network. MPC is used to predict the AFE voltage and current by entering the voltage vector generated by the converter switch into a discrete state-space model and evaluated using a cost function. The simulations of the model have been done under several conditions, resistive loads, inductive loads, capacitive loads, nonlinear loads, and variable frequency drive (VFD) with an induction motor. Resistive load simulations, THDv and THDi respectively, the average values are 0.02% and 0.45%, inductive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, capacitive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, nonlinear load, 0.03% and 1.23%, and load VFD with induction motor is 0.04% and 1.18%. The power factor in the varying load simulation results is unity. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that MPC control on AFE can improve electrical power quality. Keywords: Harmonics, Power Factor, AFE, MPC, Space Vector Model
The future of human DNA vaccines Li, Lei; Saade, Fadi; Petrovsky, Nikolai
Journal of biotechnology,
12/2012, Volume:
162, Issue:
2-3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
► Overview of strengths and weaknesses of previous DNA vaccine optimization strategies. ► Identifies new technologies (S/MAR vector, mcDNA, RNAi) relevant to DNA vaccine design. ► “Epigenetics” and ...“omics” technologies provide exciting new opportunities. ► Imminent breakthrough in human DNA vaccines incorporating latest technologies.
DNA vaccines have evolved greatly over the last 20 years since their invention, but have yet to become a competitive alternative to conventional protein or carbohydrate based human vaccines. Whilst safety concerns were an initial barrier, the Achilles heel of DNA vaccines remains their poor immunogenicity when compared to protein vaccines. A wide variety of strategies have been developed to optimize DNA vaccine immunogenicity, including codon optimization, genetic adjuvants, electroporation and sophisticated prime-boost regimens, with each of these methods having its advantages and limitations. Whilst each of these methods has contributed to incremental improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy, more is still needed if human DNA vaccines are to succeed commercially. This review foresees a final breakthrough in human DNA vaccines will come from application of the latest cutting-edge technologies, including “epigenetics” and “omics” approaches, alongside traditional techniques to improve immunogenicity such as adjuvants and electroporation, thereby overcoming the current limitations of DNA vaccines in humans.
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Pengendalian vektor adalah strategi untuk mengurangi insiden infeksi dan mencegah terjadinya wabah. Penularan DBD dapat terjadi di ...lingkungan sekolah, karena aktivitas menggigit nyamuk vektor DBD adalah siang hari. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2017 menunjukkan DBD Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu Kota Bengkulu yang merupakan daerah endemis DBD dan lingkungan kampus Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB) yang memiliki angka kesakitan yang tinggi yaitu 143 kasus per 100.000 penduduk dan memiliki angka Case Fatality Rate (CFR) atau yang meninggal sebesar 15,7% terutama penderita adalah usia sekolah. Sosialisasi ini menerapkan berbagai metode belajar, yaitu kuliah interaktif dan praktik survey entomologi. Penyuluhan diikuti oleh 24 orang guru dari 13 sekolah di sekitar lingkungan UNIB dengan latar belakang pendidikan terakhir terbanyak Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yaitu 87,5%. Hasil dari kegiatan ini guru dapat menjadi duta di sekolah untuk program pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD untuk mengurangi angka kejadian infeksi dan tingkat keparahan DBD. Kontrol vektor tetap menjadi satu-satunya intervensi yang tersedia untuk mencegah dan mengontrol penularan DBD.
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