Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Pengendalian vektor adalah strategi untuk mengurangi insiden infeksi dan mencegah terjadinya wabah. Penularan DBD dapat terjadi di ...lingkungan sekolah, karena aktivitas menggigit nyamuk vektor DBD adalah siang hari. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2017 menunjukkan DBD Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu Kota Bengkulu yang merupakan daerah endemis DBD dan lingkungan kampus Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB) yang memiliki angka kesakitan yang tinggi yaitu 143 kasus per 100.000 penduduk dan memiliki angka Case Fatality Rate (CFR) atau yang meninggal sebesar 15,7% terutama penderita adalah usia sekolah. Sosialisasi ini menerapkan berbagai metode belajar, yaitu kuliah interaktif dan praktik survey entomologi. Penyuluhan diikuti oleh 24 orang guru dari 13 sekolah di sekitar lingkungan UNIB dengan latar belakang pendidikan terakhir terbanyak Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yaitu 87,5%. Hasil dari kegiatan ini guru dapat menjadi duta di sekolah untuk program pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD untuk mengurangi angka kejadian infeksi dan tingkat keparahan DBD. Kontrol vektor tetap menjadi satu-satunya intervensi yang tersedia untuk mencegah dan mengontrol penularan DBD.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dan mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan ...setelah diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran diskusi-ceramah pada materi vektor di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau Ledo, serta mengetahui perbandingan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dengan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran diskusi-ceramah pada materi vektor di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau Ledo. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi vektor di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau Ledo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan bentuk penelitian Quasi eksperimental design (eksperimen semu) dan rancangan penelitian Non-equivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau Ledo yang terdiri dari 6. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik Cluster Random Sampling, kemudian terpilih kelas XA sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan XB sebagai kelas eksperimen 2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh temuan: (1) Hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan setelah diberikan perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw. rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen 1 yang mulanya 14,67 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 70,14 sehingga nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen menjadi 84,81. (2) Hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 2 setelah diberikan perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran diskusi-ceramah juga mengalami peningkatan meskipun tidak sebesar peningkatan yang terjadi pada kelas eksperimen 1. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol yang mulanya 13,13 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 63,00 sehingga nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen menjadi 76,13. (3). Dari hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dengan siswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran diskusi-ceramah pada materi vektor. (4). Dari hasil analisis data menggunakan effect size diperoleh nilai effect size sebesar 0,44. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw cukup berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi vektor di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau Ledo.
Creep-induced antiphase boundaries (APBs) in new Co-base single-crystal superalloys with coherent embedded L12-γ′ precipitates have been observed. APBs formed during single-crystal tensile creep ...tests performed at 900°C under vacuum at stresses between 275 and 310MPa. The alloys investigated contained 30–39at.% Ni, which was added to the Co–Al–W ternary system to expand the γ–γ′ phase field and increase the γ′-solvus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using two-beam conditions with fundamental and superlattice reflections was performed for defect characterization. The Burgers vector b of dislocations associated with the APBs was determined to be of type b=a0/2011 and a0/2011¯. The displacement vectors, R, of the APBs matched the dislocation Burgers vectors, with R=b=a0/2011. APBs were observed in nearly every precipitate beyond 0.5% creep strain for the compositions investigated. The implications for high-temperature properties are discussed.
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•CPP-mediated transduction technology is useful to modify protein and gene expression.•CPPs can deliver DNA, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides (asON).•CPPs ...are efficient transduction agents able to transfer into target cells components for genome editing.•.•CPPs can shuttle engineered nucleases (Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and Cas9)to modify genomes.•CPPs coupled to engineered nucleases have potential use in animal transgenesis.
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been studied for their capacity to translocate across the lipid membrane of several cell types. In membrane translocation, these peptides can remarkably transport biologically active hydrophilic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and even high-molecular-weight proteins, Fig. 3 into the cell cytoplasm and organelles. The development of CPPs as transduction agents includes the modification of gene and protein expression, the reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the preparation of cellular vaccines. A relatively recent field of CPP application is the transduction of plasmid DNA vectors and CPP-fusion proteins to modify genomes and introduce new traits in cells and organisms. CPP-mediated transduction of components for genome editing is an advantageous alternative to viral DNA vectors. Engineered site-specific nucleases, such as Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR associated protein (Cas), have been coupled to CPPs, and the fused proteins have been used to permeate targeted cells and tissues. The functionally active fusion CPP-nucleases subsequently home to the nucleus, incise genomic DNA at specific sites and induce repair and recombination. This review has the objective of discussing CPPs and elucidating the prospective use of CPP-mediated transduction technology, particularly in genome modification and transgenesis.
•CRISPR-Cas9 with synthetic crRNA:tracrRNA is an efficient system for gene editing.•Chemically synthesized guide RNAs allow for incorporation of chemical modifications.•Synthetic guide RNAs enable ...efficient high throughput arrayed screening.•DNA-free gene editing is achievable with synthetic guide RNAs and Cas9 mRNA/protein.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has become the most popular and efficient method for genome engineering in mammalian cells. The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease can function with two types of guide RNAs: the native dual crRNA and tracrRNA (crRNA:tracrRNA) or a chimeric single guide RNA (sgRNA). Although sgRNAs expressed from a DNA vector are predominant in the literature, guide RNAs can be rapidly generated by chemical synthesis and provide equivalent functionality in gene editing experiments. This review highlights the attributes and advantages of chemically synthesized guide RNAs including the incorporation of chemical modifications to enhance gene editing efficiencies in certain applications. The use of synthetic guide RNAs is also uniquely suited to genome-scale high throughput arrayed screening, particularly when using complex phenotypic assays for functional genomics studies. Finally, the use of synthetic guide RNAs along with DNA-free sources of Cas9 (mRNA or protein) allows for transient CRISPR-Cas9 presence in the cell, thereby resulting in a decreased probability of off-target events.
Blood is an important component produced by the human body. Blood is also a very vital part of human survival. When blood levels in the human body are less than they should be, the way to overcome ...this is by donating blood or blood transfusion. The health facilities that organize blood donations, provide blood and distribute blood are called Blood Transfusion Units (UTD). UTD in carrying out its duties encountered several obstacles, such as blood only having a shelf life of 35 days from donation. If it has passed the expiration date, it cannot be used anymore for blood transfusions. Meanwhile, regarding the demand for blood, the need for blood is greater than those donating. Making it difficult for UTD if the demand occurs when the existing blood stock is not sufficient. And if the stock in UTD experiences an axcess, it can cause losses because the blood is wasted due to expiration. Apart form that. The problem is that in everyday life, many people’s need for blood is reduced. Many of their families intervened directly to find available donors. They even search on social networks or social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and others. And this shows that many of them lack donors. To anticipate these problems. So it is necessary to carry out research on forecasting blood demand using the Support Vektor Regression method at UTD PMI Central Lombok. The aim of this research is to forecast or predict the demand for blood at UTD PMI Central Lombok in the coming period. To reduce the impact of lack or excess blood. SVR is the application of Support Vektor Machine (SVM) in the case of regression to find the best dividing line in the regression function. The advantage of the SVR model is that it can handle overfiting problems in the data. The tests used to measure the best model are Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2). The results of this research shows that the best model is Support Vektor Regression (SVR) with a polynomial kernel and based on the tuning results, the parameters used are C=10, degree=1, epsilon=1. The SVR model using a polynomial kernel produces a MAPE value of 18.7502% and RMSE value of 0.6919, which means the model has very good predictive ability. Prediction accuracy was achieved with an R2 value of 0.9936 or 99.36% and an MSE value of 0.4787, which means that the prediction of blood demand data at UTD PMI Central Lombok using SVR with a polynomial kernel function had very good prediction accuracy. With predicted result in january for blood type A it was 1654, B was 920, O was 2205 and AB was 1104
Filariasis adalah penyakit menular menahun disebabkan oleh cacing filaria dan ditularkan oleh berbagai spesies nyamuk seperti Mansonia, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, dan Armigeres. Penelitian ini ...bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman dan perilaku menggigit nyamuk sebagai vektor potensial penularan filariasis di Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan selama 12 jam dari pukul 18.00–06.00 dengan metode human landing collection dan animal biting trap. Pada Desember 2016 hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel nyamuk yang ditangkap di daerah studi berjumlah 16 spesies dengan spesies paling dominan yang ditemukan adalah Mansonia uniformis (47,28%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (23,89%), dan Culex vishnui (14,48%). Ma. uniformis memiliki perilaku menggigit lebih banyak di luar rumah dengan rata-rata angka perilaku menggigit (man biting rate/MBR) sebesar 100,50 nyamuk/malam dan angka kepadatan gigitan nyamuk (man hour density/MHD) sebesar 11,90 dan merupakan yang tertinggi dari semua spesies nyamuk yang ditemukan. Analisis parity rate melalui pembedahan terhadap nyamuk dewasa mengkonfirmasi bahwa perkiraan umur populasi Ma. uniformis adalah 31,8 hari dan Ma. uniformis terdeteksi positif sebagai vektor penularan filariasis.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is effective in manipulating genetic loci in mammalian cell cultures and whole fish but efficient platforms applicable to fish cell lines are currently limited. Our initial ...attempts to employ this technology in fish cell lines using heterologous promoters or a ribonucleoprotein approach failed to indicate genomic alteration at targeted sites in a tilapia brain cell line (OmB). For potential use in a DNA vector approach, endogenous tilapia beta Actin (OmBAct), EF1 alpha (OmEF1a), and U6 (TU6) promoters were isolated. The strongest candidate promoter determined by EGFP reporter assay, OmEF1a, was used to drive constitutive Cas9 expression in a modified OmB cell line (Cas9-OmB1). Cas9-OmB1 cell transfection with vectors expressing gRNAs driven by the TU6 promoter achieved mutational efficiencies as high as 81% following hygromycin selection. Mutations were not detected using human and zebrafish U6 promoters demonstrating the phylogenetic proximity of U6 promoters as critical when used for gRNA expression. Sequence alteration to TU6 improved mutation rate and cloning efficiency. In conclusion, we report new tools for ectopic expression and a highly efficient, economical system for manipulation of genomic loci and evaluation of their causal relationship with adaptive cellular phenotypes by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in fish cells.
In this paper, some drawbacks of original kernel independent component analysis (KICA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms are analyzed for the purpose of multivariate statistical process ...monitoring (MSPM). When the measured variables follow non-Gaussian distribution, KICA provides more meaningful knowledge by extracting higher-order statistics compared with PCA and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). However, in real industrial processes, process variables are complex and are not absolutely Gaussian or non-Gaussian distributed. Any single technique is not sufficient to extract the hidden information. Hence, both KICA (non-Gaussion part) and KPCA (Gaussion part) are used for fault detection in this paper, which combine the advantages of KPCA and KICA to develop a nonlinear dynamic approach to detect fault online compared to other nonlinear approaches. Because SVM is available for classifying faults, it is used to diagnose fault in this paper.
For above mentioned kernel methods, the calculation of eigenvectors and support vectors will be time consuming when the sample number becomes large. Hence, some dissimilar data are analyzed in the input and feature space.
The proposed approach is applied to the fault detection and diagnosis in the Tennessee Eastman process. Application of the proposed approach indicates that proposed method effectively captures the nonlinear dynamics in the process variables.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most deadly cancer in the US, with a meager 5-year survival rate of <20%. Such unfavorable numbers are closely related to the heterogeneity of the disease ...and the unsatisfactory therapies currently used to manage patients with invasive HCC. Outside of the clinic, gene therapy research is evolving to overcome the poor responses and toxicity associated with standard treatments. The inadequacy of gene delivery vectors, including poor intracellular delivery and cell specificity, are major barriers in the gene therapy field. Herein, we described a non-viral strategy for effective and cancer-specific DNA delivery to human HCC using biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) nanoparticles (NPs). Varied PBAE NP formulations were evaluated for transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity to a range of human HCC cells as well as healthy human hepatocytes. To address HCC heterogeneity, nine different sources of human HCC cells were utilized. The polymeric NPs composed of 2-((3-aminopropyl)amino) ethanol end-modified poly(1,5-pentanediol diacrylate-co-3-amino-1-propanol) (‘536’) at a 25 polymer-to-DNA weight-to-weight ratio led to high transfection efficacy to all of the liver cancer lines, but not to hepatocytes. Each individual HCC line had a significantly higher percentage of exogenous gene expression than the healthy liver cells (P<0.01). Notably, this biodegradable end-modified PBAE gene delivery vector was not cytotoxic and maintained the viability of hepatocytes above 80%. In a HCC/hepatocyte co-culture model, in which cancerous and healthy cells share the same micro-environment, 536 25 w/w NPs specifically transfected cancer cells. PBAE NP administration to a subcutaneous HCC mouse model, established with one of the human lines tested in vitro, confirmed effective DNA transfection in vivo. PBAE-based NPs enabled high and preferential DNA delivery to HCC cells, sparing healthy hepatocytes. These biodegradable and liver cancer-selective NPs are a promising technology to deliver therapeutic genes to liver cancer.
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