Abstract
Muara Enim is an endemic lymphatic filariasis district in South Sumatera Province. Microfilaria rate reported in 2009 was 10.3%. Filarial prevention mass drug administration (MDA) was ...simultaneously carried out since 2013. The objectives of the study were to identify the lymphatic filariasis situation (microfilaria rate, history of drugs administration, vector species and larval habitat) after the introduction of third phase filariasis prevention drugs. Study design was cross sectional study, which located in Penanggiran and Cinta Kasih Village, Muara Enim District in 2015. Sampling was done by examination of finger blood at night from 19:00 to 24:00. The history of taking MDA was asked to the villagers > 15 years old that were taken finger blood speciments. The catching of adult mosquitoes was done once by human landing collection method for 12 hours (18.00-06.00). Observation of larvae was conducted in larval breeding habitats.The results found one sample Brugia malayi mikrofilaria species positive of 726 from the sentinel village of sentinel. Microfilarial rate was 0.29%. The dominant mosquito vector species was Culex quinquefasciatus. The mosquito larvae were found in the marsh area. We found only 22% of 537 respondents has been taking the drug three times for three years.
Abstrak
Muara Enim merupakan daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi SumateraSelatan. Mikrofilaria rate dilaporkan tahun 2009 sebesar 10,3%. Pemberianobat pencegahan massal serentak dilakukan sejak tahun 2013. Tujuanpenelitian mengetahui gambaran filariasis (mikrofilaria rate, riwayat minumobat, spesies nyamuk dan habitat larva) pasca-Pemberian Obat PencegahanMassal (pasca-POPM) filariasis tahap tiga. Desain penelitian studi potonglintang, lokasi penelitian di Desa Penanggiran dan Cinta Kasih. Pengambilansampel dengan cara pemeriksaan darah jari pada malam hari dimulai pukul19.00-24.00 WIB terhadap seluruh penduduk desa yang datang pada saatsurvei darah jari (SDJ). Riwayat minum obat pencegahan ditanyakan padapenduduk yang diambil spesimen darah jari berumur >15 tahun. Penangkapannyamuk dewasa dilakukan masing-masing satu kali di desa lokasi penelitiandengan metode human landing collection selama 12 jam (18.00–06.00 WIB).Pengamatan dan pencidukan larva pada habitat perkembangbiakan larva.Hasil pemeriksaan darah terhadap 726 orang ditemukan satu orang positifmikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate sebesar 0,29%.Frekuensi minum obat massal filariasis selama tiga tahun POPM dari 537responden hanya sebesar 22,0%. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan ditemukanCulex quinquefasciatus. Larva nyamuk vektor filariasis ditemukan di rawa.Disarankan sosialisasi, pentingnya minum obat pencegahan filariasis danpeningkatan praktik pencegahan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk.
CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the field of genome engineering. Base editing, a new genome editing strategy, was recently developed to engineer nucleotide substitutions. DNA base editing systems use ...a catalytically impared Cas nuclease together with a nucleobase deaminase enzyme to specifically introduce point mutations without generating double-stranded breaks, which provide huge potential in crop improvement. Here, we describe fast and efficient preparation of user-friendly C to T base editors, BE3, and Target-AID. Presented are detailed protocols for T-DNA vector preparation with BE3 or modified Target-AID base editor based on Gateway assembly and efficiency assessment of base editing through a rice protoplast transient expression system.
CRISPR-/Cas9-mediated gene editing has been demonstrated in a number of food crops including tomato. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is both an important food crop and a model plant species that has ...been used extensively for studying gene function, especially as it relates to fruit biology. This duality in purpose combined with readily available resources (mutant populations, genome sequences, transformation methodology) makes tomato an ideal candidate for gene editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system routinely used in our laboratory has been applied to various tomato genotypes and the wild species, Solanum pimpinellifolium. The vector system is based on Golden Gate cloning techniques. Cassettes that contain the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) selectable marker gene that confers resistance to kanamycin, a human codon-optimized Cas9 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, and guide RNA (gRNA) under control of the Arabidopsis U6 polymerase promoter are assembled into a T-DNA vector. Generally, we design CRISPR/Cas9 constructs that contain two gRNAs per gene target. However, we have been successful with inclusion of up to eight gRNAs to simultaneously target multiple genes and regions. Introduction of CRISPR-/Cas9-designed constructs into tomato is accomplished by transformation methodology based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of young cotyledon sections and selection on kanamycin-containing medium based on the presence of the NPTII gene. The approaches for the development of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs and genotypic analyses (PCR-based amplicon sequencing and T7 endonuclease) are detailed in this chapter.
Abstrak Rekayasa genetika dilakukannya untuk manipulasi gen-gen tertentu sehingga ekspresi gen dapat dikontrol dan produknya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan tertentu, salah satunya untuk pengobatan ...penyakit dengan terapi gen. Terapi ini melibatkan transfer asam nukleat berupa DNA ke sel embrionik maupun somatik pasien sehingga gen tersebut memiliki efek pengobatan terhadap penyakit pasien. Gen fungsional yang ditransfer berperan menggantikan fungsi gen abnormal yang menyebabkan penyakit tertentu. Terapi gen dapat dilakukan pada sel embrional (germ line gene therapy) maupun sel somatik (somatic cells gene therapy) pada pasien secara in vivo maupun ex vivo. Penyisipan gen pada terapi ini menggunakan vektor virus maupun non virus. Keberhasilan terapi gen salah satunya tergantung pada efektifitas transfer gen yang dilakukan dan ekspresi gen fungsional. Gen fungsional yang telah tertransfer selanjutnya harus diekspresikan dengan baik sehingga terapi dapat berhasil. Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memungkinkan dilakukannya terapi gen, terkait dengan adanya abnormalitas gen penyebab proliferasi sel yang tidak terkontrol. Abstract Genetic engineering has the ability to manipulate specific genes so its expression can be controlled. The control of gene expression can be used as a gene functional for appropriate purposes, such as diseases cure with gene therapy. This therapy involves DNA as nucleic acid which is transfer to embryonic or somatic cells of patients with certain diseases. The purpose of the gene therapy is to switch an abnormal gene to be a functional gene which has a cure effect for the disease. The functional gene has to substitute the abnormal gene leads to certain disease, either germ line gene therapy or somatic cells therapy. The gene therapy needs a vector to carry the functional gene to targeted cells, in vivo or ex vivo. The vector can be used viral or non viral vectors. The possibilities of achievement of its therapy depend on gene transfer effectiveness and also functional gene expression. The cancer is the one of diseases which can be treated with the gene therapy due to its uncontrolled gene of cell proliferation.
Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi dari hasil diskusi dengan guru, data awal berupa tes kemampuan kognitif dan pengamatan di kelas tentang masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam pembelajaran matematika terkait ...vektor. Masalah yang muncul antara lain: siswa kurang mampu memahami konsep matematika pada materi vektor. Siswa cenderung dapat mengerjakan soal sesuai dengan contoh yang diberikan namun kurang mampu mengerjakan soal yang berbeda dengan contoh. Hal ini disebabkan pembelajaran matematika materi vektor yang berlangsung di sekolah masih bersifat informatif dan abstrak, sehingga pemahaman konsep pada materi vector kurang dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain pembelajaran materi vektor yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika pada materi vector yang didasrakan pada hasil analisis hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) terhadap kemampuan kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 30 siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Tangerang. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi untuk kajian penelitian selanjutnya dalam upaya pengembangan desain didaktik yang dihipotesiskan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada materi vektor.
Hasil belajar pokok bahasan analisis vektor mahasiswa semester I P. Fisika semester I kurang dari 75. Model inkuiri terbimbing diterapkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Metode yang digunakan ...adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa mahasiswa semester I gasal tahun akdemik (2015/2016) sejumlah 25 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian memberikan kesimpulan bahwa model inkuiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pokok bahasan vektor non konten, pada siklus I (75,20) dan siklus II (76,52), sedangkan vektor berbasis konten siklus I (68,36) menjadi (69,40) pada siklus II. Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I dan II dibandingkan dengan base line, walaupun pada siklus II mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan siklus I.
Abstract Understanding the factors that cause fraud and properly defining key areas of conduct is one of the most effective ways to detect potential irregularities, where the auditor’s professional ...judgment and skepticism are essential. In this respect, it is necessary to study some key financial indicators, but also to use various procedures to identify and detect fraud and possible manipulation in the financial reporting process. The objectives are aimed at identifying and highlighting possible red flags in companies whose shares are traded on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The sample considered sensitive to fraudulent financial reporting is composed of four distinct categories of companies, namely: companies recently admitted to trading on the AeRO market administered by the Bucharest Stock Exchange (21), companies that obtained a zero Vektor score in 2020 (9), companies that obtained a low score in the White Letter publication (5), and companies in insolvency (4).
The ability to ablate a gene in a given tissue by generating a conditional knockout (cKO) is crucial for determining its function in the targeted tissue. Such tissue-specific ablation is even more ...critical when the gene's conventional knockout (KO) is lethal, which precludes studying the consequences of its deletion in other tissues. Therefore, here we describe a successful strategy that generated a Matrix Gla floxed mouse (Mgp.floxed) by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, that subsequently allowed the generation of cKOs by local viral delivery of the Cre-recombinase enzyme. MGP is a well-established inhibitor of calcification gene, highly expressed in arteries' smooth muscle cells and chondrocytes. MGP is also one of the most abundant genes in the trabecular meshwork, the eye tissue responsible for maintenance of intraocular pressure (IOP) and development of Glaucoma. Our strategy entailed one-step injection of two gRNAs, Cas9 protein and a long-single-stranded-circular DNA donor vector (lsscDNA, 6.7 kb) containing two loxP sites in cis and 900-700 bp 5'/3' homology arms. Ocular intracameral injection of Mgp.floxed mice with a Cre-adenovirus, led to an Mgp.TMcKO mouse which developed elevated IOP. Our study discovered a new role for the Mgp gene as a keeper of physiological IOP in the eye.
This paper aims to expose the evolution of investor relations among companies listed on the main market of the Bucharest Stock Exchange through the VEKTOR qualitative indicator. For this purpose, ...both economic and financial analysis tools were used, such as the dynamic analysis of the VEKTOR score between 2019 and 2021, by using multiple grouping criteria, namely share type, field of activity and structure of majority shareholding, but also econometric tools, respectively a regression model that aims to correlate the evolution of the VEKTOR indicator obtained by the companies in the sample analyzed with three of the most relevant stock market and financial indicators, in this case market capitalization, stock price and return on equity. Thus, significant increases of the average value of the researched indicator were observed in the period 2020-2021, as well as a strong, direct link between the independent variables and the dependent variable, the analyzed phenomenon being explained in a proportion of 30,05% by the dynamics of the indicators used in the analysis.
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