El objetivo fue evaluar la supervivencia al riego con soluciones de NaCl en 28 genotipos del género Vitis para identificar su grado de tolerancia salina. Se estudiaron 11 híbridos de Vitis americanos ...y 17 variedades de Vitis vinifera. Plantas de 1 y 2 años se regaron durante 66 días con una solución 100 mM de NaCl. Para clasificar las variedades de acuerdo con su grado de tolerancia a la salinidad, se calculó el día en que el 25% de la población había muerto (1er cuartil de la muestra). Se consideraron como genotipos sensibles aquellos en que al menos 25% había muerto antes del día 30 (3309 Couderc, 161-49 Couderc, Fercal, Freedom, 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, SO4, Torrontés Sanjuanino), como poco tolerantes cuando al menos 25% murió entre los días 30 y 60 (Cereza, Colombard, Criollas Blanca y Ballista, Palomino, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Syrah, Torrontés Riojano) y como tolerantes cuando el 75% o menos sobrevivió más de 60 días (101-14 Millardet-Grasset, 196-17 Castel, Criollas Chica y Sanjuanina, Moscatel de Alejandría, Pedro Giménez). Aun en los genotipos más tolerantes cuando las plantas crecieron bajo salinidad, la integridad de membranas celulares se redujo un 17% y el contenido de clorofila total disminuyó un 52%.
Aims and objectives
To generate a standardised definition for fundamental care and identify the discrete elements that constitute such care.
Background
There is poor conceptual clarity surrounding ...fundamental care. The Fundamentals of Care Framework aims to overcome this problem by outlining three core dimensions underpinning such care. Implementing the Framework requires a standardised definition for fundamental care that reflects the Framework's conceptual understanding, as well as agreement on the elements that comprise such care (i.e., patient needs, such as nutrition, and nurse actions, such as empathy). This study sought to achieve this consensus.
Design
Modified Delphi study.
Methods
Three phases: (i) engaging stakeholders via an interactive workshop; (ii) using workshop findings to develop a preliminary definition for, and identify the discrete elements that constitute, fundamental care; and (iii) gaining consensus on the definition and elements via a two‐round Delphi approach (Round 1 n = 38; Round 2 n = 28).
Results
Delphi participants perceived both the definition and elements generated from the workshop as comprehensive, but beyond the scope of fundamental care. Participants questioned whether the definition should focus on patient needs and nurse actions, or more broadly on how fundamental care should be delivered (e.g., through a trusting nurse–patient relationship), and the outcomes of this care delivery. There were also mixed opinions whether the definition should be nursing specific.
Conclusions
This study has initiated crucial dialogue around how fundamental care is conceptualised and defined. Future work should focus on further refinements of the definition and elements with a larger, international group of practising nurses and service users.
Relevance to clinical practice
The definition and elements, through ongoing refinement, will contribute to a robust evidence base that will underpin policy development and the systematic and effective teaching, delivery, measurement and evaluation of fundamental care.
Background. The grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a member of the Geminiviridae family that has a single-stranded DNA genome consisting of 3,206 nucleotides, from which two clades (1 and 2) ...diverge with differences of up to 8.5% in the genome. The symptoms associated with the red blotch disease are leaves with irregular red spots, the veins turn red and occasionally margins of the same color can be observed; white grape cultivars symptoms are less marked, involving slight chlorosis of irregular shape that may become necrotic as time, causing delays in fruit maturation and alterations in the chemical characteristics of the juice. Objective. Introduce the current situation of the grapevine red blotch virus on the vine worldwide and the risk that it represents as an emerging disease in Mexico, as well as the available detection methods and strategies for managing the disease and its known vectors. Methodology. Employed method was a literature review about Grapevine “red spot” virus and its damages on the vine plants. Main findings. A review is obtained with the distribution of GRBV worldwide, highlighting the main differences with Pierce disease and GLRaV, knowledge of the vectors and the amin detection techniques. Implications. The real spread of the red blotch disease caused by GRBV in Mexico, specific vectors or alternative hosts is not known, which represents a latent risk to the national grape production. Communicate timely and available information about possible vectors, detection techniques and symptoms caused by GRBV are very important for a monitoring and control strategy design. Conclusions. The disease caused by GRBV has been recently detected in Mexico country, making crucial to establish effective and reliable detection strategies that improve the monitoring and control of GRBV and its possible vectors. This review shows the current panorama of the GRBV distribution in Mexico and the world, the repercussions on the crop due to the effect of the symptoms that affect the physiology and metabolism of the plants, which affects the production and quality fruit, as well as the information available to support the vine production systems in Mexico.
Resumen Se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de cepas nativas, de Trichoderma spp. frente a Verticillium dahliae, en diferentes condiciones de cultivo e incubación. Se realizó el aislamiento e ...identificación molecular de cepas nativas antagónicas y del fitopatógeno. Los mismos, fueron evaluadas en dos ensayos in vitro, empleando medio de cultivo ADP en dos condiciones de pH e incubados bajo dos condiciones de iluminación. Mediante técnicas de cultivo dual se efectuó un ensayo con diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 x 2, y de microcultivos. Se evaluó la capacidad antagonista de dos cepas nativas de Trichoderma, TT (T. hamatum) y M5A (T. hamatum) sobre la cepa del fitopatógeno nativo (Verticillium dahliae). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la cepa TT a pH 6.5 con 16 h luz/8 h oscuridad tuvo el menor Tiempo de Contacto y mayor Porcentaje de Inhibición de Crecimiento con 8 h de luz/16 h. de oscuridad. En ambos ensayos y tratamientos se obtuvo Clase 1, siendo ambas eficientes en la competencia por sustrato y espacio. Se observó que la cepa nativa M5A y la cepa patrón TT parasitan al fitopatógeno. Por lo que se concluye que la cepa TT presenta mayores atributos de antagonismo frente al fitopatógeno V. dahliae, en condiciones de 8 h luz/ 16 h oscuridad.
Cilj je rada analizirati demografska kretanja stanovništva Župe Vid krajem 19. stoljeća. Utvrdit će se razlike u stopi nataliteta i mortaliteta od 1869. do 1900. godine po desetljećima. Detaljnije će ...se analizirati posljednje desetljeće u kojem će se obraditi natalitet, mortalitet i nupcijalitet. Pokušat će se utvrditi kakav je utjecaj naglog razvitka obližnje luke Metković te vinske klauzule iz 1891. godine imao na demografska kretanja župe.
The analysis of the demographics of the population of the parish of Vid from 1891 to 1900 showed that mortality of population remained as low as in previous decades, but the birth rate increased dramatically. The child mortality rate, however, remained as high as in the rest of Dalmatia. However high birth rate caused significant growth of population. The inactive migration balance slowed down population growth. Despite the infamous wine clause (1891.) and the development of Metković, the nearby parish of Vid did not record a significant increase in population emigration from 1891 to 1900 compared to previous decades. Apparently, the collapse of the most widespread economic branch in Dalmatia came after 1900. The end of the 19th century in the parish of Vid seems to be the last decade of relative economic prosperity which enabled the growth of birth rates to the biological limits of the population.
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) allows for preoperative mapping for eloquent gliomas. Besides surgical planning, it also guides intraoperative stimulation mapping. The authors' ...routine includes preoperative nTMS plus nTMS-based tractography for motor and language to consult patients, plan surgery, craniotomy, and guide cortical and subcortical stimulation. Here, the authors present this routine in a 48-year-old woman with a glioma of the left middle and superior frontal gyrus reaching the precentral gyrus and superior longitudinal fascicle. Gross-total resection via awake surgery was achieved without deficit. The nTMS data and nTMS-based tractography augment eloquent glioma management far beyond its current application. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/h4ldgMXL1ys .
Purpose
Exercise training is an effective and safe way to counteract cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). High-intensity interval training has proven ...beneficial for the health of clinical populations. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effects of resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT–HIIT), and moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT–HIIT) to usual care (UC) in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was CRF and the secondary endpoints were HRQoL and cancer treatment-related symptoms.
Methods
Two hundred and forty women planned to undergo chemotherapy were randomized to supervised RT–HIIT, AT–HIIT, or UC. Measurements were performed at baseline and at 16 weeks. Questionnaires included Piper Fatigue Scale, EORTC-QLQ-C30, and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale.
Results
The RT–HIIT group was superior to UC for CRF: total CRF (
p
= 0.02), behavior/daily life (
p
= 0.01), and sensory/physical (
p
= 0.03) CRF. Role functioning significantly improved while cognitive functioning was unchanged for RT–HIIT compared to declines shown in the UC group (
p
= 0.04). AT–HIIT significantly improved emotional functioning versus UC (
p
= 0.01) and was superior to UC for pain symptoms (
p
= 0.03). RT–HIIT reported a reduced symptom burden, while AT–HIIT remained stable compared to deteriorations shown by UC (
p
< 0.01). Only RT–HIIT was superior to UC for total symptoms (
p
< 0.01).
Conclusions
16 weeks of resistance and HIIT was effective in preventing increases in CRF and in reducing symptom burden for patients during chemotherapy for breast cancer. These findings add to a growing body of evidence supporting the inclusion of structured exercise prescriptions, including HIIT, as a vital component of cancer rehabilitation.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT02522260.
Estudios locales sobre sustentabilidad del cultivo de vid en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina, han demostrado que el manejo tradicional del cultivo presenta un alto grado de insustentabilidad. ...Esto se debe a un inadecuado manejo de suelo, pérdida de biodiversidad y una dependencia del 100 % de insumos externos. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el manejo tradicional de suelo que realizan los productores locales, en comparación con manejos agroecológicos y su impacto sobre la composición química de suelo, rendimiento y calidad de la cv Malbec
Vitis vinífera L.
Los tratamientos fueron,
Control: manejo tradicional
(fertilizante sintético N 46, 100 kg ha
-1
),
Compost
(subproductos agroindustriales, CE 8980, pH 7.1, N 1.61, P 1.08, K 0.34, MO 27.8, 32000 kg ha
-1
),
Guano de gallina
(CE 9080, pH 7.3, N 2.00, P 1.5, K 0.29, MO 30.5, 32000 kg ha
-1
). Los tratamientos se llevaron a cabo durante tres temporadas 2019, 2020 y 2021. En el control se eliminaron las malezas con glifosato 36 %, (eliminación del 100% de la vegetación), mientras que en los tratamientos compost y guano, se mantuvo la vegetación espontánea con desbrozadora cada 20 días. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron efecto sobre la composición química del suelo, siendo el compost quien obtuvo los mayores valores, logrando incrementos del 40% N, 50% P, 19% K y 14% MO comparados con el control. Adicionalmente, el compost mantuvo el rendimiento y calidad de racimos. Sumado a los beneficios mencionados, el tratamiento a base de compost permite disminuir el uso de agroquímicos, la contaminación y la degradación del suelo e incrementar la biodiversidad mediante el mantenimiento de la vegetación espontánea.
Local studies on the sustainability of grapevine cultivation in the province of San Juan, Argentina, have shown that the traditional management of the crop is highly unsustainable. This is due to inadequate soil management, biodiversity loss and a 100% dependence on external inputs. Under this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional soil management carried out by local producers, in comparison with agroecological management and its impact on the chemical composition of the soil, yield and quality of the cv Malbec
Vitis vinifera
L. The treatments were, Control: traditional management (synthetic fertilizer N 46, 100 kg ha
-1
), Compost (agroindustrial byproducts, CE 8980, pH 7.1, N 1.61, P1.08, K 0.34, MO 27.8, 32000 kg ha
-1
), chicken manure (CE 9080, pH 7.3, N 2.00, P 1.5, K 0.29, MO 30.5, 32000 kg ha
-1
). The treatments were carried out during three seasons 2019, 2020 and 2021. Weed control was carried out with 36% glyphosate, (elimination of 100% of the vegetation) in the control, while in the compost and chicken manure treatments, spontaneous vegetation was maintained with a brush cutter every 20 days. All treatments had an effect on the chemical composition of the soil, with compost obtaining the highest values, achieving increases of 40% N, 50% P, 19% K and 14% MO compared to the control. Furthermore, the compost maintained the yield and bunches quality. In addition to the aforementioned benefits, the compost-based treatment makes it possible to reduce the use of agrochemicals, contamination and soil degradation, and increase biodiversity by maintaining spontaneous vegetation.
Abstract Canes obtained from one-year-old stems of the grapevine cultivars Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah (all non-grafted) were used as models to test their susceptibility ...to Diplodia seriata and Diplodia mutila. The results showed that the mean length of lesions caused by D. mutila was 3.2 times larger than that produced by D. seriata. In addition, the Cabernet Franc and Syrah cultivars were the most susceptible to D. mutila, while Merlot and Malbec were the least susceptible. No significant differences were observed between cultivars inoculated with D. seriata. The results are discussed in terms of the susceptibility of the different grapevine cultivars to both pathogens.
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