In seismic data processing, the suppression of internal multiple is a challenging direction. To suppress internal multiples, we propose an unsupervised deep neural network method based on adaptive ...virtual events and joint constraints of multi-deep neural networks (JCMDNN). First, we use an adaptive virtual event (AVE) method to obtain predicted internal multiples by convolution and cross-correlation. The predicted internal multiples can well calibrate true internal multiples and provide good prior information. Second, we use the unsupervised deep neural network (UDNN) to map the predicted internal multiples to the estimated true internal multiples. Finally, the de-multiple results can be obtained by subtracting the estimated true internal multiples from the data containing internal multiples. Three deep neural networks (DNNs), one input data, six output data, and six pseudo-labels (PLs) are combined into the base learners and auxiliary learners of UDNN. UDNN uses the nonlinear optimization ability of DNNs to map predicted internal multiples to true internal multiples through the joint constraints of multi-DNNs. Three auxiliary learners correct outputs of the base learners to reduce the nonlinear mapping deviation of UDNN. Using joint constraints of multi-DNNs by combining all base learners and auxiliary learners is called ensemble learning. Our proposed JCMDNN method does not need true internal multiples and true primaries as the input and output data, which solves the problem of missing training datasets and has wide use ranges. The effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method to suppress internal multiples are demonstrated through two synthetic and one field data examples.
The metaverse has revolutionized the way event experiences are virtualized, as this cutting-edge technology is especially capable of fostering dynamic interactivity among avatars. However, few ...empirical studies have explored the creation of avatars for virtual events in the metaverse. This research delves into the theme in a mixed-methods approach. The results of semi-structured interviews with participants in a conference held in the metaverse highlighted that they would create a single, unique avatar, whose style would be adapted to the characteristics of future events. These findings were assessed later in an online experiment, in which participants created their own avatars for a (utilitarian or hedonic) virtual event in the metaverse. The results confirmed that users would create avatars with formal/informal styles depending on the utilitarian/hedonic value they expected to derive from the event. In addition, the expectancy they feel about the metaverse experience prompts attendees to design avatars similar to themselves, which significantly increases their satisfaction with their digital personas. The technical capabilities of the platform (ease of use and customization) seem also to play an important role in enhancing satisfaction with the avatar. This research suggests specific actions that might be taken to ensure that attendees of virtual events in the metaverse are satisfied with their avatar designs.
•Users prefer to create a unique avatar and adapt its style to the event in the metaverse.•The type of virtual event evokes different expectations toward the event.•Utilitarian and hedonic expected value shape the formal and informal avatar style.•Expectancy toward the event increases the similarity and satisfaction with the avatar.•Avatar similarity increases users' satisfaction with their avatar.
The shift to virtual events by the MICE sector was one of the first strategies adopted by the sector in response to the restrictions imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the ...factors mediating the return of in-person MICE events in South Africa. Utilising a qualitative research design, interviews with MICE event planners, professional associations, and governing authorities reveal that live events are perceived to have greater potential to attain local economic development benefits and MICE event legacies. Additionally, the limitations of virtual events had a subsequent effect on networking, direct selling, and other main motives for attending MICE events. The return of in-person events began with stimulating the local market and exploring more hybrid events. Overall, the study presents the resilience of in-person MICE events, examining the various steps taken to ensure its return post-COVID-19.
Towards a typology of virtual events Yung, Ryan; Le, Truc H.; Moyle, Brent ...
Tourism management (1982),
October 2022, 2022-10-00, Volume:
92
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Despite the mounting prominence of COVID-induced virtual substitutes to face-to-face events, the boundaries and terminology between different types of virtual events have not been clearly defined. ...Theoretical misconceptions exist surrounding the diffusion of virtual reality and existing virtual events into the tourism, hospitality and events sectors, with conceptual ambiguity generating contention. Consequently, this paper develops a typology of virtual events designed to clarify theoretical misconceptions and establish clear limits whereby all virtual events can be classified. Integrating the three dimensions of social presence, virtuality of environment, and location, the SPEL cube is presented as a conceptual model. This paper contributes to understanding the extant literature and practices of virtual events, providing implications for the management of events in the tourism, hospitality, and events sectors; and delivering a foundation for future research into optimal adaptations of immersive technologies.
This study departs from the premise that COVID-19 has fast-tracked the transition to the virtual environment in the global meetings, incentives, conference/convention, and exhibition (MICE) events ...sector. Using South Africa as a case study, the research explores the use of virtual and hybrid events in enhancing the resilience of MICE events. Adopting a mixed methods approach, data was collected from 19 purposively selected MICE tourism stakeholders (involved in the planning and organizing of the MICE sector) as well as 500 MICE event attendees. The findings reveal that virtual and hybrid MICE events ensured the business continuity of the MICE sector during COVID-19. Additionally, these events were found to be essential for information sharing and proved valuable in times of uncertainty. The study further found that these events provided substantial market opportunities for MICE stakeholders in the country. However, the study uncovered that certain sub-sector of MICE, as well as some key functions, cannot be easily replicated in the virtual space. Moreover, several challenges surfaced when hosting such events, including the matter of internet connectivity and the significant capital investments required for their execution. Overall, the study concludes that virtual events have emerged as a valuable tool for enhancing the resilience of MICE events to crises, and hybrid events are postulated to become a prominent feature in MICE events offerings in the future.
This study suggests how adaptive event organizers should be toward virtual and hybrid events, explore the constraints, and recommend policies to support virtual and hybrid events in Indonesia. It ...uses a quantitative descriptive method, and data are collected through an online survey using the Survey Monkey application. The survey was conducted from August to September 2021, involving 170 event organizer managers. The result shows that they mostly earn income from management fees during the pandemic. Event organizers also take several ways to increase engagement in virtual events, such as combining internal and external resources to serve personnel and technical equipment and to keep the events productive. Policy support through capacity building in some aspects is highly recommended to increase the managerial skills of event organizers to produce higher quality outputs of the event. The suggested training materials cover how to monetize virtual events, how to improve skills in the technological aspects, and how to increase engagement for participants. This research provides an overview of virtual and hybrid events in Indonesia so that the government can take the necessary policies in creating quality events, especially during the pandemic.
In this paper, we present Planet Anima, a virtual environment designed for hosting virtual graduation events in the metaverse. Through this digital space, we successfully organized an online event ...under the COVID-19 circumstance, including a graduation ceremony and a student art exhibition. Our user study analyzes the Planet Anima experience with a focus on collaborative engagement and creative expression. Furthermore, we explore the impact of platform choice (headset VR vs. desktop VR) on metaverse user experience. Our findings demonstrate that Planet Anima can facilitate the co-experiences that foster creativity. Notably, the results indicate that headset VR outperforms desktop VR in terms of presence, social presence, and emotional involvement. This study also highlights the gaps between virtual and physical experiences, identifying the challenge of cybersickness associated with headset VR. These insights contribute to enhancing the user experience within the metaverse.
Seismic internal multiples are the key factors affecting the accuracy and reliability of velocity analysis and migration. The removal of internal multiples is a challenging direction. To effectively ...remove the internal multiples from the seismic data, we propose the unsupervised deep neural network (DNN) combined with the adaptive virtual events (AVEs) method. First, we use the AVE method to get the predicted internal multiples, which can calibrate the true internal multiples in the original data, also called the full wavefield data. Second, the unsupervised learning with the DNN is used as a nonlinear operator to minimize the difference between the estimated internal multiples and original data. The trained DNN can obtain the estimated internal multiples through the predicted internal multiples, thereby completing the suppression of the internal multiples. Since our proposed unsupervised learning is essentially an optimization process, it does not require true primaries as the label data to participate in the training process for the DNN. Therefore, our proposed method can deal with the problem of lack of training set and would have some good practical application value with low computational cost. The effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method are verified through two sets of synthetic data and one land field data examples.
Compared with first-order surface-related multiples from marine data, the onshore internal multiples are weaker and are always combined with a hazy and occasionally strong interference pattern. It is ...usually difficult to discriminate these events from complex targets and highly scattering overburdens, especially when the primary energy from deep layers is weaker than that from shallow layers. The internal multiple elimination is even more challenging due to the fact that the velocity and energy difference between primary reflections and internal multiples is tiny. In this study, we propose an improved method which formulates the elimination of the internal multiples as an optimization problem and develops a convolution factor T. The generated internal multiples at all interfaces are obtained using the convolution factor T through iterative inversion of the initial multiple model. The predicted internal multiples are removed from seismic data through subtraction. Finally, several synthetic experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our approach. The results of our study indicate that compared with the traditional virtual events method, the improved method simplifies the multiple prediction process in which internal multiples generated from each interface are built through iterative inversion, thus reducing the calculation cost, improving the accuracy, and enhancing the adaptability of field data.
This study contributes to the debate on the environmental impacts of academic conferences by comparing the life cycle impacts of a sample of real‐world in‐person, virtual, and hybrid conferences with ...different features and organizers. Results show that virtual formats reduce impacts by two to three orders of magnitude across all impact categories (for global warming, averagely from 941.9 to 1.0 kg CO2eq per person). The hybrid case study, with a share of 69% virtual attendees, displays an average 60% reduction in indicator results, less than ideal cases where the farthest attendees join online. The cross‐conference comparison allowed identifying several drivers of impact variation. For in‐person conferences, some never addressed drivers were uncovered, including the energy sources and systems used to supply the venue or the number of non‐local staff members and exhibitors. For virtual conferences, the main impact driver is the average time spent online by delegates, surprisingly more related to virtual experience design (e.g., synchronous vs. asynchronous presentations) than conference duration. The study further summarizes mitigation options from the literature and proposes new ones, such as selecting a venue supplied by a biomass‐fueled district heating system or with a green electricity contract (around −41 and −1.9 kg CO2eq per person, respectively). Lastly, our work highlights some inconsistencies that affect current conference assessments and proposes new research avenues, advocating the need to shift the focus from optimizing single conferences to considering the optimal portfolio of conferences and other activities for academic societies to meet their members’ needs while minimizing environmental impacts.
