Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia głównych wątków teologii muzyki w ujęciu Kasjodora (ok. 485-580), którego życiowym posłannictwem było zachowanie grecko-rzymskich wartości kulturowych. ...Pracował nad syntezą kultury starożytnej z kulturą świata chrześcijańskiego. Przyczynił się do ocalenia spuścizny myśli antycznej w czasach zamętu i barbarzyństwa. Był wzorem spotkania kultur, dialogu, pojednania. Kasjodor założył Vivarium – wspólnotę monastyczną, w której praca intelektualna mnicha była uznawana za niezwykle cenną. Dla ludzi Kościoła, takich jak Kasjodor, wielką wartością sztuk wyzwolonych, w tym muzyki, była taka formacja intelektualna chrześcijanina, aby mógł on rozumieć Pismo Święte. Jego dzieła dotyczące muzyki są szczególnie cenne dla studiów nad początkami muzyki kościelnej. Bogaty dorobek naukowy Kasjodora w tej dziedzinie czyni go prekursorem teologicznej refleksji nad muzyką.
The paper discusses the system of managing risks arising during preclinical studies (risks for the health of personnel and laboratory animals, as well as risks associated with sanitation of premises) ...as a way to improve and control the efficiency of processes and the safety of facilities involved in preclinical studies.
The aim of the study
was to analyse the risk assessment system’s efficiency for improvement of drug safety assessment during preclinical studies in the context of animal care and use programmes.
Materials and methods
: the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) method was used to assess the sanitary and hygienic conditions in laboratory animal facilities, as well as health status and welfare of laboratory animals and the attending personnel. The study checked the presence of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora as the main potential inconsistencies.
Results
: the risk assessment performed during monitoring of laboratory animal health, monitoring of surface cleanliness, and assessment of personnel health, helped to establish a list of the most dangerous pathogens that require stricter control. In order to reduce risks arising during preclinical studies, the following set of measures was proposed: monitoring of the living environment and health of laboratory animals, revision of therapeutic and preventive measures for laboratory animals (including adjustment of antibiotic treatment depending on antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms), monitoring of the personnel health status, taking measures to enhance the personnel vigilance with respect to their own health, prohibition to work at the premises for employees showing symptoms, control of how the employees showing symptoms observe the prohibition to work at the premises, organisation of periodic medical examinations for personnel having contact with laboratory animals.
Conclusions
: the risk-based assessment helped to identify the most dangerous potential inconsistencies (pathogenic and opportunistic microflora) and the necessary preventive measures to control and manage potential risk consequences.
The unexpected seroconversion of sentinel mice in our facility to murine T lymphotrophic virus (MTLV) positivity led to our identification of a novel murine astrovirus that we designated murine ...astrovirus 2 (MuAstV-2). During our investigation, MuAstV-2 was found to be a contaminant
of the T helper cell line (D10. G4.1) that was used to generate the MTLV antigen that we included in the multiplex fluorometric immunoassay (MFIA) that we used for sentinel screening. We eventually determined that cross-reactivity with the astrovirus generated a positive result in the MTLV
assay. A confirmatory immunofluorometric assay (IFA) using the same MTLV-infected cell line yielded a similar result. However, the use of antigen prepared from MTLV-infected neonatal mouse thymus did not reproduce a positive result, leading us to suspect that the seroreactivity we had observed
was not due to infection with MTLV. A mouse antibody production test showed that mice inoculated with naïve D10. G4.1 cells and their contact sentinels tested positive for MTLV using cell-line generated antigen, but tested negative in assays using MTLV antigen produced in mice. Metagenomic
analysis was subsequently used to identify MuAstV-2 in feces from 2 sentinel mice that had recently seroconverted to MTLV. Two closely related astrovirus sequences (99.6% capsid identity) were obtained and shared 95% capsid amino acid identity with the MuAstV-2 virus sequenced from the D10.
G4.1 cell line. These viruses are highly divergent from previously identified murine astroviruses, displaying <30% capsid identity, yet were closely related to murine astrovirus 2 (85% capsid identity), which had recently been isolated from feral mice in New York City. A MuAstV-2 specific
PCR assay was developed and used to eradicate MuAstV-2 from the infected colony using a test and cull strategy. The newly identified MuAstV2 readily transmits to immunocompetent mouse strains by fecal-oral exposure, but fails to infect NOD-Prkdcem26Cd52Il2rgem26Cd22/NjuCrl
(NCG) mice, which have significantly impaired adaptive and innate immune systems. Neither immunocompetent nor immunodeficient mice showed any astrovirus-associated pathology. MuAstV-2 may provide a valuable model for the study of specific aspects of astrovirus pathogenesis and virus-host interactions.
The collection of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Sangermanensis) gathers a documentation that articulates sensitivity regarding special Alexandrian events and universal communion. Like the Tripartita or the ...Institutiones, but by other ways, it thus marks a dull disapproval of Constantinople II council. Better yet, probably Sangermanensis has many to share with Cassiodorus’ Vivarium, where an effort to transpose the classical culture in the Judeo-Christian thought structure was engaged, at a moment in which the dialectic paradigmatic between Empire and Church so often reflected, for other times by prof. Marie-Françoise Baslez, inaugurated a new period.
This article aims i) to review the state of the art in the knowledge of phytosanitary problems reported in the initial stages of cacaocultivation in Ecuador, and ii) to describe the presence of such ...problems in Milagro vivariums. The sources of information were mixed,and these varied according to geographic scale. Information at the country level came from books or articles; in contrast, primary datato identify fungi and information provided by local farmers interviewed to describe local particularities, were used. At the same time,secondary data from undergraduate theses, institutional technical reports and press articles were used. Secondary information, withlow visibility but available in digital repositories, contains valuable information for local knowledge. The damages caused by fungiand by arthropods (sensu latu pests) were grouped by symptom and causal agent. Symptoms of abiotic origin are also included. Themanagement of insect damage is considered of little importance by nurserymen, unlike those caused by fungi and chromists thatconstitute the fundamental challenge.
Este artículo pretende i) revisar el estado del arte en el conocimiento de los problemas fitosanitarios reportados en las fases inicialesdel cultivo del cacao en el Ecuador, y ii) describir la presencia de tales problemas en viveros de Milagro. Las fuentes de informaciónfueron mixtas, y estas variaron según la escala geográfica. La información a nivel de país provino de libros o artículos; en cambio,para describir particularidades locales se utilizaron datos primarios de identificación de hongos e información facilitada por productoreslocales entrevistados. Al mismo tiempo, se usaron datos secundarios provenientes de tesis de pregrado, informes técnicosinstitucionales y artículos de prensa. La información secundaria, de poca visibilidad pero disponible en repositorios digitales, contieneinformación puntual válida para el conocimiento local. Los daños causados por hongos y por artrópodos (plagas sensu latu)se agruparon por síntoma y agente causal. De igual forma, se incluyen daños de origen abiótico. El manejo de los daños insectilesfue considerado de poca importancia por los viveristas, a diferencia de los causados por hongos y cromistas que constituyen eldesafío fundamental.
Abstract
Animals are studied en masse by biologists around the world in a variety of biomedical and basic research studies. All this research benefits humankind and animals alike as it tackles a wide ...variety of problems ranging from those of conservation biology to medicine. Research with animal subjects is a complex endeavor that requires the cooperation and collaboration of a large number of experts, from the principal investigator through technicians and vivarium staff to regulatory experts. The research must be conducted in a humane manner that adheres to acceptable practices regulated by local, state and federal guidelines, rules and the law. In this short opinion article, we examine the current state of affairs regarding how researchers, animal support staff and regulatory experts work together. We pay particular attention to potential conflicts that may arise from the occasionally distinct roles played by those involved in animal research, and we provide some suggestions as short- and long-term remedies that have not been previously discussed in the literature.
La collection dite de Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Sangermanensis) rassemble une documentation qui articule une réelle sensibilité aux dramatiques événements alexandrins (457) et un souci marqué de la ...communion universelle. Comme la Tripartita ou les Institutiones, mais par d’autres moyens, elle signale ainsi une sourde désapprobation du concile de Constantinople II. Mieux encore, la Sangermanensis entretient probablement un rapport particulier avec le Vivarium de Cassiodore, où un effort de transposition de la culture classique dans la structure de la pensée judéo-chrétienne est engagé, à un moment où la dialectique paradigmatique entre Empire et Église si souvent réfléchie, pour d’autres temps par le prof. Marie-Françoise Baslez, inaugure une nouvelle période de son histoire.
To some, a misguided Lamarckian and a fraud, to others a martyr in the fight against Darwinism, the Viennese zoologist Paul Kammerer (1880-1926) remains one of the most controversial scientists of ...the early 20th century. Here his work is reconsidered in light of turn-of-the-century problems in evolutionary theory and experimental methodology, as seen from Kammerer's perspective in Vienna. Kammerer emerges not as an opponent of Darwinism, but as one would-be modernizer of the 19th-century theory, which had included a role for the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Kammerer attempted a synthesis of Darwinism with genetics and the chromosome theory, while retaining the modifying effects of the environment as the main source of favorable variation, and he developed his program of experimentation to support it. Kammerer never had a regular university position, but worked at a private experimental laboratory, with sidelines as a teacher and a popular writer and lecturer. On the lecture circuit he held forth on the significance of his science for understanding and furthering cultural evolution and he satisfied his passion for the arts and performance. In his dual career as researcher and popularizer, he did not always follow academic convention. In the contentious and rapidly changing fields of heredity and evolution, some of his stances and practices, as well as his outsider status and part-Jewish background, aroused suspicion and set the stage for the scandal that ended his career and prompted his suicide.
Vienna's Institute of Experimental Biology, better known as the Vivarium, helped pioneer the quantification of experimental biology from 1903 to 1938. Among its noteable scientists were the director ...Hans Przibram and his brother Karl (a physicist), Paul Kammerer, Eugen Steinach, Paul Weiss, and Karl Frisch. The Vivarium's scientists sought to derive laws describing the development of the individual organism and its relationship to the environment. Unlike other contemporary proponents of biological laws, however, these researchers created an explicitly anti-deterministic science. By "laws" they meant statistical regularities or "patterns." They interpreted their experimental results in ways that forged a "third way" between determinism and pure spontaneity, aiming to capture the complexity of the interaction between the organism and its environment. This common feature of their research was made possible by the availability at the Vivarium of the latest in climate-control technology and of methods borrowed from statistical physics. The deeper roots of this search for a "third way" lay, I suggest, in the shared educational, social, and aesthetic experiences of the laboratory's workers.
This paper describes an easy, cheap, and safe method of capturing and handling the medically important spider Phoneutria for venom extraction. The method does not injure or kill the spider and allows ...the extraction of pure venom.
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