Zdravstvena pismenost in sladkorna bolezen Skok, Ines; Štemberger Kolnik, Tamara; Babnik, Katarina
Obzornik zdravstvene nege,
03/2019, Volume:
53, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Uvod: Sladkorna bolezen zahteva od pacienta učinkovito samooskrbo, h kateri pripomore tudi zdravstvena pismenost. V skladu s tem je bil cilj raziskave na vzorcu pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo ...ugotoviti, kakšna je stopnja splošne in specifične zdravstvene pismenosti.Metode: Izvedena je bila študija primera, v katero je bilo vključenih 36 pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo. Instrumenta za zbiranje podatkov sta bila vprašalnik za oceno splošne zdravstvene pismenosti ter vprašalnik za oceno specifične zdravstvene pismenosti. Zbrani podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo deskriptivne statistike (frekvence, aritmetične sredine, standardne deviacije). Za vprašalnik splošne zdravstvene pismenosti smo izračunali zanesljivost (Cronbach alpha = 0,94) in analizirali dimenzionalno strukturo (faktorska analiza).Rezultati: Na področju splošne zdravstvene pismenosti so udeleženci dosegli najnižji rezultat pri preprečevanju bolezni (x = 2,89, s = 0,85), najvišji pa pri promociji zdravja (x = 3,13, s = 0,79). Osebe, ki so sodelovale v raziskavi, izkazujejo visoko specifično zdravstveno pismenost, saj so bili njihovi odgovori na večino vprašanj vprašalnika o specifični zdravstveni pismenosti pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo v povprečju 82 % pravilni.Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave potrjujejo ustrezno stopnjo specifične zdravstvene pismenosti na področju sladkorne bolezni pri skupini pacientov, zajetih v raziskavo. Nekoliko slabša je njihova splošna zdravstvena pismenost na področju preprečevanja bolezni in zagotavljanja zdravega življenjskega sloga.
Uvod: Klinična pot je metodologija, ki celotnemu zdravstvenemu timu omogoča racionalno in na primerih dobre prakse utemeljeno obravnavo, spremljanje opravljenega dela ter poenoteno in ...poenostavljeno dokumentiranje. Cilj je bil identificirati klinično pot za učinkovito obravnavo otročnice in razviti prototip informacijskega sistema, ki bi olajšal izvajanje omenjene poti.Metode: S sistematičnim pregledom literature je bila identificirana obstoječa klinična pot. Z metodo modeliranja in s strukturiranimi intervjuji šestih deležnic v fokusni skupini je bil oblikovan prototip informacijskega sistema. Evalviran je bil s prepoznavanjem vzorcev in ključnih tem iz kliničnega okolja.Rezultati: Kriteriji presojanja deležnic fokusne skupine pri evalvaciji prototipa kažejo, da lahko prototip informacijskega sistema ustrezno podpre omenjeno klinično pot. Predlogi za izboljšavo, ki so jih podale deležnice fokusne skupine, so bili v razviti prototip vključeni naknadno.Diskusija in zaključek: Za obravnave znotraj sistema klinične poti v zgodnjem poporodnem obdobju so pomemben vezni člen prav medicinske sestre. Z uvedbo obravnav po sistemu klinične poti, ki je podprta s predlaganim informacijskim sistemom, se lahko bistveno izboljša način dokumentiranja obravnav pri izvajanju omenjene klinične poti. Z reduciranjem nepotrebnega dvojnega beleženja bi medicinske sestre pridobile več časa, ki bi ga lahko koristneje porabile.
Javni interes je izhodišče za strateške usmeritve izobraževanja odraslih (IO) v Sloveniji, a trenutno v njem manjkajo okoljske teme. To vrzel v upoštevanju izobraževalnih potreb in skupin ...predstavljamo s ciljem dopolniti sistemske dokumente ter utemeljiti vzgojo in izobraževanje za trajnostni razvoj (VITR) kot strateško prioriteto. Z uporabo kvalitativne metodologije smo analizirali najnovejše dokumente in druge vire iz obdobja 2010–2020 s treh vidikov: sistema, raziskovanja in prakse. Ugotavljamo, da nepoznavanje, neupoštevanje in nezanimanje za VITR ovirajo njegov razvoj. Z VITR lahko izobraževanje odraslih postane vključujoč ter na potencialih in prednostih ciljnih skupin utemeljen proces. Trenutna usmeritev v povečanje temeljnih zmožnosti in okoljske zavesti z javnoveljavnimi programi in promocijo ne zadostuje za razvoj kritične andragoške prakse in sinergij med akterji, ampak velja začeti več (in drugačne) raziskave in preoblikovati sistem iz hierarhičnega v krožnega. Širše razumljen javni interes zato ne izključuje, ampak le dopolnjuje trenutno zastavljeno prihodnje desetletje slovenskega izobraževanja odraslih.
Članek temelji na raziskavi, ki so jo avtorji opravili leta 2021. V središče postavlja izkušnje otrok in staršev beguncev z vključevanjem v slovenski vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem. Sogovorniki iz ...dvanajstih družin so spregovorili o pozitivnih in negativnih vidikih vključevanja v vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem. Med njimi so prevladovale težave z učenjem jezika, učne težave, diskriminacija. Proces vključevanja, ki v zakonih in strategijah deluje kot enoznačen »postopek« prilagajanja otrok na nove jezikovne, kulturne, izobraževalne in institucionalne razmere, v raziskavi predstavljamo iz perspektive »subjektov vključevanja«. Ti proces doživljajo kot dolgotrajen, niansiran in težaven.
The baseline survey on multilingual and transdisciplinary urban arts education is the result of the first part of the UrbArt project, which supports low-skilled adults in marginalized communities ...with urban arts activities and educational approaches. The aim of the baseline survey was to identify national and transnational needs and challenges related to marginalization in culture and education, as well as performance indicators for urban arts education, taking into account the concepts of transdisciplinarity and multilingualism. Five partner countries from Austria, Iceland, Portugal, Slovenia and the United Kingdom participated in the study. The survey involved people working as education providers or arts workshops in the areas covered by the project and asked them to share their experiences, describe their needs and challenges, and identify problems they face in their work with deprivileged or marginalized people or communities. Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups based on the same starting points formed the methodological basis. The publication presents the processes and outcomes of the work, concludes with key findings at European level and makes recommendations for the potential of social access and empowerment of deprivileged and marginalized adult individuals and communities through urban arts education.
Uvod: Urinska inkontinenca je pogosto posledica oslabelih mišic medeničnega dna, ki se lahko zdravi konservativno ali medikamentozno. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšno je znanje žensk o ...funkcijah mišic medeničnega dna in kako ocenjujejo koristnost komplementarnih konservativnih pristopov za njihovo krepitev.Metode: Uporabljena je bila eksplorativna kvantitativna metoda dela. Vprašalnik je bil sestavljen na podlagi pregledane literature, oblikovan je bil v spletnem orodju 1KA. Priložnostni vzorec so predstavljale ženske, stare med 20 in 64 let (n = 356). Podatki so bili analizirani z deskriptivno statistiko in faktorsko analizo. Rezultati: Vaj za krepitev mišic medeničnega dna ne izvaja 190 anketirank (52,4 %). Rezultati so pokazali, da pri vadbi za učinkovito krepitev mišic medeničnega dna pripomočke uporablja 12 anketirank (7 %). Diskusija in zaključek: Faktorska analiza je potrdila uporabnost za raziskavo oblikovanega inštrumenta. Anketirane ženske dobro poznajo funkcije mišic medeničnega dna, povezane z inkontinenco urina, vendar slabo skrbijo za krepitev mišic medeničnega dna. Spolne pripomočke štejejo le za zabavo in za popestritev spolnosti, ni pa jim znana možnost njihove uporabe za krepitev mišic medeničnega dna.
Programmes of formal education establish a systematic transfer of knowledge as well as universal values from one generation to another. By that, they ensure the survival of social structures, prevent ...radical disruptions in their continuity, and serve as basis for general development of a society. Their content and didactic arrangements include interweaving of two basic aspects: the cognitive one and the one related to vzgoja (i.e. upbringing, moral/value education etc.). The latter aims to achieve the ideals of a tolerant, just and lifelong learning society, but seems to be facing increasing challenges, mainly emerging from neoliberal capitalist mentality. Art history as a school subject area in elementary and secondary education may provide an insight beneath the surface of historical events. Thus, it helps develop a critical view towards them and consequently towards the present real-life situations, which contributes to ascending the taxonomic scale of conative educational goals.
Schools with Italian as the medium of instruction in Slovenia are open to all children and young people, regardless of their ethnic affiliation. The article addresses the impact of linguistically ...diverse classes on the linguistic development of children attending Italian nursery schools. The children’s parents provided basic background information on the child’s language use outside nursery school. The level of the children’s communicative competence in Italian, in terms of listening comprehension and oral production, was measured by means of a standardised test. Although results may not always be statistically relevant due to the small number of participants, they show that the prevailing presence of children that only speak Slovene at home does not hinder the linguistic development of children that only speak Italian at home, and that the Slovene-only cohort clearly benefits from attending Italian nursery school.
The purpose of the research was to analyse the injuries of primary school children in the framework of organised sports activities at school and in clubs or associations, and in leisure time without ...professional guidance.
We surveyed 631 participants, of which there were 282 boys and 349 girls from eight Slovenian primary schools. Frequencies were calculated and a Chi-square test was performed.
In physical education (PE) at school, 32% of the participants were injured in one school year, and there were no statistically significant differences in the number of injuries according to sex (p=0.18) and age (p=0.12). Most injuries were recorded in the lower extremities (50%), in the form of wounds. The participants were injured less often in PE at school than in a club or association, and more often than in their leisure time. The participants were absent from PE classes for longer after an injury in a club or association than in PE, while no significant differences in absences after injury were found. At school, the participants were most often injured in ball games, boys in football (43%) and girls in volleyball (19%). In activities in a club or association, we recorded the most injuries in boys in martial arts (18%) and dance for girls (19%). In their leisure time, boys suffered the most injuries from football (26%) and cycling, while girls suffered the most from running and rollerblading.
In the last ten years, the number of injuries in PE has increased in Slovenia. Based on the obtained results, we propose measures to reduce injuries and thus encourage more sports activities among children and adolescents, while ensuring their safety.
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