The paper deals with archaeological, osteological and archaeobotanical analysis of the artefacts and ecofacts obtained by excavation in waste landfills from the Second World War. The settlement waste ...was produced by three communities with different social status, which were connected with the Rolava mining and processing plant in the Ore Mountains in western Bohemia. The plant was built to supply the war industry of the Third Reich with non-ferrous metals, especially tin, and after World War II it was abandoned and turned into a complex archaeological site. The communities settled here included German civilian specialists, but also prisoners of war performing forced labour from the ranks of members of the Allied armies and the Red Army. The interdisciplinary analysis of the settlement waste has brought numerous new insights into one of the most significant modern archaeological sites in Central Europe and everyday life in the context of the largest war conflict in human history.
The concept of a liberal order dominates discussions of international affairs. The dominant approach to achieving a liberal order is grounded in a warmonger vision based on state military force as a ...primary means to social cooperation, peace, order, and human flourishing. This stands in contrast to the peacemonger vision, which emphasizes the primacy of nonviolence in interactions between people, especially in conflict situations. We offer reasons for skepticism regarding the warmonger vision and then discuss features and misconceptions of the peacemonger mentality. In doing so, we discuss how the peacemonger vision better fits with the liberal ends advocated by many who share the warmonger mentality.
This book examines the forced labor of Jews in the General Government of Occupied Poland from 1939-1943. Specifically, it traces the bureaucratic understanding and use the terms "labor" and "work" in ...the General Government; it also examines how these terms figured in the lives of Jews, for whom "labor"''s original understanding as a means of subsistence came to be redefined as a means of survival. The changing meaning of other key terms are examined in detail; these include, among others, "forced labor" (Zwangsarbeit), "slave labor" (Sklavenarbeit). The volume carefully analyzes the modus operandi of the Nazi system of power, in which bureaucracy ballooned, there were conflicts of interest between different institutions, and there was a total destruction of human and moral values, which led to extensive degeneration.
Sister Elizabeth Kenny came to the United States in 1940 to seek medical approval for her new methods of polio treatment. (“Sister” was a designation for senior nurse, not a religious title.) She ...gained the support of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now the March of Dimes), America’s largest disease philanthropy directed by Franklin Roosevelt’s former law partner, Basil O’Connor. Kenny became one of the most prominent women of her era: an expert witness at Congressional hearings on science research; the director of her own Foundation which attracted as a spokesman Hollywood superstar Bing Crosby; and the subject of a Hollywood movie “Sister Kenny” (RKO 1946) starring Rosalind Russell. As a nurse claiming the authority of discoverer and healer, she crafted a public persona as a mixture of Florence Nightingale and Marie Curie. Polio left families and their doctors at a terrifying loss: epidemics could not be predicted or controlled; paralyzed patients frequently remained disabled in a world unfriendly to the disabled; and until the mid-1950s there was no vaccine to prevent the disease. Kenny rejected conventional polio therapies, especially splinting and surgery. Her hot packs and muscle exercises embodied a different style of clinical practice - optimistic, energetic, patient-centered care – that gave hope to desperate patients and families. Kenny’s cause also provided a forum for the public to express long-standing frustration with unresponsive physicians, autocratic public officials, and medical orthodoxy. Most elite physicians and scientists were not convinced by her theory of polio as a non-neurological disease yet American health professionals quickly adopted her methods.
Este trabalho visa analisar as motivações da guerra e a visão dos soldados contrários a guerra deflagrada no Iraque em março de 2003. Os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 transformaram a política ...externa dos Estados Unidos com o fim dos anos de relativa paz conquistada com ao final da Guerra Fria. Logo após os atentados, a administração Bush (2001-2009) tentou relacionar os combatentes islâmicos membros da Al-Qaeda com o regime de Saddam Hussein, numa clara tentativa de justificar internamente a invasão no Iraque. No plano externo, o seu governo, junto com o britânico, alegavam que a presença de armas de destruição em massa contra as resoluções da ONU impostas ao governo iraquiano durante os anos 1990. Contudo, nem as inspeções e, posteriormente, nem a invasão militar dos EUA seus aliados, encontraram tais armas mas, o que se notou após o conflito era o enorme lucro obtido por empresas militares privadas e pelas companhias de petróleo. Para tanto, analisou-se primeiro como se formou o Oriente Médio e o domínio do Império Americano em escala global. Então, o relato de Hans Blix, inspetor chefe da UNMOVIC, agência da ONU responsável pelas inspeções de armamentos no Iraque, e algumas cartas de soldados enviadas a M. Moore durante o conflito. Tanto na historiografia, quanto nas fontes constata-se que havia três interesses em na Guerra do Iraque. Primeiro, de ordem econômica em função do lucro obtido por empresas militares privadas assim como pela extração direta de petróleo; segundo, relacionado à política externa de Washington, interessado em reorganizar geopolítica da região; em termos doméstico, fomentar a popularidade do Governo Bush em sua missão de Guerra ao Terror.
Este projeto surge de um desejo de dar continuidade ao trabalho de monografia realizado em 2010 no curso de Especialização em História Social e Ensino de História, na Universidade Estadual de ...Londrina cujo título foi “O uso do RPG como ferramenta pedagógica no ensino de História”. O RPG mostrou-se uma boa ferramenta pedagógica na medida em que despertou no aluno o gosto pela história e a possibilidade dele se colocar no lugar de alguém do passado, em outras palavras, estabelecer uma relação empática com o passado. É o aprofundamento do estudo desta relação que pretendemos discutir. A empatia histórica, para Ashby & Lee, funciona como “um empreendimento, onde alunos mostram a capacidade de reconstruir os objetivos, os sentimentos, os valores e crenças dos outros, aceitando que eles podem ser diferentes dos seus”, tornando-se assim elemento importante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo nesta nova etapa foi o de verificar a ocorrência de experiência empática histórica entre os alunos do 6º ano do Colégio Estadual Prof. Dr. Heber Soares Vargas relativamente aos conteúdos da História a partir de um jogo de RPG, observando sua relação na apreensão de conceitos históricos por parte dos alunos. Esta experiência empática ocorreu, ajudando muitos alunos a entender os conceitos substantivos relativos à matéria estudada a partir de uma perspectiva histórica criada em um jogo de RPG. O projeto se constituiu de pesquisa bibliográfica, afim de definir alguns conceitos como jogo e o conceito de empatia histórica e seu uso no ensino de história; criação de material de ensino, análise das ideias dos alunos e reflexão acerca da experiência realizada. Foi realizado entre os alunos da sexta série do ensino fundamental do Colégio Estadual Prof. Dr. Heber Soares Vargas.
This paper describes the structures, operations, and history of the Research and Production Plant, Parkgate, a munitions facility developed by the Irish State in the early years of World War II ...(referred to in Ireland as 'the Emergency'). Located on the edge of the city of Dublin and within the historic curtilage of Phoenix Park, its emissions were the cause of some controversy and resulted in a local health scare, suppressed and censored by the Fianna Fáil government of the day. The Plant's eventual closure was brought about by complaints from the Office of Public Works regarding severe chemical damage in the adjacent Peoples' Garden and to trees and other vegetation further away in the Park proper. In the meantime, production had switched to service a private concern, which was to benefit further from the arrangement before restrictions on the importation of phosphorus and other chemicals were lifted in 1946. The structures were identified and recorded over the summer of 2007 and the research conducted the following winter, based on files held in the Military Archives and contemporary parliamentary reports.
The Historical Uncanny explores how certain memories become inscribed into the heritage of a country or region while others are suppressed or forgotten. In response to the erasure of historical ...memories that discomfit a public's self-understanding, this book proposes the historical uncanny as that which resists reification precisely because it cannot be assimilated to dominant discourses of commemoration. Focusing on the problems of representation and reception, the book explores memorials for two marginalized aspects of Holocaust: the Nazi euthanasia program directed against the mentally ill and disabled and the Fascist persecution of Slovenes, Croats, and Jews in and around Trieste. Reading these memorials together with literary and artistic texts, Knittel redefines "sites of memory" as assemblages of cultural artifacts and discourses that accumulate over time; they emerge as a physical and a cultural space that is continually redefined, rewritten, and re-presented. In bringing perspectives from disability studies and postcolonialism to the question of memory, Knittel unsettles our understanding of the Holocaust and its place in the culture of contemporary Europe.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Laya Films news report produced during the Spanish Civil War. Divided into two parts. The first features images of women working in ...a light munitions factory. The narrator highlights the fundamental importance of the work done by the rearguard towards winning the war. The second part shows images of Republican and Catalan flags blowing in the wind. The narrator quotes Lluís Companys, President of the Government of Catalonia: "For the honour, duty and life of Catalonia. One word, War!".- Notícia de Laya Films produïda durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola. Dividida en dues parts. A la primera, imatges de dones treballant en una fàbrica de munició lleugera. La locució destaca la importància fonamental del treball a la rereguarda per a guanyar la guerra. A la segona part, imatges de les banderes, republicana i catalana, al vent. El locutor diu les consignes pronunciades per Lluís Companys, president de la Generalitat: "Per l'honor, el deure, la glòria i la vida de Catalunya. Una paraula única! Guerra!".- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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