With the growing significance of environmental awareness, the role of renewable materials and their reuse and recycling possibilities have become increasingly important. Wood is one of the best ...examples for this, as it is a material that has a variety of primary uses, while also being a prime candidate for reuse and recycling. An important phase in most waste wood value chains is the processing of bulk waste from various sources, usually by means of shredding. This paper presents methods for scheduling the machines in such a waste wood processing facility, where incoming deliveries of different types of wood are processed by a series of treatment and transformation steps to produce shredded wood. Two mathematical models are developed for the problem that both allow overlaps between consecutive steps to optimize resource flow through the system. One of these is a more traditional discrete-time model, while the other is precedence-based and uses continuous-time variables for the timing of the various tasks. Both modeling techniques have their advantages and shortcomings with regard to the ease of integration of further problem-specific parameters and requirements. Next to providing a sound approach for the identified problem class, another aim is to evaluate, which technique suits better for this problem class, and should be used as a basis for extended and integrated cases in the future. Thus, the performance of these models is compared on instances that were randomly generated based on real-world distributions from the literature.
While the study of reverse wood value chains has become an important topic recently, optimization-focused studies usually consider network-level problems and decisions, and do not address the ...individual processes in the network. In the case of waste wood, one such important process is the scheduling of the various machines in a waste wood processing facility to treat incoming wood deliveries with multiple sources and varying quality. This paper proposes a robust multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimization of this process that considers the uncertain origins and compositions of the incoming deliveries, while aiming to minimize both lateness and energy consumption. An exhaustive study is performed on instance sets of different sizes and structures to show the efficiency and the limits of the proposed model both in single- and multi-objective cases.
The article devotes to development of mathematical model of sawdust briquetting process, establishing relationship between the briquettes density, the moulding speed and pressing effort. The study ...uses elastic-viscous-plastic Bingham body stress-strain equation as a rheological model of the sawdust being briquetted, the model parameters are non-linear functions of the sawdust density; classical Runge-Kutta method was used for solving the nonlinear differential stress-strain equation. The calculations results show that at a constant moulding pressure, the briquette density varies non-linearly over the processing time. At constant moulding pressure of 50 MPa, the calculated briquettes density reaches 1 g/cm3, at the pressure of 100 MPa the density approaches 1.2 g/cm3, and at the pressure of 150 MPa the density reaches 1.25 g/cm3. Basing on the calculation results, the study obtains approximate equation for estimating the briquette density depending on initial density of the briquette raw material, the moulding pressure and the working body speed, and approximate equation for estimating the required moulding pressure depending on initial and required briquette density, processing time or the moulding speed.
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