The article deals with the results of theoretical research of the use of polymer composition based on collagen to reinforce the structure of textile materials in order to prevent sliding in the ...seams. The calculation of the weight of polymer composition applied to the surface of textile material of garments has been presented. The dependence of the weight of polymer composition on the radius of warp and weft yarns and the width of a unit fabric structure has been determined. A formula for the volume of polymeric material has been obtained to calculate the necessary mass of the polymeric composition applied to the surface of the connection seams.
The object of the research is the development of an assortment of analogs of copies of Slutsk belts, produced on modern weaving equipment. The aim of the work is to adapt the hand weaving technique ...for modern equipment to bring it closer to the historical one, as well as to optimize the structure, i.e. to lighten it in the middle of the belt. The technological peculiarity of this historical analogue is that the laying of wefts in the middle and in the border is not carried out across the entire width of the belt, as well as the presence of a large number of wefts playing the role of a "broche". It is proposed to lighten the structure of the fabric in the border and middle and thereby bring the modern belt as close as possible to the historical one, where there was no middle layer, by means of a new principle in the order of laying the wefts. Research and analysis of the structure of the historical sample of the belt allowed to conclude that it makes sense to lay wefts only on the background areas formed by them: change the wefts in the center of the belt and on the border between the middle and the border. All six shuttles are in operation on the machine: four of which form the color in the middle, two in the border. The ornament in the border is created not by "broche" wefts, as in the historical belt, but by a covering warp of two colors. Предметом исследования является исторический слуцкий пояс, изготовленный способом ручного ткачества в первой половине XVIII века на слуцкой мануфактуре, и его реконструированная копия. Работа посвящена технологии прокладывания утков в двухстороннем четырехлицевом слуцком поясе при выработке его на современном ткацком оборудовании с целью снижения расхода дорогостоящего сырья: натурального шелка, золотых нитей. Структуру ткани формируют от пяти до шести утков, отличающихся по цвету. Это сопровождается зарабатыванием в средний слой утков, не участвующих в формировании рисунка. Предложено облегчить структуру ткани в бордюре и серединке благодаря новому принципу порядка прокладывания утков, что максимально приблизит современный пояс к историческому, где отсутствовал средний слой. В результате выполненной работы проведены исследования структуры, разработаны программные продукты, включающие управление работой челночными коробками, технические рисунки, комплекты переплетений. Разработанная технология предполагает прокладывание утков в поясе не по всей его ширине, тем самым повышая производительность труда, уменьшая расходы дорогостоящего сырья: натурального шелка, золотых и серебряных нитей без снижения эстетической ценности пояса.
The surface roughness of fabric is one of the fabric properties that is used to evaluate the sensorial comfort of clothes. However, its objective evaluation requires sophisticated and expensive ...testing instruments and skilled testing expertise. Developing a predictive model is therefore an alternative approach to overcome such limitations. This study investigated a regression model to predict the surface roughness of 3/1 twill fabric using weft yarn count and weft thread density. Nine samples were produced by varying the weft yarn count and weft thread density at three different levels, while their surface roughness was determined using a Kawabata instrument (KES-FB4) under standard testing conditions. A two-factor predictive model equation was developed using design expert software. Based on the results and findings, the effects of count and density on the roughness of 3/1 twill fabric were found to be statistically significant for the developed model at a confidence interval of 95%. The model was tested by correlating the measured and predicted surface roughness values of 100% cotton 3/1 twill fabric. The results of the model test indicate a significant correlation (R2 = 0.9644) between the measured and predicted surface roughness values of 3/1 twill fabric, with a 95% confidence interval. Model validation was performed, and the study showed that the measured and predicted values of the surface roughness of 3/1 twill fabric have a 0.828 coefficient of determination (R2). This indicates that the surface roughness of 3/1 twill fabric can be predicted well by weft yarn count and weft thread density. This model can be thus used in textile industries and by research institutes for predicting the surface roughness of 3/1 twill fabrics in the new product development process.
Površinska hrapavost tkanine je ena od lastnosti tkanine, ki se uporablja za oceno čutnega udobja oblačil. Objektivno vrednotenje čutne udobnosti zahteva sofisticirano in drago laboratorijsko opremo in ustrezno usposobljenost za izvedbo ekspertize. Razvoj napovednega modela je alternativni pristop za premagovanje omenjenih omejitev. V tej študiji je bil raziskan regresijski model za napovedovanje površinske hrapavosti tkanine v vezavi keper 3/1, ki temelji na dolžinski masi votkovnih niti in gostoti niti v smeri votka. Izdelanih je bilo devet vzorcev, pri katerih so spreminjali dolžinsko maso votka in gostoto votkovnih niti na treh različnih ravneh, pri čemer je bila površinska hrapavost tkanin določena z instrumentom Kawabata (KES-FB4) v standardnih razmerah preizkušanja. S pomočjo programske opreme Design Expert je bila razvita enačba dvofaktorskega napovednega modela. Na podlagi rezultatov je bilo ugotovljeno, da je vpliv dolžinske mase votka in gostote votkovnih niti na hrapavost tkanine v vezavi keper 3/1 pri razvitem modelu statistično značilen pri 95-odstotnem intervalu zaupanja. Model je bil preverjen s pomočjo korelacije izmerjenih in predvidenih vrednosti površinske hrapavosti 100-odstotne bombažne tkanine v vezavi keper 3/1, pri čemer je bila ugotovljena visoka korelacija (r2 = 0,9644) med izmerjenimi in predvidenimi vrednostmi. Izvedena je bila validacija modela, ki je pokazala, da imajo izmerjene in predvidene vrednosti površinske hrapavosti tkanine v vezavi keper 3/1 koeficient validacije (R2) 0,828. To kaže, da je s podatki o dolžinski masi votka in gostoti votkovnih niti mogoče dobro napovedati površinsko hrapavost tkanine v vezavi keper 3/1. Zato je model primeren za napovedovanje površinske hrapavosti tkanin v vezavi keper pri razvoju novih izdelkov v tekstilni industriji in na raziskovalnih inštitutih.
Denim fabrics form today's mostly utilized fabric type. As is the case with the other textile products, there are many factors affecting the properties and the performance of the denim products. ...Within the scope of this study, we have evaluated the effect of the density changes in the use of the dual-core threads - used in an ever-increasing fashion in the textile industry - in weft have on the fabric properties. We have analyzed the extent to which the weight, size, elasticity, tensile strength, and cost properties of the denim fabrics woven with the dual-core weft thread in various densities are affected by the changes in the number of dual-core weft threads per unit length. In conclusion, we have come to such striking remarks as that the construction has a much more impact on the fabric width and thus on the unit weight than the elasticity ratio, and that density changes in the elastane-containing threads cause serious differences on the fabric's color values.
The Bronze Age Milisauskas, Sarunas
European Prehistory,
01/2011
Book Chapter
The term “Bronze Age” represents that segment of time that succeeded the New Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Copper Age (a term that is used variably across Europe to indicate the time when copper ...metallurgy first became widespread). Although the name implies that it was the alloying of copper with tin and other minerals that was important, in fact there are many other aspects that were equally or more significant as defining characteristics of the period. Lying as it does between the period of dominance of small-scale farming societies and the rise of major state-type societies, the Bronze Age is usually considered to represent a crucial developmental phase in European prehistory. During this phase, literacy spread throughout the Eastern Mediterranean area, where large-scale palace-based societies were present. Though it is only developments in Greece (of the various East Mediterranean civilisations) that affect us directly in this chapter, nevertheless the proximity of many European Bronze Age communities to these major socioeconomic units was arguably a major factor in the world of Bronze Age Europe in general. Opinions differ about the extent or importance of links between Greece and the “barbarian” world, but all are agreed that matters such as the movement of prestige goods and metals around the Mediterranean could not have failed to affect societies living on its northern and western shores, and arguably in their hinterlands.
Ethnomathematics faces two challenges: first, it must investigate the mathematical ideas in cultural practices that are often assumed to be unrelated to mathematics. Second, even if we are successful ...in finding this previously unrecognized mathematics, applying this to children’s education may be difficult. In this essay, we will describe the use of computational media to help address both of these challenges.
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