The global concern regarding the monitoring of construction workers' activities necessitates an efficient means of continuous monitoring for timely action recognition at construction sites. This ...paper introduces a novel approach-the multi-scale graph strategy-to enhance feature extraction in complex networks. At the core of this strategy lies the multi-feature fusion network (MF-Net), which employs multiple scale graphs in distinct network streams to capture both local and global features of crucial joints. This approach extends beyond local relationships to encompass broader connections, including those between the head and foot, as well as interactions like those involving the head and neck. By integrating diverse scale graphs into distinct network streams, we effectively incorporate physically unrelated information, aiding in the extraction of vital local joint contour features. Furthermore, we introduce velocity and acceleration as temporal features, fusing them with spatial features to enhance informational efficacy and the model's performance. Finally, efficiency-enhancing measures, such as a bottleneck structure and a branch-wise attention block, are implemented to optimize computational resources while enhancing feature discriminability. The significance of this paper lies in improving the management model of the construction industry, ultimately aiming to enhance the health and work efficiency of workers.
ABSTRACTOne type of air pollution that has the potential to harm human health is particulate dust. Particulate dust causes pulmonary damage when inhaled during work continuously. The purpose of this ...study was to see the description of the condition of the lung physiology ,workers' actions,worker smoking habits,use of respiratory tract,and physical quality of the environment. This was descriptive research, using design cross-sectional. The sample size used total population as 14 people. physical environmental quality includes PM2.5 concentration,air temperature and humidity. The action variable was measured using an observation sheet, while smoking habits and respiratory tract measured using a questionnaire. Lung function disorder was measured using spirometry. Based on the results,50% of workers had a bad action, 64.3% of workers had a smoking habit, and 28.6% of workers didn’t use continuous respiratory protection during working hours. The measurement of physical environmental quality at PM2.5 still meets the quality standard, while for the temperature and humidity do not meet quality standards. A total of 5 workers in the final rub section have lung function disorders. The conclusion that can be taken is more lung function disorder is experienced by workers who have smoking habits, not using continuous respiratory protection during working hours. The advice that can be given is that the use of the respiratory protector of masks should always be used continuously while workin. For workers with lung function disorders, should immediately conduct further medical examination and reduce smoking habits so that the lung physiological condition doesn’t decrease.Keywords: PM2.5 concentration, lung function disorders, workers' actions,worker smoking habits,use of respiratory protection
In this article, we ask whether macro-level changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to changes in the levels of discrimination against women and Black job-seekers at the point ...of hire. We develop three main hypotheses: that discrimination against women and Black job-seekers increases due to a reduction in labor demand; that discrimination against women decreases due to the reduced supply of women employees and applicants; and that discrimination against Black job-seekers decreases due to increased attention toward racial inequities associated with the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020. We test these hypotheses using a correspondence audit study collected over two periods, before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, for one professional occupation: accountants. We find that White women experience a positive change in callbacks during the pandemic, being preferred over White men, and this change is concentrated in geographic areas that experienced relatively larger decreases in women's labor supply. Black women experience discrimination pre-pandemic but receive similar callbacks to White men during the pandemic. In contrast to both White and Black women, discrimination against Black men is persistent before and during the pandemic. Our findings are consistent with the prediction of gender-specific changes in labor supply being associated with gender-specific changes in hiring discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. More broadly, our study shows how hiring decision-making is related to macro-level labor market processes.
This article examines how rumors impact democracy and transparency in a cooperative workplace. Although literature on rumors generally analyzes them as negative to workplace culture, the author ...argues that rumors constitute a critical aspect of democratic participation. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in a worker-recuperated business in Argentina, the author shows how members use rumors to incite deliberation, participate in decision-making, question organizational policy, and oversee managerial authority. Although informal communication at work can create uncertainty, confusion, and concerns about efficiency, the author finds that rumors can also increase worker influence, encourage organizational accountability, and ultimately protect against the consolidation of power.
Purpose> Construction action recognition is essential to efficiently manage productivity, health and safety risks. These can be achieved by tracking and monitoring construction work. This study aims ...to examine the performance of a variant of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for recognizing actions of construction workers from images of signals of time-series data. Design/methodology/approach> This paper adopts Inception v1 to classify actions involved in carpentry and painting activities from images of motion data. Augmented time-series data from wearable sensors attached to worker's lower arms are converted to signal images to train an Inception v1 network. Performance of Inception v1 is compared with the highest performing supervised learning classifier, k-nearest neighbor (KNN). Findings> Results show that the performance of Inception v1 network improved when trained with signal images of the augmented data but at a high computational cost. Inception v1 network and KNN achieved an accuracy of 95.2% and 99.8%, respectively when trained with 50-fold augmented carpentry dataset. The accuracy of Inception v1 and KNN with 10-fold painting augmented dataset is 95.3% and 97.1%, respectively. Research limitations/implications> Only acceleration data of the lower arm of the two trades were used for action recognition. Each signal image comprises 20 datasets. Originality/value> Little has been reported on recognizing construction workers' actions from signal images. This study adds value to the existing literature, in particular by providing insights into the extent to which a deep CNN can classify subtasks from patterns in signal images compared to a traditional best performing shallow network.
Although well theorized at the individual level, previous research has neglected the role of national context in shaping overall levels of nonwork–work and work–nonwork interference. This study fills ...this gap by examining how a national context of gender empowerment affects the likelihood of experiencing nonwork–work and work–nonwork interference at the individual and national levels. Controlling for individual-level differences in the distribution of job demands and resources, results from our multilevel models indicate that women’s empowerment has significant net gender and parenthood effects on nonwork–work interference. By contrast, gender empowerment equally structures work–nonwork interference for these groups. Our results highlight the need to investigate interference bidirectionally and in a multilevel context.
Abstract
This paper critically investigates the law and economics of competition law enforcement in conflicts between workers and employers in the EU and the US. The conflict between worker ...solidarity and market competition attracts significant public attention due to the legal conundrum facing precariously employed gig workers. This paper reveals that in light of the strict consumer welfare standard underlying competition rules, competition law has become an overall disciplining mechanism impeding collective worker action beyond the limited case of the gig economy. Using a holistic theoretical framework comprising of neoclassical and Marxist exploitation theories, the paper shows that sound economic analysis justifies resolving the competition–solidarity conflict in favour of solidarity. After showing that the consumer welfare standard overlooks the idiosyncratic qualities of labour as a ‘fictitious’ commodity, the paper offers an original and inclusive ‘citizen welfare’ standard that takes into consideration how anti-competitive behaviour affects workers as well as consumers. As a result, the paper also contributes to the post-2008 debate on whether and how competition law could contribute to equality by shedding light on competition law's treatment of workers and their welfare.
The ideologist of the Yugoslav Communist Party, perceived the socialism as constant struggle and one of the crucial battles for building of the new society. The regulary organized Youth Working ...Actions were of the special importance as places where this struggle could be developed, organized and led. The main method was the “Socialist Competition”. It has the emphasized ideological dimension, since the hard physical labor was perceived as the main tool for building of the strong and conscious personalities of the socialist men and women. Inspiration for the established practice of the “Socialist Competition” was discovered in the theoretical works of the classics of the Marxism: Lenin and Stalin. The Competition propaganda was very aggressive. It was constantly announced in the news and the radio program which was listened in the Working Actions compounds. Those announcements were actually paroles fitted with the graphic images of the work statistics, coupled with the portrait of the Yugoslav Communist Party leaders and scenes of the youth in work. The authors reviles the “other” side of the Competitions, showing the young party cadres struggling for easy climbing within the hierarchy, problems of the quality of the works and buildings performed, as well as the injuries and some fatalities in this process, which remained hidden from the propaganda efforts. But besides such problems, in general, the Socialist Competition helped the mobilizing of the youth for public works, among many resulted in important building and infrastructure works.
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