La propuesta de este escrito es reflexionar acerca de las posturas asumidas acerca del juego en el “Simposio Internacional de Educación Inicial: Desafíos Pedagógicos para los próximos años”, ...organizada en 2016 por el Ministerio de Educación y Deportes de la República Argentina, junto a la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI), a propósito de la discusión acerca de la obligatoriedad de la sala de tres años en Argentina. Este evento puso en el centro de la escena a las experiencias de juego colectivas en la educación infantil, experiencias que en tiempos de virtualidad reivindican la dimensión corporal y la construcción de su disponibilidad para moverse y encontrarse con otros. A partir de la pregunta que interpela la relación aparentemente indisoluble entre juego y educación infantil, la intención es reflexionar acerca de la frivolidad productiva y el desorden ordenado (Kishimoto, 1998; Brougere, 1998), es decir, la ausencia de consecuencias de las decisiones tomadas en el marco de lo permitido por las reglas de juego, dos características que la educación (desde Froebel a la actualidad) ha realzado para incluirlo en las propuestas de escolaridad. Desenredando la necesidad de pensar el juego en la educación desde y para el bienestar infantil, en este proceso de ensayar consideraciones teóricas, se propone poner el acento en la contracara de las particularidades mencionadas, es decir, en la intensidad, para promover en la educación infantil prácticas lúdicas inclusivas, sanas y contingentes.
Abstract. The proposal is to analyze the theoretical and practical positions assumed about games in the “International Symposium of Initial Education: Pedagogical Challenges for the coming years”, organized in 2016 by the Ministry of Education and Sports of the Argentine Republic, together with the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture (OEI), regarding the discussion about the mandatory nature of the three-year ward in Argentina. This event put at the center of the scene collective play experiences in early childhood education, experiences that in times of virtuality vindicate the bodily dimension and the construction of their availability to move and meet others.Starting from the idea that questions the (apparently) indissoluble relationship between play and early childhood education, the intention is to reflect on productive frivolity and disorder ordered (Kishimoto, 1998; Brougere, 1998), that is, the absence of consequences of the decisions made within the framework of what is allowed by the rules of the game, two characteristics that education (from Froebel to the present) has enhanced to include it in school proposals. Unraveling the need to think about play in education from and for child welfare, this essay proposes to emphasize the other side of the particularities mentioned, that is, intensity, to promote inclusive playful practices in early childhood education, healthy and contingent.
Este estudio describe y analiza el lugar que el cuerpo, el movimiento y la Educación Física (EF) ocupan en las prescripciones curriculares de Educación Infantil (EI) en la ciudad de Vitória, ...centrándose en sus interfaces con las discusiones académicas que se debaten actualmente. Metodológicamente, es una investigación documental y tiene como fuente los documentos: A Educação Infantil do Município de Vitória: um outro olhar (2006) e Diretrizes Curriculares Educação Infantil de Vitória/ES (2020). Los resultados encontrados permiten afirmar que las perspectivas de trabajo con el cuerpo y el movimiento de los niños y las niñas representan un avance en el debate sobre el papel de la EF en la EI. Considerando que, además de reconocer el lenguaje corporal como uno de los lenguajes imprescindibles para trabajar con niños y niñas, se alinean con las concepciones actuales de educación infantil y primera infancia. Además se constituyen en propuestas elaboradas junto a los docentes de Educación Infantil.
Abstract: This study describes and analyzes the place that body, movement and physical education occupy in the curriculum prescriptions for Early Childhood Education in the city of Vitória, focusing their interfaces with the discussions that take place in the academic level of the debate. Methodologically, it carries out a documentary research and has as source the documents: A Educação Infantil do Município de Vitória: um outro olhar (2006) e Diretrizes Curriculares Educação Infantil de Vitória/ES (2020). The results found allow us to state that the perspectives of working with the children's body and movement in the analyzed documents represent an advance in the debate on the role of Physical Education in Early Childhood Education. Considering that, in addition to recognizing body language as one of the essential languages for working with children, and aligning the current conceptions of childhood and early childhood education, they constitute proposals elaborated in co-authorship with the teachers of the Child education.
5 week old male infant referred by the GP for poor feeding and increasing lethargy. On admission was poorly perfused, lethargic and further investigation showed metabolic acidosis and narrow complex ...tachycardia with a HR of 270. Chest xray showed enlarged cardiac shadow with congested lung fields and poor cardiac function on echocardiography. Furosemide at 1mg/kg and several doses of adenoside up to 350mcg/kg were given followed by propranolol and digoxin in order to achieve cardioversion. Only transiently sinus rhythm was achieved with the use of adenosine and even after the administration of propranolol and digoxin still HR remained high. At that point DC shock was attempted and referral to PICU. The patient on admission to PICU received a further dose of adenosine and magnesium which uncovered a ventricular rate of 90 and an atrial flutter. An echocardiogram was performed which showed a structurally normal heart with reduced cardiac function. Three further unsuccessful attempts of DC cardioversion were followed by esmolol infusion and oesophageal pacing without capture. The patient was started on amiodarone, receiving a loading dose and an infusion. The tachycardia resolved (HR 130), but atrial rate 2:1 persisted. The SVT continued while on digoxin and amiodarone. Flecainide was started and the patient was discharged from PICU on amiodarone and flecanide. Echocardiography showed a gradually improving cardiac function and after amiodarone and flecanide were gradually weaned off within a year of lifeConclusionThis was a case of complex atrial tachycardia which responded poorly to the conventional medical management in the district hospital. Due to the poor cardiac function the child had to be transferred to PICU for further management including amiodarone and esmolol infusions. Cases like this are challenging to be managed in district general hospitals where the presence of staff experienced and confident with the use of DC is limited.
BackgroundOxygen may be delivered by various non-invasive methods to infants. Currently there is limited evidence about the actual fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) available via these different ...methods and how these various methods compare with each another. Head boxes are used in children with conditions such as bronchiolitis, with removable lids for accessing patients. Venturi adapters are simple devices that generate a consistent flow of gas at a constant FiO2.AimsWe aim to assess the FiO2 within the head box and the variation under 3 principle conditions; 1) different flow rates of oxygen 2) opening the lid and 3) delivery of gas via a venturi.MethodsBench study using infant head box. The FiO2 was measured using saturation probes placed at different points within the head box and under the various conditions above.ResultsThe FiO2 within the head box varied by 1–5% depending on location, and was associated with higher flow rates. Higher flow rates increased to higher steady state FiO2with (1 l/min 25–28%, 5 l/min 32–38%, 15 litres 48–55%) and reached this steady state earlier (1 l/min 6 min, 15 l/min 3 min). Higher flow rates also resulted in more rapid recovery of FiO2 following removal of the head box lid. The use of venturi mask adapter resulted in less variation of head box FiO2 compared to delivery without the venturi (1 l/min 1% vs 3.5%, 15 l/min 2.4% vs 6.7%), and quicker times to reach steady state (1 l/min 3 min, 15 l/min 1.5 min).ConclusionThis bench study demonstrates variation of oxygen concentration within the head box, and the time taken to reach equilibrium of the FiO2 which varies depending on flow rates.We suggest monitoring of head box oxygen concentrations (especially on accessing the box) with probes placed close to the infants head. Consider the use of higher flow rates when there is a need for tighter oxygen control such as in unwell children when they are more susceptible to changes in oxygen concentration. Further studies exploring the delivery of oxygen using other non invasive methods are indicated to assess the concentrations of oxygen delivered.
BackgroundFrom September 2015 babies born on or after 1/7/15 are being offered the MenB (meningococcal group B) vaccine, bexsero, as part of their routine immunisation schedule. The vaccine is given ...at 2, 4 and 12 months.Fever is a common and predictable response to vaccinations. In clinical studies when bexsero was given alone, the frequency of fever was 44%-59%. This number rose to between 69–79% when bexsero is co-administered with routine vaccinations.Babies are routinely being given paracetamol at the time of immunisation and parents advised to administer two further of doses at 4–6 hly intervals.Other very common side effects include loss of appetite, sleepiness and irritability.AimI aimed to quantify the number of infants presenting to ED with fever post-immunisations and collect data on how they are being managed.MethodA retrospective analysis of records was undertaken between 1/9/15–14/10/15 to identify those <3mths of age presenting with problems relating to recent immunisation.Results37 infants were seen over the 6 week period with parental concern of fever. 8 had recently received the MenB vaccine. 5 infants presented within the first 12hrs and the rest 12–18hrs post immunisation.All 8 were given paracetamol prior to attendance.3 babies were febrile >38 degrees on arrival. 4 babies were discharged after review including one with a documented temperature. 4 were admitted to hospital, 3 of whom underwent a full septic screen including LP and were commenced on IV antibiotics. Investigations including CSF, blood and urine cultures for all 3 of these infants were negative and their fever was attributed to recent vaccinations.ConclusionThe clinical management of babies presenting with fever post-immunisations ranged from reassurance to full septic screen and hospital admission. Isolated fever in an otherwise well baby may be assessed fit for discharge. However, when combined with other common side effects such as irritability and poor feeding, investigation to exclude alternative cause for symptoms may be deemed necessary. This must be assessed on a case by case basis but the author suggests admission for observation be considered an appropriate management strategy for "well" infants.
The purpose of this project was to investigate potential correlates of family life impairment in families of young autistic children. This project incorporated measures of specific child and parent ...challenges in addition to a commonly used unidimensional measure of autism characteristics. In this way, we could assess whether such challenges explain variance in family life impairment, and whether their inclusion diminish associations between autism characteristics and family life impairment. Cross-sectional data were collected from 564 parents of autistic children aged 2 to 5 years who participated in a larger online study. Participants completed measures on child characteristics (autism characteristics, emotion dysregulation, speaking ability, flexibility, and sleep problems), parent depression, and family life impairment, using the Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS). Multiple linear regression models were generated to examine whether any of the independent variables were associated with the four domains of the FLIS. Models controlled for child age and sex, parent education, and single-parent homes. All independent variables were associated with impairment in one or more FLIS domains. None of the primary independent variables were significantly associated with positive growth. More overt characteristics and behaviors (e.g., autism characteristics, reactivity, speaking ability, and flexibility) were associated with impairment in domains that reflected a family's ability to navigate the community. However, sleep challenges and parent and child emotional difficulties were most strongly associated with parent impairment. Findings suggests that families may have different needs across contexts and provide new avenues through which they might be better supported.
Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced challenges to families with young children with developmental delays. Beyond the widespread concerns surrounding illness, loss of employment and social ...isolation, caregivers are responsible for overseeing their children's educational and therapeutic programmes at home often without the much needed support of professionals.
Method
The present study sought to examine the impact of COVID‐19 in 77 ethnically, linguistically and socioeconomically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) in California and Oregon, who were participating in larger intervention studies. Parents responded to five interview questions about the impact of the pandemic, services for their child, silver linings or positive aspects, coping and their concerns about the long‐term impact of the pandemic.
Results
Parents reported that their biggest challenge was being at home caring for their children with the loss of many essential services. Parents reported some positive aspects of the pandemic, especially being together as a family. Although there were positive aspects of the situation, many parents expressed concern about long‐term impacts of the pandemic on their children's development, given the loss of services, education and social engagement opportunities.
Conclusion
Results suggest that parents of young children with IDD report significant challenges at home during the pandemic. Professional support, especially during the reopening phases, will be critical to support family well‐being and child developmental outcomes.
La educación formal puede ser entendida como una actividad cultural que es influenciada por múltiples perspectivas epistemológicas que están presentes en la sociedad. Además, cada nación tiene sus ...propias particularidades en función de su propia historia y ciudadanía que son únicas. Unas de las corrientes teóricas que ha tenido un auge pedagógico en los últimos años en América Latina es la perspectiva feminista, promoviendo la igualdad de género. Considerando dicho contexto, se desarrolló el presente ensayo cuyo objetivo es analizar desde una perspectiva crítica y de género cuatro documentos ministeriales chilenos sobre psicomotricidad y corporalidad en edad infantil. Los análisis reflejaron que existe una marcada tendencia conductista, positivista, neoliberal y acrítica en torno al género, la psicomotricidad y la corporalidad en los textos ministeriales considerados. De este modo, se estaría promoviendo una educación infantil que asume una actitud pasiva ante las injusticias sociales y los estereotipos de género de corte patriarcal. En este sentido, se estaría reproduciendo, en el profesorado y en el alumnado infantil, una racionalidad curricular técnica y tradicional.
Abstract: Formal education can be understood as a cultural activity that is influenced by multiple epistemological perspectives that are present in society. In addition, each nation has its own particularities based on its own unique history and citizenship. One of the theoretical currents that has had a pedagogical boom in recent years in Latin America is the feminist perspective, promoting gender equality. Considering this context, this essay was developed with the objective of analyzing from a critical and gender perspective four Chilean ministerial documents on psychomotricity and corporeality in early childhood. The analyses showed that there is a marked behaviourist, positivist, neoliberal and uncritical tendency towards gender, psychomotor skills and corporeality in the ministerial texts considered. In this way, it would be promoting an early childhood education that assumes a passive attitude towards social injustices and patriarchal gender stereotypes. In this sense, a technical and traditional curricular rationality is being reproduced among teachers and children.
Hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in young children with type one diabetes mellitus (Archives of Disease in Childhood 2022;107:299). doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-323915. The authors of the cited ...primary article (Ware J, et al. Randomised Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Very Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2022;386:209–219) would like to highlight an error in this Archivist. The commentary states that ‘There was no difference in HbA1C, mean sensor glucose levels, and hypoglycaemia (4.9% closed loop compared with 4.5% sensor control).’ This statement is incorrect – there was a significant reduction in HbA1c and mean sensor glucose levels with hybrid closed-loop, as stated earlier in the commentary. The difference in the glycated haemoglobin level was −0.4 percentage points (95% CI, −0.5 to −0.3), and the difference in the mean sensor glucose level was −12.3 mg per deciliter (95% CI, −14.8 to −9.8) with p<0.001 for both in favour of closed-loop. There was indeed no difference in time in hypoglycaemia, as stated in the commentary.
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