Čb.
56,2 x 85,2 cm na listu 59,5 x 87,5 cm
Měřítko ca 1:30 000. 8,2 cm = 2500 metres. 16 cm = 2500 toises
(003°39´40" v.d.--004°48´13" v.d./051°03´12" s.š.--050°44´55" s.š.)
Čb.
56,2 x 85,2 cm na listu 59,5 x 87,5 cm
Měřítko ca 1:30 000. 8,2 cm = 2500 metres. 16 cm = 2500 toises
(003°39´40" v.d.--004°48´13" v.d./051°03´12" s.š.--050°44´55" s.š.)
Mědiryt, čb. 39 x 52,5 cm na listu 48,5 x 59,5 cm Měřítko ca 1:110 000. 9,5 cm = echelle de deux lieues de Brabant (003°34´31" v.d.--004°31´54" v.d./051°02´32" s.š.--050°40´02" s.š.)
Mědiryt, čb. 39 x 52,5 cm na listu 48,5 x 59,5 cm Měřítko ca 1:110 000. 9,5 cm = echelle de deux lieues de Brabant (003°34´31" v.d.--004°31´54" v.d./051°02´32" s.š.--050°40´02" s.š.)
Abstract Type-1 cannabinoid (CB1 ) and leptin (ObR) receptors regulate metabolic and astroglial functions, but the potential links between the two systems in astrocytes were not investigated so far. ...Genetic and pharmacological manipulations of CB1 receptor expression and activity in cultured cortical and hypothalamic astrocytes demonstrated that cannabinoid signaling controls the levels of ObR expression. Lack of CB1 receptors also markedly impaired leptin-mediated activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 and 5 (STAT3 and STAT5) in astrocytes. In particular, CB1 deletion determined a basal overactivation of STAT5, thereby leading to the downregulation of ObR expression, and leptin failed to regulate STAT5-dependent glycogen storage in the absence of CB1 receptors. These results show that CB1 receptors directly interfere with leptin signaling and its ability to regulate glycogen storage, thereby representing a novel mechanism linking endocannabinoid and leptin signaling in the regulation of brain energy storage and neuronal functions.
Highlights ► CB1 receptors (CB1 Rs) are highly expressed neuroreceptors in the primate brain. ► 125 ISD7015 is a novel high-affinity lipophilic CB1 R antagonist SPECT radioligand. ► We scanned the ...brain uptake of 125 ISD7015 in wildtype and CB1 R knock-out mice. ► 125 ISD7015 brain uptake in wildtype mice is significantly higher than in KO mice. ► 125 ISD7015 appears to be a promising SPECT radioligand for visualising CB1 Rs.
CB 2020_Prospectus_Cycle Entre l’homme et l’animal Les leçons de ce cycle seront dispensées le mercredi 29 janvier , le mercredi 19 février, lemercredi 4 mars etlemercredi 1eravril 2020, de 17 à 19 ...heures, au Palais des Académies (1, rue Ducale– 1000 BRUXELLES). Accès libre. Informations et inscription souhaitée (onglet Collège Belgique) site internetde l'Académie royale de Belgique : ex pour le 19/02 : https://www.academieroyale.be/fr/le-college-belgique-lecons-detail/dates/classification...
Background Live oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) have significantly reduced rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. However, LORVs are less effective in low- and middle-income countries ...(LMICs). Next-generation rotavirus vaccines (NGRVs) may be more effective but require administration by injection or a neonatal oral dose, adding operational complexity. Healthcare providers (HPs) were interviewed to assess rotavirus vaccine preferences and identify delivery issues as part of an NGRV value proposition. Objective Determine HP vaccine preferences about delivering LORVs compared to injectable (iNGRV) and neonatal oral (oNGRV) NGRVs. Methods 64 HPs from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Peru, and Senegal were interviewed following a mixed-method guide centered on three vaccine comparisons: LORV vs. iNGRV; LORV vs. oNGRV; oNGRV vs. iNGRV. HPs reviewed attributes for each vaccine in the comparisons, then indicated and explained their preference. Additional questions elicited views about co-administering iNGRV+LORV for greater public health impact, a possible iNGRV-DTP-containing combination vaccine, and delivering neonatal doses. Results Almost all HPs preferred oral vaccine options over iNGRV, with many emphasizing an aversion to additional injections. Despite this strong preference, HPs described challenges delivering oral doses. Preferences for LORV vs. oNGRV were split, marked by disparate views on rotavirus disease epidemiology and the safety, need, and feasibility of delivering neonatal vaccines. Although overwhelmingly enthusiastic about an iNGRV-DTP-containing combination option, several HPs had concerns. HP views were divided on the feasibility of co-administering iNGRV+LORV, citing challenges around logistics and caregiver sensitization. Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights on delivering NGRVs in routine immunization. Despite opposition to injectables, openness to co-administering LORV+iNGRV to improve efficacy suggests future HP support of iNGRV if adequately informed of its advantages. Rationales for LORV vs. oNGRV underscore needs for training on rotavirus epidemiology and stronger service integration. Expressed challenges delivering existing LORVs merit further examination and indicate need for improved delivery.
SOME RECENT DESIGNS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF SCREEN-PRINTED CARBON ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS/BIOSENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL ANALYSES-AN OVERVIEW by John P. Hart, Adrian, Crew, Eric ...Crouch, Kevin C. Honeychurch, and Roy M. Pemberton, Centre for Research in Analytical, Materials, and Sensors Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
ABSTRACT: This review describes the design and fabrication of electrochemical sensors/biosensors based on screen-printing technology and their applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, and industrial analyses. Specific emphasis is placed on naturally-occurring biomolecules, drugs, and potential environmental and industrial pollutants or toxins.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 789-830, 2004
ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF OPIATES-AN OVERVIEW by Jorge M. P. J. Garrido and Cristina Delerue-Matos, CEQUP/Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Fernanda Borges, CEQOFFUP/Departamento de Química Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Tice R. A. Macedo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; A. M. Oliveira-Brett, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
ABSTRACT: The analysis of opiates is of vital interest in drug abuse monitoring and research. This review presents a general overview of the electrochemical methods used for detection and quantification of opiates in a variety of matrices. Emphasis has been placed on the voltammetric methods used for study and determination of morphine, codeine, and heroin. Specific issues that need to be solved and better explained as well as future trends in the use of electrochemical methods in the examination of opiates are also discussed.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 831-844, 2004
ION-SELECTIVE ADSORPTION/DESORPTION PROCESSES AT INORGANIC MATERIALS/SOLUTION INTERFACES AS A NOVEL MODE FOR ION SENSING by Yukinori Tani and Yoshio Umezawa, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: Several studies on response mechanisms of solid membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and developments of ion sensors mainly from the authors' laboratory were reviewed. Face-specific responses of CdS single crystals showed that ion-selective response of solid membrane ISEs based on scarcely soluble salts is due to adsorption of component ions, and resultant charge separation at the membrane/solution interfaces. Potentiometric response mechanisms of CuS-based ISEs in metal buffer solutions were discussed. Crystal surfaces of scarcely soluble inorganic salts were formed to provide remarkably selective molecular recognition sites at which adsorbed component ions were detected by an underlying quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Not only single layer adsorption of component ions on the respective inorganic salt, but also multilayer crystal formations at QCM surface also showed ion-selective response to the respective component ions. Ion selectivities of ion sensors based on scarcely soluble salts, which include ISE and QCM, are basically limited by solubility products. Several studies on ISEs based on inorganic materials having a three-dimensional (3D) network structure with interstitial ions demonstrated that for ion-selective responses the formation of vacant sites be required by dissolution of the interstitial ions from the membrane surfaces during the pretreatment. For these ISEs, potentiometric selectivities are essentially governed by size and dehydration energies of analyte ions. Taken these together, approaches for ion-sensor developments based on inorganic materials were critically evaluated and updated.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 845-869, 2004
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COBALT HEXACYANOFERRATE MODIFIED CARBON ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENZYME BIOSENSORS by Monica Florescu, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal and Department of Physics, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania; Christopher M. A. Brett, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Carbon film electrode have been modified with films of cobalt hexacyanoferrate by potential cycling from solutions containing cobalt and hexacyanoferrate ions. The voltammetric characteristics of the films have been investigated in different electrolyte solutions and the properties related to insertion reactions within the crystal structure. The application of these modified electrodes as redox mediators in enzyme biosensors has been investigated using the mediated detection of hydrogen peroxide, demonstrated by the determination of glucose using glucose oxidase. Excellent detection limits in the micromolar region have been attained and the principle of measurement in real samples demonstrated by that of glucose in sweet wine.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 871-886, 2004
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLOIDAL GOLD-CYSTEAMINE-CARBON PASTE ELECTRODES by J. Manso, L. Agüí, P. Yáñez-Sedeño, and J. M. Pingarrón, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
ABSTRACT: The optimal conditions for the preparation of colloidal gold-carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) by using CPEs modified with cysteamine (Cyst) are discussed. Cysteamine modified-CPEs (Cyst-CPEs) were prepared by immersion in a Cyst solution, the experimental variables involved in this modification process being optimized. Different colloidal gold deposition methods on the Cyst-CPEs were evaluated by recording cyclic voltammograms of methionine solutions. Better electrochemical responses were found for colloidal gold-Cyst-CPEs (nAu-Cyst-CPEs) prepared by immersion of Cyst-CPEs in a colloidal gold suspension for 4 hr. Optimization of the different experimental variables involved (colloidal particle size and time of immersion) was also carried out. The surface of nAu-Cyst-CPEs was characterized by SEM, and the gold coating electrochemically tested. A surface coverage, Γ, of 3.07 × 10
−10
mol cm
−2
was obtained. The analytical suitability of nAu-Cyst-CPEs was verified by testing the voltammetric behavior of several compounds with sulfur atoms.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 887-902, 2004
HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE ELECTRODE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CLOZAPINE by B. Blankert, W. El Ayyas, and J.-M. Kauffmann, Pharmaceutical Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; O. Dominguez and J. Arcos, Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Spain
ABSTRACT: A horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized electrode was developed for the assay of the antipsychotic compound clozapine (CLZ). The biosensor was made of HRP crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and blended in the electrode matrix. The latter was a carbon paste based on solid paraffin and graphite particles. A dialysis membrane was secured at the tip of the enzyme based electrode. Cyclic voltamperometry at the solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE) permitted to point out a reversible pattern for CLZ electrooxidation attributed to a relatively stable nitrenium ion. The formation of the latter and of a newly generated species, was inferred at the biosensor. The electroreduction of these generated species was performed at the biosensor at an applied potential of 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCL 3 M KCl. Several experimental parameters influencing the biosensor response were studied such as pH, buffer composition, and detection potential. The resulting biosensor offered, at pH 4.5 in Britton-Robinson buffer (BRb) in the presence of 0.1 mM H
2
O
2
and at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, a linear response in the concentration range comprized between 1.0 × 10
−6
M and 1 × 10
−5
M with a detection limit of 1.7 × 10
−7
M and a quantification limit of 5.6 × 10
−7
M. In addition to the mechanistic information provided, the biosensor was found useful for the determination of CLZ in tablets. The accuracy of the assay was checked by capillary electrophoresis (CZE).
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 903-913, 2004
VOLTAMMETRY OF DICLOFENAC AT GRAPHITE, CARBON COMPOSITES, AND MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER-COMPOSITE ELECTRODES by M. Carmen Blanco-López, Laura Fernández-Llano, M. Jesús Lobo-Castañón, Arturo J. Miranda-Ordieres, and Paulino Tuñón-Blanco, Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
ABSTRACT: The electrochemical behavior of diclofenac (DCF) at graphite electrodes was investigated. The drug is irreversibly oxidized at 0.84 V (pH 1), giving rise to some products, which exhibit two reversible process with formal potential of 0.39 and 0.63 V. Carbon composite electrodes of different nature polytetrafluoroethylene-graphite (PTFE-G), epoxy-graphite (EG), epoxy-carbon black (E-CB) were also investigated for voltammetric detection of DCF. A similar electrochemical behavior was observed on these electrodes although graphite was preferred over carbon black as conducting phase, and both PTFE and epoxy could act as agglomerant. Electrodes constructed with these materials could be modified with molecularly imprinted polymers (HIPs), and allowed detection of DCF after incubation in an acetonitrile solution of the drug.
Analytical Letters, 37(5), 915-927, 2004
CYTOCHROME P450
2D6
(CYP2D6) BIOELECTRODE FOR FLUOXETINE by E. I. Iwuoha and N. G. R. Mathebe, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; A. Wilson and D. Narinesingh, Department of Chemistry, University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; M. Howel and K. Montane-Jaime, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; A. Guiseppi-Elie, Center For Bioelectronics, Biosensors And Biochips (C3b), Virgini
SIGLES UTILISÉS a/ Organismes . CBS Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. La Haye. . CCE Commission des Communautés Européennes. Bruxelles. . CECA Communauté Economique du Charbon et de ...l'Acier.Luxembourg. . CEE Communauté Economique Européenne. Bruxelles. . CIVI Centraal Instituut voor Industrieontwikkeling. La Haye. . CPB Centraal Plan Bureau. La Haye. . ETI Economisch-Technologisch Instituut. . IAURP Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Parisienne. Paris. . KNAG Koninklijke Ned...
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