Fluctuations and interactions between brain waves during deep and shallow anesthesia
Musizza, Bojan ...
Using gold plated electrodes, inserted into the ratćs head above the dura of the left and right parietal cortex, we recorded EEG during deep and shallow anesthesia with either pentobarbital (PB) or ...ketamine-xylazine (KX). The fluctuations in time series were then analyzed using wavelet transforms and the spectral power was determined within 7 frequency intervals (slow wave 2, S2, 0.0067-0.0167 Hz; slow wave 1, S1, 0.02-0.19 Hz; delta, 0.2-3.9 Hz; theta,4-7.9 Hz; alpha, 8-12.9 Hz; beta, 13-24.9 Hz and gamma, 25-34.9 Hz). In addition, the coupling strengths between individual oscillatory components during deep and shallow anesthesia were evaluated for both anesthetics. We show specific changes for both anesthetics indicating that during deep anesthesia PB reduces high and low frequency activity (0.2-35 Hz) and enhancescoupling especially between delta, theta and alpha waves, while KX reduces low frequency activity (0.005 to 0.2 Hz) and enhances coupling betweenfrequency waves alpha, beta and gamma. Our results, using two anesthetics known to block different ion channels, provide an insight into brain dynamics and could have wide implications in creating biomarkers for detecting various neurophysiological modifications, such as in Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease or autism spectrum disorder, as well as in providing more realistic models of brain dynamics.
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