This volume represents research done at various levels of collaboration, including international, continent-wide, regional and national, in the fields of medical sciences, public health, science policy, science education, agriculture and economic aspects of science.Specific areas covered here include the manufacture of vaccines in Africa, preventing oral cancer in Nigeria, and decreasing the disparity of childhood cancer globally. Contributions also discuss the prevention of HIV/AIDS and cancer in sub-Sahara Africa, early diagnosis of sarcoidosis, tertiary care of children and teens with type 1 diabetes in Africa, detecting obesity as a maternal perinatal and neonatal risk factor, and improving sanitation and health practices.