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Bracanović, Tomislav
Nova prisutnost, 03/2021, Volume: XIX, Issue: 1Journal Article
U radu se razmatra pitanje jesu li na umjetnoj inteligenciji utemeljeni dijagnostički sustavi (AIBDS) prijetnja autonomiji pacijenata kao jednom od središnjih načela biomedicinske etike. U prvom dijelu rada objašnjava se što su AIBDS i kako funkcioniraju, s naglaskom na tehnologiji strojnog učenja i na njegovu svojstvu netransparentnosti. U drugom dijelu rada prikazuje se više paradigmatskih stavova o AIBDS-u kao prijetnji autonomiji pacijenata, uz osvrt na standardnu analizu prema kojoj ta autonomija uključuje (minimalno) tri komponente: intencionalnost, slobodu od ograničenjâ i razumijevanje. U trećem se dijelu rada argumente pro et contra teze o AIBDS-u kao prijetnji autonomiji razmatra iz perspektive pacijenata, dok ih se u četvrtom dijelu rada razmatra iz perspektive liječnika. U radu se pokazuje koliko rasprava o ovom pitanju može biti složena i koja oruđa argumentacije suprotstavljenim stranama pritom mogu stajati na raspolaganju. The paper considers the question whether artificial intelligence-based diagnostic systems (AIBDS) pose a threat to patient autonomy as one of the central principles of biomedical ethics. The first part of the paper explains what AIBDS are and how they work, with an emphasis on machine learning technology and its property of non-transparency. The second part of the paper presents several paradigmatic views on AIBDS as a threat to patient autonomy, with reference to the standard analysis according to which this autonomy includes (at least) three components: intentionality, freedom from constraints and understanding. In the third part of the paper, the arguments pro et contra of the thesis about AIBDS as a threat to autonomy are considered from the perspective of patients, while in the fourth part of the paper they are considered from the perspective of physicians. The paper shows how complex the discussion of these issues can be and what argumentative tools can be made available to opposing parties.
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