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  • A Power-Efficient 20-35-GHz...
    Luo, Yu-Lun; Rady, Ramy; Entesari, Kamran; Palermo, Samuel

    IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 03/2023, Volume: 71, Issue: 3
    Journal Article

    Analog photonic links require linear drive of electrooptic modulators at high frequency to support emerging millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication standards. However, this is challenging due to the nonlinear distortion of commonly used Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). This article presents the first CMOS MZM driver capable of operating over a wide 20-35-GHz frequency range with a programmable linearizer. A broadband design is achieved with a magnetically coupled resonator (MCR) technique that provides wideband impedance matching for the interstage and output-stage matching networks. Linearization is achieved with a topology consisting of inverter-based amplifier segments that provide programmable predistortion gains over the input signal regions. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS, the driver delivers 2.5-Vpp swing to an external MZM. Operating the majority of the circuitry at 0.9 V, except for the 1.6-V output stage, allows for a power consumption of only 180 mW. The proposed programmable linearizer is able to compensate the amplitude-to-amplitude modulation (AM-AM) compression of the amplifier stages and the external MZM, extending output power 1-dB compression point (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{OP}_{1~\text{dB}}</tex-math> </inline-formula>) of the whole radio-over-fiber (RoF) link by 3 dB and achieving 4.8-dBm third-order input intercept point (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{IIP}3</tex-math> </inline-formula>) at 25 GHz.