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Rodiah Nurbaya Sari; Dina Fransiska; Fera Roswita Dewi; Ellya Sinurat
Jurnal pascapanen dan bioteknologi kelautan dan perikanan, 06/2022, Volume: 17, Issue: 1Journal Article
Abstrak Biokeramik hidroksiapatit (HAp) adalah suatu komponen kimiawi sintetik dari turunan kalsium fosfat yang banyak digunakan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan keras. Salah satu bahan alami untuk membuat hidroksiapatit adalah cangkang kerang simping (Amusium pleuronectes), hasil samping dari usaha penangkapan kerang simping. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan sediaan HAp dari cangkang kerang simping dan mengkarakterisasi sediaan hidroksiapatit yang dihasilkan. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah persiapan tepung cangkang kerang, proses kalsinasi dengan perlakuan suhu (700, 800, dan 900°C) dan waktu (6; 4,5; dan 3 jam), serta sintesis HAp menggunakan amonium dihidrogen fosfat. Hasil HAp terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu kalsinasi 800°C selama 4,5 jam dengan rendemen 75,20%. Gugus fungsi CO32- yang muncul mengindikasikan adanya vibrasi C-O dari gugus CO3 dan gugus hidrogen fosfat (HPO42-). Difraktogram HAp yang dihasilkan mendekati standar (HAp-S) dengan intensitas tinggi pada nilai 2θ: 25,88°; 31,75°; 32,18°; 32,88°; 34,05°; 39,77°; 46,61°; dan 49,97°. HAp yang dihasilkan memiliki unsur Ca dan P masing-masing 59,09 dan 40,91% dengan rasio Ca/P sebesar 1,44 dan diameter partikel rata-rata 396,88 nm. HAp ini memiliki morfologi berbentuk aglomerat dan tidak terdapat permukaan dengan tepi runcing dan tajam sehingga relatif aman untuk diaplikasikan pada jaringan lunak manusia. Abstract Hydroxyapatite bioceramic (HAp) is a synthetic chemical component of calcium phosphate derivatives generally used to repair hard tissue damage. One of the natural ingredients for making hydroxyapatite is scallop shells (Amusium pleuronectes), a by-product of catching fresh scallops, which only use the adductor meat/muscle. This study aimed on HAp preparations from scallop shells and characterized the resulting hydroxyapatite formulation. The steps taken were preparing scallop shell flour, the calcination processed with temperatures of 700, 800, and 900°C and times 6; 4.5; and 3 hours, and the synthesis processed using Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP). The results obtained were the best hydroxyapatite treatment at a calcination temperature of 800°C for 4.5 hours with a yield of 75.20%. The functional group found of CO32- indicated C-O vibrations from the CO3 group and the hydrogen phosphate group (HPO42-). The diffractogram of HAp was similar to standard hydroxyapatite (HAp-S) with high intensity at values of 2θ: 25,88°; 31.75°; 32.18°; 32.88°; 34.05°; 39.77°; 46.61°; and 49.97°. HAp from this study has an agglomerate morphology, without sharp surface and edges. Based on SEM-EDS analysis, the HAp contains Ca and P 59.09 and 40.91%, respectively, with a Ca/P ratio of 1.44. The average particle diameter size was 396.88 nm. The morphology of the resulting HAp will be safe for human soft tissue application.
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