This study addresses the global challenge of effectively managing diabetes through self-care practices, including medication adherence, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, and diet. Our research aimed to evaluate self-care practices among type 2 diabetic patients, using the validated Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities scale (SDSCA), and to analyze associations with age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. This cross-sectional study was conducted at District General Hospital Chilaw, Sri Lanka, and involved 187 participants. Data analysis employed SPSS version 25. The results highlighted suboptimal self-care behaviors and medication adherence, emphasizing the need for integrated interventions to enhance knowledge and self-care among “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” patients.