The thematic focus of this article is the question of Biblical phraseology. It draws on the source connection between Biblical phrasemes and their prototext. The relationship between the phrasemes and their source material is approached in a specific way, through the prism of its reflection in a particular cultural and linguistic environment and as regards the knowledge of contemporary users of a particular language. In a sociolinguistic research project conducted in a Russian cultural and linguistic environment, the authors seek an answer to a question that also pertains to broader cultural knowledge-that is, to what extent contemporary users of Russian are aware of the interconnection between a selected group of phrasemes and Biblical texts.