By analyzing the phylogenetic structure of plant community, the response of species to environmental changes in tree layer, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer can be explored. Carpinus turczaninowii community in Taxus chinensis Nature Reserve in Lingchuan, Shanxi province were surveyed and compared. The net relatedness index(NRI) and nearest taxon index(NTI) of Carpinus turczaninowii community from different spatial scale and different sloping directions were studied by the method of sampling analysis. The phylogenetic structure characteristics of Carpinus turczaninowii community formed along the spatial scale gradient were discussed and the historical process of the construction of Carpinus turczaninowii community was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the phylogenetic tree of Carpinus turczaninowii community in these reserve arbor layer(26 species), shrub layer(32 species), and herbaceous layer(39 species) could be divided into 5 groups, 5 groups, and 4 groups, respectively. Arbor layer(86.67% of the plot