Judith Halberstam's Female Masculinity (1998) may be considered a starting theoretical landmark for masculinity studies in this context, as her book highlighted new perspectives on masculine patterns of behavior and identity, indicating new paths in the development of what would be queer scholarship. Bederman's Manliness and Civilization (1995) is an account of the emergence and development of a very influential identity narrative that the majority of Americans took for granted in the period from the end of the Civil War to World War I. This narrative claimed that identities, including sex and gender identities, are historically constructed and liable to change under specific circumstances. Set to illustrate the social Darwinism of the survival of the fittest, this ideal man was bound to control the world, foreshadowing the rise in Europe of the post-Nietzschean, Nazi Übermensch. According to Kimmel, the construction of the masculinity identity stereotype of the "self-made man" - a phrase so much entrenched in hegemonic masculinist ideology that an alternative "self-made person" has never been used, at least to my knowledge - took place in the historical space of time from the Revolutionary War to the end of the Civil War.