Insect herbivores and their parasitoids make up a large proportion of biodiversity, but studies of their communities rarely involve geographic comparisons. If the community on a host plant varies geographically, insect diversity will be underestimated by ignoring this. In addition, community functional structure may vary geographically due to differential abundance of functional groups. To address these issues, we compared the composition and structure of the fig wasp community associated with Ficus rubiginosa between temperate (Sydney) and tropical (Townsville) regions of eastern Australia. We sampled figs from four sites per region, twice a year for 2 years, resulting in about 14,000 wasps from 11 genera and 19 sub‐generic taxa. Since two of these taxa each comprise two cryptic species, we refer to taxonomic diversity below, but this is largely at species level. Taxonomic richness (14) was the same in both regions and nine taxa were shared across regions. However, 10 taxa were found in only one of the two regions, driving a significant difference in the taxonomic composition of the tropical and temperate communities, and increasing overall diversity in the system. The wasps belong to five functional groups – pollinators, small and large gallers, and small and large parasitoids. In contrast to taxonomic composition and diversity, community functional structure did not differ significantly between regions. Our results highlight that there can be broad latitudinal conservation of functional community structure across regions, despite considerable regional differences in taxonomic composition. The taxonomic composition of the fig wasp community associated with fruits of Ficus rubiginosa changes substantially between tropical and temperate regions in Australia. However, the wasp functional group structure is not significantly different between these tropical and temperate sites separated by 2500 km. These contrasting patterns reflect the outcome of ‘like‐for‐like’ geographic turnover of species between regions, involving both morphologically differentiated and cryptic species.