With the development of ultra-precision machining technology, the aerostatic bearings with high stiffness are needed urgently. This paper proposes a new aerostatic bearing structure with split design, which can passively compensate the load displacement caused by the change of film thickness through the pressure feedback of the shell. The static characteristics of the bearing are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics analysis and fluid–structure interaction simulation. The effectiveness of the structure is verified by comparative experiments. The results show that the static stiffness of the bearing is improved by 171% within a certain load range, the dynamic stiffness is increased by up to 30% under low frequency excitation and capacity is better than that of the conventional aerostatic bearing.