How responsible one feels for reducing climate change is theorized to be an important antecedent of pro-environmental behavior. Building on existing work in this domain, we report a preregistered replication of recent evidence suggesting a robust association between responsibility and proenvironmentalism across nations. Replicating and extending this work, our study used data from Wave 10 of the European Social Survey (ESS), collected across 31 countries (N = 40,117). All correlational findings for measures overlapping across ESS waves were replicated (within and across all countries). We found that perceived responsibility to reduce climate change related to increased worry about climate change and the belief that it is mainly caused by humans. Furthermore, pre-registered exploratory analyses showed that over the four-year period since the previous ESS wave, the average scores for responsibility, concern and belief in climate change have significantly increased. •We replicate results from Syropoulos and Markowitz (2022) in 31 European countries.•Personal responsibility relates to increased belief in and concern for climate change.•Meta-Analyses suggest that such relationship is consistent in all 31 countries.•Perceived responsibility, concern and belief increased from 2016 to 2020.