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Asadi Dokht Lish, Reyhaneh; Johari, Seyed Ali; Sarkheil, Mehrdad; Yu, Il Je
Environmental pollution (1987), December 2019, 2019-Dec, 2019-12-00, Volume: 255, Issue: Pt 3Journal Article
The genus Artemia sp. has been accepted as a reliable model organism for aquatic toxicity and nanotoxicity experiments, as far as the ISO TS 20787 has recently been published to standardize nanotoxicity test with this organism. Experimental and environmental conditions may affect the toxicity of nanomaterials on aquatic organisms including Artemia sp. nauplii. In this study, acute toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the nauplii of Artemia salina was investigated under various conditions (e.g. different lights, salinities, temperatures, volume and agitation of exposure media and instar stages of nauplii). The EC values were calculated using Probit program and all data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software. At all test conditions, the immobilization rate of Artemia nauplii increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of instar stage II to different concentrations of AgNPs was significantly higher than instar I (P < 0.05). The toxicity effect of AgNPs was affected by alteration of environmental conditions, so that the effective concentration (EC) values for instar I of A. salina decreased with increasing water temperature, decreasing water salinity and in continuous darkness condition. The EC50 value of AgNPs was significantly lower in 100 mL beakers (21.35 ± 5.67 mg L−1) than 10 mL well plates (42.44 ± 11.30 mg L−1). Agitation of exposure media did not affect the toxicity of AgNPs. The results indicated that the experimental and environmental conditions influence on the toxicity of AgNPs in the nauplii of A. salina. Display omitted •Salinity affect the Ag+ release from AgNPs.•Naupliar stage of Artemia influence AgNPs toxicity.•Experimental conditions alter the toxicity of AgNPs on Artemia.•Harmonization of experimental procedures is necessary in Artemia nanotoxicology. Since environmental and experimental conditions affect the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on brine shrimp, harmonization of experimental procedures is necessary in Artemia nanotoxicology.
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